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Articles 3451 - 3480 of 5148
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Life Stories Of Selected Adults With Learning Disabilities: How They Come To Understand And Choose To Reveal Their Disabilities, Christine M. Sampson
Life Stories Of Selected Adults With Learning Disabilities: How They Come To Understand And Choose To Reveal Their Disabilities, Christine M. Sampson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Adults with learning disabilities continue to be impacted by their disabilities throughout their lives. Once they exit formal education, the disclosure of the disability becomes a personal choice. Previous research proposes that although the effects of disabilities are present in the workplace, individuals with learning disabilities are hesitant to disclose their disabilities or request accommodations. Ten adults with learning disabilities were interviewed for this qualitative study to determine how individuals with learning disabilities come to understand and disclose their disabilities. The results suggest that the understanding of what a learning disability means is based upon several factors including the words …
The Effect Of A Flaxseed-Oil Enhanced Diet On The Shelf Life And Sensory Characteristics Of Farmed Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis), Courtney Anne Simmons
The Effect Of A Flaxseed-Oil Enhanced Diet On The Shelf Life And Sensory Characteristics Of Farmed Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis), Courtney Anne Simmons
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The effect of dietary modification with flaxseed-oil (Flax) enhanced feed on the sensory characteristics and shelf life of brook trout fillets was examined. The diets were composed of a commercial feed supplemented with either fish oil (control diet, CD) or Flax (treatment diet).
Examining The Protective Effects Of Sesamol On Oxidative Stress Associated Blood -Brain Barrier Dysfunction In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Reyna Vangilder
Examining The Protective Effects Of Sesamol On Oxidative Stress Associated Blood -Brain Barrier Dysfunction In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Reyna Vangilder
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Many studies point to vascular dysfunction as an underlying cause for the increased incidence of cognitive dysfunction and risk for development of Alzheimer's disease during diabetes. Vascular dysfunction is not an uncommon occurrence in patients with diabetes and microvascular dysfunction commonly leads to clinical complications such as blindness, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney failure. Microangiopathies of the retina, kidney, and peripheral nerves have been well-characterized; however, the effects of diabetes on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function have been understudied.;Pathophysiological changes defining microvascular dysfunction include basement membrane thickening, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and increased paracellular leakage. Increased paracellular leakage of the BBB suggests a functional …
Characterizing The Relation Between Depressive Symptoms And Parkinson's Disease In A Sample Of Swedish Twins, Rebecca K. Widoe
Characterizing The Relation Between Depressive Symptoms And Parkinson's Disease In A Sample Of Swedish Twins, Rebecca K. Widoe
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Depression commonly co-occurs with Parkinson's disease (PD). Psychosocial stressors and biochemical changes associated with PD have both been implicated in the etiology of depression in PD. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether genetic or environmental influences contribute to the increased risk for depressive symptoms among individuals with PD in a population of twins. Among individuals with PD, 24% endorsed a moderate-severe level of depressive symptoms, and 64% endorsed at least a mild level of depressive symptoms. Case-control results indicated that PD is a significant risk factor for both mild (OR = 3.11, CI = 1.82-5.31) and …
Understanding Emotional Pain: A Preliminary Investigation, Ben Weinstein
Understanding Emotional Pain: A Preliminary Investigation, Ben Weinstein
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to examine the construct of emotional pain, as well as its relation to other affective and sensory states. There were 250 undergraduates who signed into an online data collection mechanism and were randomly assigned to five groups in which they wrote a vignette about a personal experience. Participants who indicated they previously had experienced the situation wrote a personal account about an emotionally painful, physically painful, traumatic, depressing, or joyful situation. Additionally, participants completed questionnaires to describe emotional state, pain descriptions, anxiety sensitivity and possible symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder associated with …
