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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Consensus In West Virginia Music Education: A Comparison Of Teacher Ideals And State Curriculum., Penelope Saeler Jan 1996

Consensus In West Virginia Music Education: A Comparison Of Teacher Ideals And State Curriculum., Penelope Saeler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present study investigated the ideal music curriculum as discovered in the opinions of general music teachers in West Virginia and compared that ideal curriculum to existing curriculum contained in a representative number of curriculum guides in West Virginia. The study was divided into three parts: (a) part one examined the ideals of teachers through the Delphi technique, (b) part two was an investigation of a representative number of K-8 curriculum guides through a content analysis procedure, and (c) part three determined the amount of agreement between existing curriculum and teacher ideals about curriculum. A two-round Delphi questionnaire was administered …

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Validation Of The Slide Board As An Exercise Modality., Randal Paul Schober Jan 1996

Validation Of The Slide Board As An Exercise Modality., Randal Paul Schober

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to monitor physiological responses of children in grades 4 and 5 during incremental tests on slide board and bicycle exercise and to determine whether children enjoy the slide board as a fitness activity. Twenty healthy subjects (10M, 10F; 10.1 {dollar}\\pm{dollar}.72 yrs) completed maximum continuous tests in 3 minute stages on the slide board, beginning at 40 slides/min, increasing by 10 slides/min each stage; and on the bicycle beginning at 25 watts, increasing by 25 watts each stage. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, VO{dollar}\\sb2{dollar}, and rating of perceived exertion (CERT) were measured at each stage. …

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The Effects Of A Case-Based Hypermedia Environment: A Research Study Examining Behavior Disorder Knowledge Acquisition, User Learning Styles, Student-Generated Reports, Prior Computer Experience, User Time, And Navigational Patterns., Lee Alexander Kraus Jan 1996

The Effects Of A Case-Based Hypermedia Environment: A Research Study Examining Behavior Disorder Knowledge Acquisition, User Learning Styles, Student-Generated Reports, Prior Computer Experience, User Time, And Navigational Patterns., Lee Alexander Kraus

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study looked at (1) the effects of a case-based hypermedia system designed to educate graduate-degree candidates on the process of meeting the needs of students with emotional and behavioral disabilities and (2) the effect of learning styles on this process. It also looked at a series of relationships between (1) prior experience and total time using the hypermedia environment, (2) student-generated reports in the hypermedia system and scores on a knowledge instrument measuring behavior disorders, (3) prior computer experiences of the user and type of navigation of the user, (4) type of navigational patterns and user knowledge of behavior …

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Katelyn's Emergent Literacy Story: A Case Study And Consolidated Literature Review Of The Development Of Literacy From Birth To Three Years., Sherrie Kimberly Wampler Jan 1996

Katelyn's Emergent Literacy Story: A Case Study And Consolidated Literature Review Of The Development Of Literacy From Birth To Three Years., Sherrie Kimberly Wampler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

By definition, the study of emergent literacy must address the literacy development of children from "birth" to "conventional literacy." In actuality, studies of the literacy development of children between the ages of 2 and 4 have become common, while studies regarding literacy development of 1-year-olds is extremely limited and studies beginning at birth even fewer. Through this study, data regarding the language, reading, and writing behaviors of children from birth to three years is identified, consolidated, and confirmed. Two research questions guided this study: (1) What are the emergent literacy behaviors of a child from birth to three years? (2) …

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An Experimental Study Of Fluidically Oscillated Natural Gas Flames: Flow Fields And Emissions., Marshalla Michelle Wright Jan 1996

An Experimental Study Of Fluidically Oscillated Natural Gas Flames: Flow Fields And Emissions., Marshalla Michelle Wright

