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2004

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Digital Illustration And Litigation: Anticipating The Implication Of Digital Imaging Within The Architectural Profession., John Stabb Nov 2004

Digital Illustration And Litigation: Anticipating The Implication Of Digital Imaging Within The Architectural Profession., John Stabb

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As the capacity of the digital medium expands so the potential for creative design increases. Yet, while the rigid and artificial effects of traditional presentation techniques, such as photo-montages and early solid models, provided a degree of ambiguity regarding the final outcome of the project, the almost seductive power of the hyper-real is beginning to narrow the gap on the licence of interpretation. Consequentially the credibility and ethics of the image may start to come into question if the integrity of the architecture as built fails to meet the expectations, which the image inspired in the first place. By addressing …

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Beyond Desktop Usability: Web Site Usability And Its Evaluation., Stephen Ar Scrivener, Chao-Yang Yang, Andrée Woodcock Nov 2004

Beyond Desktop Usability: Web Site Usability And Its Evaluation., Stephen Ar Scrivener, Chao-Yang Yang, Andrée Woodcock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

An Internet questionnaire survey was conducted in order to explore whether web users’ and web designers’ conceptions of usability differ, and whether these conceptions are encompassed within conventional HCI usability. The primary results of the survey were that: 1 The users and designers had different viewpoints. For example, the users wanted web sites that provide diverse functions and information, whereas the designers thought web sites should be designed thematically. Similarly, the users valued information content over visual design, the designers vice versa. 2 Usability goals, such as stickiness (i.e., a web site’s ability to engender user attachment to it), attractiveness …

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Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar Nov 2004

Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

New materials try to find their way into consumer goods, but not all do so with the same speed and success as revealed by this study on the development and application history of plastics. Three major actors can influence this commercialization process of new materials: material technologists, industrial design engineers and consumers. They can actively influence this process in some cases, but not in all cases. The factors affecting the commercialization process of plastics in the past have been analyzed to formulate recommendations for future generations of materials. Cooperation between material technologists and designers is considered as an important factor …

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Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons Nov 2004

Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The development of engineering systems, whether those systems be products, plant or services, is a complex activity. The systems themselves are becoming more rather than less complex. Partly this arises from the need to optimise multiple system attributes including function, cost, resource usage, and style, among others. Also, most significant engineering projects involve diverse activities (including design, risk assessment, decision making, construction, and ongoing operation), and these invariably require teams of people with different skills. In turn that diversity requires effective management and leadership. Furthermore, the addition of electronic functionality and active control systems adds functionality but also introduces complex …

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The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli Nov 2004

The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design discipline has traditionally focused on products physical aspects, giving for granted that the context of services, infrastructures and technology will support the product life. A systemic perspective would revise such a focus, in order to project design competences over systemic aspects usually neglected by designers. This perspective shift is a challenge for designers, who have very efficient methods and tools to handle physical aspects of product design, but need to define an ‘operative paradigm’ to operate in a systemic context. An operative paradigm consists of a set of tools and methods to handle immaterial aspects such as time …

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The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen Nov 2004

The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Team work is not new for an organization to enhance the quality and quantity of the answer against the problem [1]. Increasingly, the completion of design work needs group’s effort, leading the request of communication tools to reduce the cost and time for traveling to place the face-to-face discussion. Many studies have devoted to the field using computer-mediated communication tools to support cooperative design work. On the other hand, the utilization of brainstorming in producing many ideas has been recognized. The pervasive usage of telecommunication tools and brainstorming in design work prompts an interest about how brainstorming is conducted over …

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Environ-Mental., Bev Lamey, Carol Bristow Nov 2004

Environ-Mental., Bev Lamey, Carol Bristow

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Loony Bins and madhouses; does the environment contribute to the wellbeing of mental health patients (clients)? Have the large Victorian asylums, where patients were hidden from public view, disappeared? Evidence suggests otherwise. People struggling with the distress and disruptive consequences of mental illness, are still kept in oppressive, unsympathetic environments. Research into patient focussed design and architecture has concentrated on physical health care environments and ignored psychiatric health care. As a result many psychiatric patients are still housed (and locked up) in former asylums with their outdated facilities and arrangements. The "Environ-mental" project and SEED is about design for wellbeing …