Key Elements Of The Esl/Efl Teacher Preparation Program At The University Of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia: Efl Practitioners And Faculty Perceptions., Asmaa Shaei Alshuaifan
Key Elements Of The Esl/Efl Teacher Preparation Program At The University Of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia: Efl Practitioners And Faculty Perceptions., Asmaa Shaei Alshuaifan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This investigation was designed to determine the perceptions of ESL/EFL faculty members and ESL/EFL practitioners teaching in Girls’ Public Schools in the city of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, towards key components of the ESL/EFL teacher preparation program, major goals and curriculum of EFL teaching in public schools. This research tested if the difference of teaching level (university vs. grade school) causes a difference in the perceptions of EFL/ESL faculty or EFL/ESL practitioners. The data was gathered from two main sources which are university level, University of Ha’il, and grade school level (i.e., elementary, intermediate, secondary). A survey was used for this …
Removal Of Phosphorus/Selenium From Aqueous Solutions By Adsorption Processes, Shilpa Bhojappa
Removal Of Phosphorus/Selenium From Aqueous Solutions By Adsorption Processes, Shilpa Bhojappa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study includes two parts: (1) Acid mine drainage (AMD) sludge, a waste product from coal mine water treatment, was used as an adsorbent to develop a cost-effective treatment approach to phosphorus removal from municipal secondary effluents. (2) Synthesized nano-magnetite was used as an adsorbent to develop an innovative technology for selenium removal from aqueous solutions. Each case involved a series of batch adsorption experiments conducted to evaluate adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and adsorptive thermodynamics. The effects of pH, temperature, concentration, contact time, and competing anions on the concerned pollutant removal were examined as well.;Adsorption of phosphorus onto AMD sludge …
Steroid Analysis By Ph-Mediated Stacking Mekc, Liliya Bykova
Steroid Analysis By Ph-Mediated Stacking Mekc, Liliya Bykova
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation is based on research that led to the development and application of capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of sex steroid hormones in the blood or plasma of fish species. The analysis of steroid hormones is essential to reveal chemical compounds that are suspected in endocrine disruption, but it is challenging due to the similarity of the chemical structures of steroids, their low concentrations, and limited volumes of plasma or blood samples in fish available for analysis. There is therefore an acute need to develop reliable accurate and systematic analytical methods applicable for the analysis of structurally similar …
Ecological Responses Of Streams To Anthropogenic Stressors, And Watershed Cause-Effect Modeling In The Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region Of The United States, Yushun Chen
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Urban sprawl and related habitat disturbance and acidic deposition are major anthropogenic stressors in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the United States. Little information is available about the impacts of these stressors and cause-effect relationships between these watershed stressors and stream biotic/abiotic conditions in this region. A 10-year study (1997-2006) in the Lost River watershed and a 6-year study (2002-2007) in a South Branch Potomac River watershed were conducted to assess the impacts of Corridor H highway construction on stream biotic and abiotic conditions. Also, a three-decade study (1980-2006) using data from 5 wet deposition stations and 21 major stream …
Applications Of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (Uplc) And Tandem Mass Spectrometry For The Detection And Quantification Of Cocaine, Amphetamine, And Opiate Derivatives In Human Meconium, Joshua Adam Gunn
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Development and validation of ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methodologies for the purpose of detecting and quantifying common drugs of abuse in human meconium specimens is described. Meconium is the first stool passed by a newborn infant. Meconium formation occurs over several months of gestation and subsequent toxicological analysis of the specimens can be useful for identifying drugs and other xenobiotics indicative of prenatal drug exposure.;Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is an emerging analytical technique which draws upon the principles of chromatography to run separations at higher flow rates for increased speed, while simultaneously achieving superior resolution …
Acidic Deposition Effects On Above- And Belowground Wood Biomass And Nutrient Status In A Young Hardwood Forest, Brittany Anne Johnson