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The intent of this project was to investigate the flow field and emissions of laterally and radially oscillating natural gas flames produced by slot and axisymmetric fluidic nozzles used as burners. The behavior of flames produced by three nozzles was studied. A parametric study was conducted while visualizing and quantifying the flame flow field and measuring emissions produced by the flame. Nozzle configurations included two different-sized axisymmetric nozzles and one slot nozzle. Flame oscillation frequency varied from zero to 35 Hz; equivalence ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.4. A focusing Schlieren system was designed, constructed, and used to visualize the …

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The Nature Of Experiences Of Four-Year-Olds In Two Russian Preschools., Meredith Evans Kiger Jan 1996

The Nature Of Experiences Of Four-Year-Olds In Two Russian Preschools., Meredith Evans Kiger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study of the nature of experiences of four-year-olds in two Russian preschools as well as an overview of the history and public policies concerning early childhood care and education in the former Soviet Union provide a profile for understanding the effects traditions, beliefs, and policies have on the preschool experiences of young children everywhere. This study was a qualitative approach to portions of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievements' (IEA) cross cultural study of early childhood education and care. Interviews and observations were conducted in two preschools in Moscow, Russia over a four month period beginning …

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Collective Phenomena In A Magnetized Plasma With A Field-Aligned Drift And Inhomogeneous Transverse Flow., Valeri V. Gavrichtchaka Jan 1996

Collective Phenomena In A Magnetized Plasma With A Field-Aligned Drift And Inhomogeneous Transverse Flow., Valeri V. Gavrichtchaka

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Using a general, second-order, nonlocal formalism (Ganguli et al., 1985, 1988, 1994), we find that multiple Inhomogeneous Energy-Density Driven (IEDD) nonlocal eigenmodes with comparable growth rates are possible for a given set of parameters. This is in contrast to local modes and to most of the nonlocal modes, where the "the ground state" is usually most unstable. This finding suggests a possible explanation of the broadband and spiky spectrum of IEDD waves seen in laboratory experiments (Koepke et al., 1994, 1995; Amatucci et al., 1994; Carroll et al., 1996) and in Particle-In-Cell simulations (Nishikawa et al., 1988, 1990). We develop …

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Expressive Endeavors Utilizing Advanced And Emerging Technical Means., Paul Louis Siciliano Jan 1996

Expressive Endeavors Utilizing Advanced And Emerging Technical Means., Paul Louis Siciliano

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Throughout most of known human existence the processes, materials and tools of production were available to individuals involved in both utilitarian and expressive work. Since the Renaissance, however, the exponential growth and sophistication of technology has made it impossible for the majority of artists to gain access to many potential tools for expression. Despite the complexity of myriad technical means, some individuals have been successful in utilizing advanced technologies for expressive purposes. The purpose of this study was to examine the methods these individuals employed to access and apply sophisticated technologies for expressive production. A qualitative research methodology consisting of …

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Energy Conservation Behavior: Description And Analysis Of The Energy Conservation Corps., Carolann Cook Jan 1996

Energy Conservation Behavior: Description And Analysis Of The Energy Conservation Corps., Carolann Cook

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study examined behavioral, attitudinal, and demographic data from households which had participated in an on-site home energy audit service, the Energy Conservation Corps (ECC). Focusing on households which had received home energy audits from 1990 to 1992, the study was designed to develop a demographic profile of ECC audit program participants, ascertain ECC households' perceptions of the benefits of the program and of the influence of the audit on their energy-use behavior, identify factors associated with conservation behavior among ECC households, and obtain information useful in the design of energy education outreach programs. The sample consisted of 421 households …

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An Analysis Of Decision Styles As A Predictor Variable For Levels Of Creativity And/Or Orientations Toward Risk-Taking Of Knowledge Workers., Beth Ann Hill Jan 1996

An Analysis Of Decision Styles As A Predictor Variable For Levels Of Creativity And/Or Orientations Toward Risk-Taking Of Knowledge Workers., Beth Ann Hill