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The Abandoned Center: The Impact Of Complexity And Scale On Organizational Systems; Making The Case For A Design Approach., Harold Nelson, Erik Stolterman Nov 2004

The Abandoned Center: The Impact Of Complexity And Scale On Organizational Systems; Making The Case For A Design Approach., Harold Nelson, Erik Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Businesses, governmental agencies and other large organizations face an intense challenge in today’s world. As these organizations become larger and more complex they often loose the focal point of their work—their center of gravity. Leaders, managers and administrators are unable to control the operations of the organization because specialization and diversification have created an abandoned center at the heart of their system. The challenge is to find a strategic approach for replacing the abandoned center with a whole center. In this paper we present three strategies for doing this, two of which are primarily based on reductionistic science and one …

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An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu Nov 2004

An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Managing a design project arguably needs a simplest organizational structure. There are established methods and procedures on which to base a suitable structure for managing design projects. Project management tends to deal not only with a process or system in carrying out a particular task (e.g. a military project) but also entails the crossing of functional and organizational boundaries to achieve higher levels of performance and productivity. In this research, the concern of project management is to use management skills in coordinating design activities with other tasks in the organization, ensuring the provision of comprehensive design activities being given a …

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The Role Of Occupational Communities In The Transmission And Embedding Of Design Innovation: A Conceptual Framework., Philippa Ashton Nov 2004

The Role Of Occupational Communities In The Transmission And Embedding Of Design Innovation: A Conceptual Framework., Philippa Ashton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper will explore social relationships as essential to the ability of organisations and the occupational communities within which they sit, to acquire and embed design innovation. The tacit qualities of design mean that social contact is required to enable the transmission and embedding of design innovation. The paper is focussed on selected literature that investigates this concept and commonly cited features and mechanisms for innovation and design knowledge transfer, are then built into a conceptual model applicable to design communities. The topic has particular relevance because of the growth of many publicly funded initiatives in the UK which attempt …

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The Use Of Prototypes In Pre-Development Activities., Chris Conley Nov 2004

The Use Of Prototypes In Pre-Development Activities., Chris Conley

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Prototypes are commonly used in design and development activities to help understand aspects of an emerging design before it is complete. The use of prototypes before development begins, however, is essentially non-existent. Why is this so? Are prototypes simply a method for those who design and develop tangible artefacts? In spite of their wide spread use and reports of beneficial impact, there is surprisingly little theory or principles of prototyping. This lack of prototyping theory and principles may be one reason prototypes are not considered for use in a wider variety of situations such as strategy development or product planning. …

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Identification Of Graphic Character Influenced By The Design Of Characteristic Features., Regina Wang, Ting Chien Lin Nov 2004

Identification Of Graphic Character Influenced By The Design Of Characteristic Features., Regina Wang, Ting Chien Lin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Graphic design of character has been included one of the main factors in corporate identity system. It makes people to create an interactive connection of emotions in addition to enhance brand loyalty though its gratifying appearance. The characteristic feature performs the important role during the graphic character is being designed. It is able to create clear memory and impression for observers if the features of character were illustrated. The core of the investigation is to clarify the characteristic features demanded in identifying a character and to find out the importance of them. It is found that at least five characteristics …

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Methods For Experience Design: The Experience Design Framework., John Knight, Marie Jefsioutine Nov 2004

Methods For Experience Design: The Experience Design Framework., John Knight, Marie Jefsioutine

DRS Biennial Conference Series

User-Lab provides user centred design services and carries out academic research. This paper describes the development of the Experience Design Framework (EDF) resulting from the interaction between the Lab’s academic and commercial activities. The authors identified a range of negative attitudes to usability suggesting many practitioners did not perceive methods as relevant or useful. The EDF evolved out of an attempt to find methods that were more sympathetic to the concerns and needs of designers and business. The EDF broadens the focus of methods from usability to include accessibility, engagability and benefit. It is based on the idea that this …