Acidic Deposition Effects On Above- And Belowground Wood Biomass And Nutrient Status In A Young Hardwood Forest, Brittany Anne Johnson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The impact of acid deposition on forest productivity has been studied extensively during the past 30 years. Mixed results abound due to variations in forest age, species composition, land use history, climate, and different experimental procedures. However, most results suggest alterations in productivity and nutrient status as a result of elevated acid deposition. The Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) site in the Fernow Experimental Forest served as the study site; it was initiated with the purpose of observing the impact of forest management and air quality on biomass production and nutrient cycling (Adams et al. 2004). In its entirety, this experiment …
Lifestyle Behaviors And Illness Related Factors As Predictors Of Recurrent Headache In Us Adolescents, Suzy Mascaro Walter
Lifestyle Behaviors And Illness Related Factors As Predictors Of Recurrent Headache In Us Adolescents, Suzy Mascaro Walter
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Purpose. Successful management of recurrent headache among adolescents requires an understanding of the lifestyle behaviors (skipping meals, water intake, tobacco use, alcohol use, and physical activity) and illness related factors (depression, somatic complaints, insomnia and obesity) reported to be associated with this headache type. This study describes a multivariate model demonstrating how lifestyle behaviors and illness related factors work together to predict recurrent headache in an adolescent population.;Method. A descriptive, cross-sectional, secondary analysis using survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) (1996) will be reported. Add Health is a large database providing a nationally representative …
Examining The Role Of Entrepreneurship In Economic Development In Appalachia, Maribel N. Mojica
Examining The Role Of Entrepreneurship In Economic Development In Appalachia, Maribel N. Mojica
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Increasing uncertainty in the world economy has created challenges for regions to pursue development strategies to achieve economic growth. Globalization, increased marketing integration, and the advent of new technologies led to approaches from traditional industrial recruiting to less traditional approaches. Among these latter approaches is the increased importance of entrepreneurship for creating economic growth through establishment of new firms or growth from established firms. Exploring the characteristics of entrepreneurship and its contributions to the local economy can help develop a map for designing specific development policies for Appalachia.;The main objective of the study is to determine the relationship between regional …
The Effect Of Attentional Bias On Suggestibility, Elizabeth E. Stacom
The Effect Of Attentional Bias On Suggestibility, Elizabeth E. Stacom
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Research implies that individuals with high anxiety levels may be more accurate in response to misleading questions when compared to individuals with low anxiety levels (Ridley & Clifford, 2004; Ridley, Clifford, & Keogh, 2002). This effect may be because individuals with high anxiety levels demonstrate an attentional memory bias toward threatening stimuli. The present study investigated whether a high versus low attentional bias affects suggestibility. Seventy participants completed a visual probe task to measure attentional bias. Next, participants were presented with 11 threatening pictures. Each picture was followed by a distractor task. Participants were then asked two misleading and two …
State-Wide Fish Tissue Contaminants Survey And Effects Of Feeding Type, Season And Gender On Fish Tissue Contamination Levels, Kenneth L. Stewart
State-Wide Fish Tissue Contaminants Survey And Effects Of Feeding Type, Season And Gender On Fish Tissue Contamination Levels, Kenneth L. Stewart
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Fish tissue fillets from benthic, predator, and mixed diet species were collected from 24 different watersheds in West Virginia. Composite samples were prepared from three to six fish fillets collected at each site, and concentrations of the chemical contaminants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury were determined for each composite sample. Differences in contaminant concentrations among three major categories of feeding type (predator, benthic, and mixed diet) were examined. Differences due to species of fish and among watersheds were also examined. Predators had significantly higher mercury concentrations than benthic or mixed diet feeders and benthic feeding fish had significantly higher PCB …
Dispositional Mindfulness And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Sensory Rejection And Sensory Intake Tasks, Paula R. Prentice