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The problem of this study was to determine if decision styles of knowledge workers could predict a level of creativity and/or an orientation toward risk of knowledge workers. A biographical survey and two self-scoring instruments were administered to each subject. The first instrument, Decision Style Inventory (DSI) by Alan Rowe and Richard Mason classified the subjects according to four basic decision styles: directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. The second instrument, The Creatrix Inventory (C&RT) by Richard Byrd measured the subject's level of creativity and orientation toward risk. There were two primary hypothesis: Hypothesis One examined the statistical strength of the …

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Study Of Jointless Bridge Behavior And Development Of Design Procedures., Hemanth Kumar Thippeswamy Jan 1996

Study Of Jointless Bridge Behavior And Development Of Design Procedures., Hemanth Kumar Thippeswamy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Jointless bridge literature is reviewed and the analytical information on jointless bridge behavior is synthesized in this research. The behavior of jointless bridges is found to depend on superstructure to substructure stiffness ratio, including span length and abutment heights, load types and their combinations, time dependent creep and shrinkage effects, hinge locations, foundation types, soil properties, boundary conditions, approach slab type, approach slab length, and approach slab connection details. The analytical data are generated by conducting a parametric study of hypothetical and real bridges. The data are synthesized to develop a better understanding of jointless bridge behavior. In order to …

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An Assessment Of Chinese Culture Courses In The Colleges And Universities Of The United States And Canada., Zi-Qiao Zhang Jan 1996

An Assessment Of Chinese Culture Courses In The Colleges And Universities Of The United States And Canada., Zi-Qiao Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the content presented in the Chinese culture courses offered in the colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The scope of study was the 83 colleges and universities that have Chinese programs. A questionnaire was created as the tool to solicit information. Before the questionnaire was finally revised, a jury of experts was chosen and their opinions and suggestions were taken to improve the questionnaire. Then, a pilot study was conducted with the refined questionnaire sent to 14 ESOL teachers of Anne Arundel County Public Schools. The feedback of these …

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Soil-Structure-Fluid Interaction By Hybrid Fem-Bem., Chaojin Xu Jan 1996

Soil-Structure-Fluid Interaction By Hybrid Fem-Bem., Chaojin Xu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Soil-structure-fluid systems like U-lock, pipelines, and storage tanks are widely used in engineering practice. Relatively very few works can be found in the literature for the analysis of a soil-structure-fluid system subjected to externally applied loads or seismic excitations. The main purpose of this study is to develop a numerical method for the analysis of a soil-structure-fluid system. In the formulation of the presented numerical method, the flexibility of the thin plate structure is treated with a finite element formulation, while the difficulty in modeling the infinite extent of the soil is overcome by a boundary element formulation. The contained …

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Isoforms Of Sodium,Potassium-Atpase In Rat Erythroblastic Cells., Chun-Shia Chang Jan 1996

Isoforms Of Sodium,Potassium-Atpase In Rat Erythroblastic Cells., Chun-Shia Chang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The sodium pump activity declines rapidly after denucleation of erythroblastic cells. To investigate whether this decrease in the rat erythroblastic cells is due to changes in isoforms of the {dollar}\\alpha{dollar} and {dollar}\\beta{dollar} subunits of the Na,K-ATPase during maturation, techniques of cryoultramicrotomy and immunoelectron microscopy with protein-A-gold were used. Specific antisera against various isoforms of the {dollar}\\alpha{dollar} and {dollar}\\beta{dollar} subunits of rat Na,K-ATPase were used to label the bone marrow and red blood cells of rats. Three types of cells of the erythroid series at different stages of maturation were studied: erythroblasts, reticulocytes and mature red blood cells. It was found …

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Re-Siting Memory: Reading Resistance Through Memorization In Three Margaret Atwood Novels., Uma Devi Palecanda K Jan 1996

Re-Siting Memory: Reading Resistance Through Memorization In Three Margaret Atwood Novels., Uma Devi Palecanda K