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The Role Of Designer-Client Communication In Determining Product Appearance., Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie, P John Clarkson Nov 2004

The Role Of Designer-Client Communication In Determining Product Appearance., Nathan Crilly, James Moultrie, P John Clarkson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reports on a series of interviews with practising industrial design consultants. The difficulties they encounter in communicating with clients on the subject of product appearance are discussed. The effects on the design process, manufacture and subsequent marketing of the product are explored. A preliminary tool is presented for communicating on the subject of consumer response to product appearance. Designers’ views on how this might assist in communicating with their clients are discussed. In closing the paper, suggestions for possible future work are presented and conclusions are drawn.

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Designing Embodied Expressions., Thomas Van Rompay Nov 2004

Designing Embodied Expressions., Thomas Van Rompay

DRS Biennial Conference Series

An intriguing aspect of designed objects is their expressiveness. After all, perceiving objects as expressive comes most natural, but accounting for why an object is expressive is quite another thing. Oftentimes, an object’s expression may be seen as foremost motivated by social or cultural conventions. A hospital, for example, is recognized as being a hospital in part as the result of conventions defining what a hospital should look like. Upon nearing a big white building, brightly lighted from within and showing off many large windows, it doesn’t take too much effort to figure out the building’s purpose. However, next to …

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Fragments, Signs, Systems: Research Into Collaborative Innovation., Jan Coker Nov 2004

Fragments, Signs, Systems: Research Into Collaborative Innovation., Jan Coker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper briefly discusses FRAGMENTS of insight resulting from my research into the design of a curriculum for collaborative innovation. In this curriculum diagrams are employed as visual SIGNS that represent diverse understanding of a problem, they are used by student designers to negotiate the collaborative innovative space. Any design can be viewed as a SYSTEM but the “wicked” problems described later in this paper exist in a globalizing and international context and may now offer opportunities for design of systems solutions that foster social and ecological sustainability.

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Being, Seeing And Being Seen: Accessing The Social Language Of Clothing Style For Use Within Design Research., Fiona Candy, John Mcaleavy Nov 2004

Being, Seeing And Being Seen: Accessing The Social Language Of Clothing Style For Use Within Design Research., Fiona Candy, John Mcaleavy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper will introduce a new approach to the study of clothing and involves visual ethnographic research methods that can support empirical investigation in to the range of personal and social meanings associated with everyday styles of dress. It has been developed as a result of a multidisciplinary collaboration between fashion, video production, illustration, and animation designers. Research has involved street photography, one to one interviews, group clothing workshops, body language video documentation and post production experimentation with animation and rotoscoping digital imaging techniques. Initial findings are that our approach has a variety of potential applications for practitioners and researchers …

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Could Synergies Of Relations In Design Become The Basis For Professional Standards Of Eudaemonia?, John Wood Nov 2004

Could Synergies Of Relations In Design Become The Basis For Professional Standards Of Eudaemonia?, John Wood

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Where Marxism used negative terms such as 'alienation' to characterise the loss of enfranchisement and engagement in industrialised capitalism, this paper outlines positive methods for enhancing well being in education and industry. It develops an idea of John Ruskin (1851) as a possible method for helping designers to design for higher levels of synergy. Here, synergy is defined using ecological systems as a point of reference. If synergy can be mapped as a set of interdependent relations it would be possible to evaluate complex situations in the real world. The paper argues that we reduce synergy by design-related activities that …

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Design As Change Agent., Carlos Teixeira Nov 2004

Design As Change Agent., Carlos Teixeira

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The goal of this study is to discuss the roles and responsibilities of designers in the process of envisioning and promoting change in people’s every day lives. According to Heskett (2002), “design is one of the basic characteristics of what it is to be human, and an essential determinant of the quality of human life. It affects everyone in every detail of every aspect of what they do throughout each day. As such, it matters profoundly. Very few aspects of the material environment are incapable of improvement in some significant way by greater attention being paid to their design.” This …