Dispositional Mindfulness And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Sensory Rejection And Sensory Intake Tasks, Paula R. Prentice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Mindfulness is a trained or dispositional state of "being" that has been linked to positive mental and physical health effects. Although preliminary findings on cortical activation have shown mindfulness to be associated with increased frontal activation and reduced limbic activity, very little is known regarding the influence of mindfulness on autonomic nervous system activity. The present study sought to determine how participants varying in self-reported levels of dispositional mindfulness reacted to tasks differing on attention to environmental stimuli. Cardiovascular reactivity [heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] to a sensory intake task (computerized reaction time …
Health Promotion During Midlife: The Influence Of Internal Health Locus Of Control And Future Time Perspective, Sarah T. Stahl
Health Promotion During Midlife: The Influence Of Internal Health Locus Of Control And Future Time Perspective, Sarah T. Stahl
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Health promoting behaviors are typically categorized as behaviors that move individuals towards optimal health while concurrently decreasing one's susceptibility to disease and illness (Becker & Arnold, 2004; Breslow, 1999). When compared to other developmental age periods, less is known about health promotion in midlife (Merrill & Verbrugge, 1999). Thus, the present study examined the relations among demographic variables, future time perspective, internal health locus of control, and middle-aged adults' engagement in health promotion. Data from 109 middle-aged adults between the ages of 40 and 66 were collected via an online survey. Results indicated that the data fit the model poorly …
High Performance Web Based Automated Dental Identification System, Ali Bahu
High Performance Web Based Automated Dental Identification System, Ali Bahu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Forensic scientists are using different kinds of systems and techniques for the identification of missing and deceased individuals. Researchers from West Virginia University, Michigan State University, and University of Miami proposed an Automated Dental Identification System (ADIS) which utilizes dental features for the post mortem identification process. A web-based ADIS, namely Web-ADIS, was developed. The initial testing shows that the system can be used efficiently with a small database.;A new and improved system design has been proposed in this research enabling practical use of the ADIS with a large database. We designate this new system as High Performance Web Automated …
End -Of -Life Care Training In Medical School: An Examination Of Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, Preparedness To Provide Care, And The Hidden Curriculum., Emily H. Bower
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
End-of-life (EOL) care discussions between physicians and patients promote positive patient health outcomes (Stewart, 1995). However, medical students receive limited training in EOL care (Sullivan, Lakoma, & Block, 2003). To be able to improve curricula, it is important to understand the current training experience and its effects on student attitudes and behavior. The purpose of the current study was twofold: (1) to examine predictors of self-rated preparation to provide EOL care, and (2) to examine predictors of attitudes about EOL care in a medical student population. Additionally, the moderating effect of “hidden†or informal curriculum on the relation between learning …
Assessment Of Social Anxiety In Early Childhood: Initial Test Construction And *Validation., Daniel B. Chorney
Assessment Of Social Anxiety In Early Childhood: Initial Test Construction And *Validation., Daniel B. Chorney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Social anxiety is experienced across the lifespan, with many individuals reporting symptoms of anxiety and shyness from a very early age in childhood. A number of measures have been designed to assess social anxiety in children, adolescents, and adults, yet little attention has been focused on children below 8 years of age. While some debate exists concerning children's ability to reliably report symptoms of anxiety in early childhood, recent research has indicated that accurate data can be obtained if the measures utilized are developmentally sensitive and not simply downward extensions of measures used to examine social anxiety in adults. Obtaining …
Aging And Gender In The Coronary Microcirculation: Effects Of Oxygen And Hydrogen Peroxide., Lori S. Kang
Aging And Gender In The Coronary Microcirculation: Effects Of Oxygen And Hydrogen Peroxide., Lori S. Kang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Study I examined the effects of aging and reactive oxygen species on flow-mediated vasodilation in coronary arterioles. Isolated coronary arterioles of young (4 mo) and aged (24 mo) male Fisher 344 rats were subjected to stepwise increases in flow (0–50 nL/sec) in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic Tempol (100 µM), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2) scavenger catalase (100 U/mL), Tempol + catalase, or Tempol + deferoxamine (100 µM), an iron chelator and inhibitor of hydroxyl radical formation. Flow-induced nitric oxide (NO) and H2O 2 production decline with age, as measured by diaminofluorescein (DAF) and dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, …