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the novels Lady Oracle, The Handmaid's Tale, and Cat's Eye, I locate and name the sites of memory to show how Atwood's protagonists appropriate them as their loci of resistance. The localized sites though marginalized are within the realm of representation; however, the "space-offs," a term I borrow from film theory, are beyond "the ideological." In these sites women create and/or validate counter-discourses that enable them to set up "politics of oppositionality" and provide them with a distance necessary to question the hegemonic. The localization of the sites eventually leads to the body as site. I acknowledge the changing …

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The Americans With Disabilities Act: Considerations For Dental Admissions And Accommodations., Shelia S. Price Jan 1996

The Americans With Disabilities Act: Considerations For Dental Admissions And Accommodations., Shelia S. Price

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To assist U.S. dental schools/colleges in meeting the mandates of the ADA, this study examined the key findings in relevant court cases, explored accommodations that are being made by dental programs, investigated barriers encountered when providing accommodations, and gathered data on admission policies, criteria and procedures. In 1995 a mail survey of all U.S. dental schools/colleges was conducted (N = 54). Forty-five completed questionnaires were returned, yielding 83 percent response. Six dental programs have adopted technical standards. The major skill areas addressed in each of these documents are communication; observation; intellectual-conceptual, integrative and quantitative; behavioral and emotional; and motor abilities. …

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Regulatory Takings: Lobbying, Coalitions, And Influence., Randolph Rutherford Moffett Jan 1996

Regulatory Takings: Lobbying, Coalitions, And Influence., Randolph Rutherford Moffett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There is a substantial body of literature examining the role of interest groups and their influence in the policy process. What is less clear is the decision-making process of groups in selecting strategies to advance their goals and how the choice of tactics impacts the behavior of other groups within the policy area. This dissertation examines what influences the choice of lobbying strategies in an attempt to understand whether certain types of groups favor particular strategies, how they use the policy process to influence policy decisions, and how successful they are in their choice of strategy. This study examines the …

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Identification And Analysis Of Communication Patterns In An Ihe With A Downsized Unit., William Earl Noone Jan 1996

Identification And Analysis Of Communication Patterns In An Ihe With A Downsized Unit., William Earl Noone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a case study of the University of Maryland at College Park for the purpose of analyzing the communication patterns that may have been responsible for the success of UMCP's downsizing process. On campus interviews with key persons were conducted to identify the flow of communication through the UMCP authority hierarchy. The findings of this study indicated that the communication, that appears to have had a positive effect on the success of the process at the UMCP, is manifest at the decision making level and between and among the decision making bodies that are in operation on the …

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An Investigation Of Gender Equity In The Medical Coverage And Injury Prevention Of Basketball Programs As Identified By Head Athletic Trainers At Ncaa Division I Colleges And Universities., Joseph Alan Beckett Jan 1996

An Investigation Of Gender Equity In The Medical Coverage And Injury Prevention Of Basketball Programs As Identified By Head Athletic Trainers At Ncaa Division I Colleges And Universities., Joseph Alan Beckett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender equity in medical coverage and injury prevention of basketball programs at NCAA Division I colleges and universities. The population for this study were 100 randomly sampled head athletic trainers at NCAA Division I colleges and universities that compete in both men's and women's basketball. Each participant was mailed a survey packet containing a cover letter and a questionnaire. The total return rate was 69%. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis Systems. Analyses of Variance, Chi-Square, frequency distributions, and Duncan's Multiple Range Tests were used to answer the two research …

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The Dynamic Ssi Of A Shallow Buried Plate Under Impact Loading., Shen-En Chen Jan 1996

The Dynamic Ssi Of A Shallow Buried Plate Under Impact Loading., Shen-En Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Soil is a particulate material, which provides a unique behavior when interacting with its adjacent structure. The dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) phenomenon involving in a shallow-buried flexible plate under impact loading is studied. The objective of this study is to understand this interaction process, which has caused load-relieves on the buried plate. The investigation includes an experimental reproduction of the phenomenon and numerical simulation. Plexiglass plates were used as a buried flexible roof structure, and low-velocity impact loadings were generated into the soil. Measurements of the interaction loads between the sand and the plate, and the accelerations of the buried …