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Object-Ive Re-Generation - Exploring How Developed Societies Perceive, Use, And Live With High-Tech Sustainable Materials, Objects,And Environments., Timothy Antoniuk Nov 2004

Object-Ive Re-Generation - Exploring How Developed Societies Perceive, Use, And Live With High-Tech Sustainable Materials, Objects,And Environments., Timothy Antoniuk

DRS Biennial Conference Series

After many decades of debate there is little doubt that most of the world’s ecological systems are in decline (Hawkins, et al 4). Ezio Manzini, Professor of Industrial Design and Director of CIRIS, has recently echoed these thoughts and concerns by stating that, for a sustainable society1 industrialized nations must to move towards a point where they are reliant on 10% of their current levels of resource consumption. In light of these realities, and the distinct possibility that no society, as a whole, will readily accept a 90% reduction in its footprint2 (especially without major and immediate changes in international …

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Visual/Verbal Meaning Collaboration In Redefining Interplay., Susan Hagan Nov 2004

Visual/Verbal Meaning Collaboration In Redefining Interplay., Susan Hagan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The study of visual/verbal design has not yet resulted in effective principles of practice and analysis for the designer because our reigning perspectives either recast visual messages as objects to be “read,” reduce textual elements to unexamined “background material,” or remove message interests altogether in order to focus on the “presentation” of ideas separated from the ideas themselves. Given particular goals, these reducibility assumptions can yield reasonable, if incomplete, analyses. This fact explains both the persistence and popularity of these assumptions in light of their limitations. However, these assumptions ignore the status of visual and verbal elements as sui generis …

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On The Implicit Intention In The Incubation And Pre-Inventive Structure Of Creative Design Thinking., Hisataka Noguchi, Yukari Nagai Nov 2004

On The Implicit Intention In The Incubation And Pre-Inventive Structure Of Creative Design Thinking., Hisataka Noguchi, Yukari Nagai

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In recent research on the creative design thinking, it is pointed out that creative design idea often comes from unexpected thinking process. Finke et al. [1] asserted that there is, at first, pre-inventive structure of thinking while designer generates a visual image, and after he/she get an image as the result of the pre-inventive structure he/she explore and interpret them into creative idea. Lawson [2] presented five-stepped model of creative thinking process. In this model, they pointed out that after making effort to analyze design problem, designer often came to relaxed time and seemed to forget the problem, and after …

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Futuregraduate: The Role Of Assessment Within Design Education., Debra Ehmann Nov 2004

Futuregraduate: The Role Of Assessment Within Design Education., Debra Ehmann

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Do assessment practices within graphic design degree programmes emphasise skills and attributes relevant to a design student that no longer exists? This research questions the nature of assessment tasks in design degree programmes and considers how they shape the student experience. The intention is to put forward a model of assessment practice to support learning for understanding, where students engage in discussion, negotiation and argument (Brew 1999) in order to become independent learners.

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Revolutionary Images And Images Of Revolution. Graphic Resistance Through Culture Jamming And Radical Commodities., Brad Haylock Nov 2004

Revolutionary Images And Images Of Revolution. Graphic Resistance Through Culture Jamming And Radical Commodities., Brad Haylock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Culture jamming offers both a practical blueprint and some social theoretical foundation according to which graphic designers might play a consequential role in shaping their world, emancipated from their typical realm of corporate subservience. Culture jamming, however, is obviously not the only means through which graphic design may be of political significance. This article, therefore, is not focussed specifically upon culture jamming; rather, the article is concerned with the broader question of graphic resistance, and particularly also with the question of graphic design’s significance within the context of what might be termed ‘radical commodities’. This paper seeks to argue that …

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An Eye Tracking Technique Towards Form Reasoning In Design Practices., Kuo-Jung Hsieh, Eleanor Jayne Browne Nov 2004