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A Historical Study Of Educational Reform Policy In Morocco., Abdellah Benahnia Jan 1996

A Historical Study Of Educational Reform Policy In Morocco., Abdellah Benahnia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Though information about literacy development in Morocco can be often found in professional publications, little has been done in regard to the impact of the socio-cultural, economic, and political variables on the development of educational policy in that country. This study has historically examined the educational reform policy in the independent Kingdom of Morocco in order to see how the above variables have affected the implementation of most major policies that had taken place. It also examined the role of the indigenous Islamic traditional type of education; the role of Salafiyya movement in creating a unique type of nationalism; and …

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Molecular Analyses Of Motility And Chemotaxis Genes And Their Organization In Borrelia Burgdorferi., Yigong Ge Jan 1996

Molecular Analyses Of Motility And Chemotaxis Genes And Their Organization In Borrelia Burgdorferi., Yigong Ge

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Motility and chemotaxis have been considered as important candidates for the study of virulence in many pathogenic spirochetes, including B. burgdorferi. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of motility and chemotaxis. In this study, we have carried out an extensive search for the motility and chemotaxis genes in B. burgdorferi. The unique technique of "semi-random PCR chromosome walking" was developed and used to clone several large motility and chemotaxis gene clusters. Together with the previously reported flaB and flgE genes, 38 motility and chemotaxis related genes (more than 36 kb) were identified. These genes demonstrated extensive homology with their …

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The Process Of Home-Based Early Intervention: A Case Study Of A Family Educator In An Appalachian Community., Carole Ann Gnatuk Jan 1996

The Process Of Home-Based Early Intervention: A Case Study Of A Family Educator In An Appalachian Community., Carole Ann Gnatuk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many parents need support and intervention from the community to realize their essential role as their young children's primary teachers. Home visitation is one type of family support program that supplies that need. Although some measurable outcomes for children and parents in such programs have been noted, the dynamics of the action between the catalyst for development, the family educator, and family members cannot be measured quantitatively. Programming and funding decisions can be made with more accuracy if the rich human interactions are systematically narrated and thus appreciated as essential data. The research literature contains few qualitative studies focusing on …

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Visual And Iconographic Design Principles: Implications For Computer-Assisted Instruction., Lindia Lee Gordon Jan 1996

Visual And Iconographic Design Principles: Implications For Computer-Assisted Instruction., Lindia Lee Gordon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to provide educators and developers of computer-assisted instruction with a validated, concise list of visual and iconographic design principles that should be considered when designing graphical icons to stimulate learning as a part of the user interface of their courseware packages in order to create more effective learning. A panel of 12 experts in a modified Delphi study identified and validated visual and iconographic design principles necessary in the development of icons for CAI. As a result of this study, 37 visual and iconographic design principles were identified and validated. The final conclusions of …

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Childhood Immunizations In Rural West Virginia: Identification Of Immunization Barriers And Development Of Persuasion Strategies., Prasanna Rameshchandra Gore Jan 1996

Childhood Immunizations In Rural West Virginia: Identification Of Immunization Barriers And Development Of Persuasion Strategies., Prasanna Rameshchandra Gore

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunization rates among two-year old children continue to be low in many areas of the United States including West Virginia. The overall goal of this study was to identify barriers to childhood immunization in rural West Virginia, determine factors that are important in the timely completion of the childhood immunization schedule, develop and validate immunization persuasion messages, and determine which message strategy, fear, motherhood-arousal or rational is most effective in attracting mothers' attention to their child's past-due immunization status. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, a telephone survey was used …

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Development Of Ultrasonic Techniques For Detection Of Internal Defects In Highway Concrete Structures., Allakbar Afshari Jan 1996

Development Of Ultrasonic Techniques For Detection Of Internal Defects In Highway Concrete Structures., Allakbar Afshari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The use of ultrasonic technique for detection of internal flaw and delamination in concrete structures is extremely difficult. In this research all traditional techniques were precisely studied and four new inspection techniques were developed which could be practically applied in testing concrete structures. The developed techniques are: (1) Detached Receiver Through Transmission technique(DRTT); (2) Direct testing of rebars in concrete structures; (3) Semi-Through Transmission Technique(STT); (4) Detached Receiver Pitch-Catch Technique(DRPC). All four of the developed techniques have low signal responses and resolution is critical. The detached receiver techniques have low responses because most of the signal is reflected at the …

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Assessing The Impact Of The West Virginia K-12 Ruralnet Project On Teachers' Views., Thomas P. Ditty Jan 1996

Assessing The Impact Of The West Virginia K-12 Ruralnet Project On Teachers' Views., Thomas P. Ditty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Teachers play a key role in implementing curriculum changes in the science classroom. The evaluation of teachers' views regarding the relationships that exist between science, technology, and society can strengthen the link between curricular reforms and the content that students' acquire in their learning experiences and contribute to the improvement of preservice and inservice teacher education programs. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if participation in the West Virginia K-12 RuralNet Project has impacted teachers' views about science, technology, and society interactions. This investigation employed a matched-group quasi-experimental research design which involved 58 West Virginia (K-12) teachers. The …

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Analysis Of Chromosomal Aberrations In Mice Chronically Fed Carcinogens., Alison Erika Director Jan 1996

Analysis Of Chromosomal Aberrations In Mice Chronically Fed Carcinogens., Alison Erika Director

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

C57BL/6 female mice were used to analyze the effect on chromosomes of chronic ingestion of a single mutagen. Three known carcinogens were analyzed: 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5-b) pyridine (PhIP), cyclophosphamide (CP) and urethane (ethyl carbamate, EC). Exposures to PhIP were in powdered rodent chow. The endpoints analyzed were chromosome aberrations as measured by chromosome painting for mouse chromosomes 2 and 8, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronucleated erythrocytes (MN NCEs). Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow by chromosome painting was done at 4 weeks and 16 weeks; no significant increases in the frequency of aberrations were seen. A significant increase …

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Silica-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation And Fibrosis: Toxicological Implications And Pharmacological Modulation., Michael Dimatteo Jan 1996

Silica-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation And Fibrosis: Toxicological Implications And Pharmacological Modulation., Michael Dimatteo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human exposure to silica is of great occupational concern as it is marked by pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. The present work was performed to investigate, characterize, and modulate the responses that occur as a result of silica exposure. The intratracheal instillation of silica to rats results in pulmonary fibrosis but the cellular processes involved in the development of the chronic disease have not been well characterized. The hypothesis of this study was that pharmacological intervention early in the silica-induced inflammatory cascade will attenuate fibrosis development. The acute phase response to silica appears by 2 hours after instillation as evidenced by …

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Partial Isolation Of The Vitellogenin I Gene And The Characterization Of The Regulation For The Egg Yolk Protein Genes., Robert Stephen Edinger Jan 1996

Partial Isolation Of The Vitellogenin I Gene And The Characterization Of The Regulation For The Egg Yolk Protein Genes., Robert Stephen Edinger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The chicken egg yolk protein genes, vitellogenin (VTG) I, II, III, and the very low density apolipoprotein II (apoVLDLII), are highly expressed in hepatic parenchymal cells in an estrogen-dependent manner. Compared to the other egg yolk protein genes which respond in approximately 2-4 hours after the primary administration of estrogen, the VTGI does not respond for about 20 hours. The mechanism of activation of the egg yolk protein genes is not completely known. Of the VTG genes VTGII and III promoter regions have been isolated and characterized, whereas the promoter region of the VTGI gene has yet to be identified. …

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