An Eye Tracking Technique Towards Form Reasoning In Design Practices., Kuo-Jung Hsieh, Eleanor Jayne Browne

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Question - how do individuals perceive visual forms in the indication of daily life interactions? The recording of eye movements during task operation can indicate levels of cognitive behaviours that have been considerably difficult to detect in the past. Fixation and saccades data which display ‘intention shift’ and ‘motor system drive’ illustrate how individuals interact with visual stimuli. Two experiments were coordinated to examine the possibility of visual form reasoning investigation in design applications. The broad results indicated that successful communication and decision-making were very likely comprised of three major elements – ‘stimulus presentation’, ‘context’ and ‘personal preference’. However, even …

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Creating Opportunities For Successful Design Decisions In Uncertain Environment., Anssi Tuulenmaki Nov 2004

Creating Opportunities For Successful Design Decisions In Uncertain Environment., Anssi Tuulenmaki

DRS Biennial Conference Series

It is widely recognized that properly conducted early part of the new product development process – conceptualization or fuzzy front end – is vital for new product success. Accurate and timely information during the early phases of the New Product Development (NPD) and design processes reduces rework and lead-time, enables better planning, execution and results. Therefore, the aim of the conceptualization phase can be articulated as in providing information package according to which a decision could be made whether a concept is to be developed further to a product or not. What is the role of the conceptualization in situations …

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Designing On-Line Experiences: Beyond The Tyranny Of Usability., Linda Leung Nov 2004

Designing On-Line Experiences: Beyond The Tyranny Of Usability., Linda Leung

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper critically examines the widely accepted principles of usability in web design. In particular, it investigates the work of Jakob Nielsen, whose name has become synonymous with 'user-friendliness' as a result of popular applications of his 'ten usability heuristics' and argument that Flash is '99% bad'. It interrogates the assumptions embedded in his research, especially the notion that web consumption is predominantly a utilitarian activity. In an infant discipline such as web design, what are the implications for students and practitioners' creative output when such ideas become its theoretical canon? What are the foreseeable consequences when knowledge in the …

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Designing In A Multicultural World., Konstantinos Syrmos, John Boult, Ray Holland Nov 2004

Designing In A Multicultural World., Konstantinos Syrmos, John Boult, Ray Holland

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The purpose of this study is to investigate a new paradigm in consumer behaviour, which is a conceptual framework to study how consumers behave through theoretical categories originating within different cultures. As individuals we belong to different cultures, but all of us belong to a cultural group called consumer culture, where design and branding play a major part when it comes to decision making. Today’s consumers are brand weary. They are surrounded by brands; they use brands and in many occasions identify themselves with the brand.

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Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly Nov 2004

Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design research draws on different research paradigms from both the sciences and the humanities. Two empirical works about design research at the doctoral level demonstrated the emergence of a research paradigm distinct from research in the sciences and the humanities. The first empirical work was a comparative study of ten Ph.D. programmes in design. The selected cases were from different geographical-cultural contexts. The study of each case was divided into three parts: the study of the programme, the study of a selected Ph.D. thesis and an interview with the coordinator of the programme or with a Ph.D. supervisor. The second …

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Towards 100 Actions For The 100 Languages Of Children: The Use Of Ethnographic Methods And Participatory Design To Enable An Investigation Into Children's Learning Using Tangible Media And Digital Technologies., Frank Feltham Nov 2004

Towards 100 Actions For The 100 Languages Of Children: The Use Of Ethnographic Methods And Participatory Design To Enable An Investigation Into Children's Learning Using Tangible Media And Digital Technologies., Frank Feltham

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper takes a look at the opportunities Ethnographic methods including Participant Observation and Participatory Design offers for a context based research into children’s creative learning using tangible media and digital technologies. The intent of this paper is to discuss the study design in terms of its method and intended outcomes. This paper will also discuss some of the issues that have arisen as a result of the study of design of products and services in the information age. The title of the paper refers to the book “The 100 languages of children” (Edwards, Gandini et al. 1993) which documents …

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