Development And Verification Of A Laboratory For The Emissions Testing Of Locomotive Engines, Michael R. Shahan
Development And Verification Of A Laboratory For The Emissions Testing Of Locomotive Engines, Michael R. Shahan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
West Virginia University (WVU) currently has a Transportable Emissions Laboratory capable of measuring the exhaust constituents produced by a heavy duty diesel engine. The laboratory has the capability of measuring the exhaust constituents from a partial exhaust stream of a locomotive diesel engine. As the field of locomotive engine emissions testing broadens, it has become desirable for WVU to develop a laboratory that is capable of sampling the gaseous exhaust constituents produced by a locomotive engine from a raw, undiluted gas stream, in tandem with a partial flow dilution tunnel system for particulate matter. This document provides the design philosophy …
Development Of Outdoor Recreation Resource Amenity Indices For West Virginia, Jing Wang
Development Of Outdoor Recreation Resource Amenity Indices For West Virginia, Jing Wang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Tourism has been playing an increasingly important role in the economic development and promotion for the state of West Virginia. However, how tourism resources are spatially distributed across all the states' 55 counties and have not received much attention. This study could be among the first of its kind in West Virginia to create an inventory database for 21 types of major outdoor recreation/nature-based tourism resources, and spatially examine their distribution across counties. The quantity of tourism resources is determined by measuring their actual size, length, or number, and the quality of the resources is determined by using the Analytic …
Evaluation Of Weaning Regimen And Seminal Plasma Biology On Reproductive Management In Cattle, John Fredrick Odhiambo
Evaluation Of Weaning Regimen And Seminal Plasma Biology On Reproductive Management In Cattle, John Fredrick Odhiambo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The goal of any reproductive management system in cattle is to ensure that cows breed at the earliest opportune time and maintain their pregnancy to term. However, delayed resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclic activity in primiparous beef cows and pregnancy losses in dairy cows continue to impede progress in obtaining sound reproductive efficiency in these species. Three studies were designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Does removal of lactational stress in beef cows by early weaning of calves improve cow energy profile and postpartum reproductive performance? (2) Does artificial insemination (AI) with adjunctive seminal plasma (SP) or transforming growth …
Faculty Incorporation Of Liberal Essential Learning Outcomes, Shifang Li
Faculty Incorporation Of Liberal Essential Learning Outcomes, Shifang Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In 2007, the Association of American Colleges and Universities recommended a set of Essential Learning Outcomes as objectives for twenty-first-century college learning. This study examined to what extent Essential Learning Outcomes are endorsed by faculty members with different teaching experience, across academic disciplines, Carnegie Classifications, institution types of controls, and accreditation regions.;Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (FSSE) 2004 data were used for this study with permission from the Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research. ANOVA, t test, were used for hypothesis tests. Regression and multiple regressions were used to calculate effect sizes, which quantified the differences between groups.;The major findings …
Exploring West Virginia Diabetes Educators' Perceptions Of And Experiences With Integrating Internet Technology In Their Practice, Elizabeth Quintana
Exploring West Virginia Diabetes Educators' Perceptions Of And Experiences With Integrating Internet Technology In Their Practice, Elizabeth Quintana
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of the study was to explore how diabetes educators integrate Internet technology in their medical practice. The study focused on diabetes educators' perceptions and experiences using the Internet to provide diabetes education and how this educational strategy has influenced their diabetes educator-patient relationships.;Employing both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, the research population of this study involved 41 diabetes educators working in West Virginia. The quantitative research method consisted of a survey with a series of correlational analyses to describe perceptions and use of computer and Internet that diabetes educators employed in their practice. The qualitative case study followed …
Design Taking Action: A Holistic Approach To Design Problem Solving Applied To Disease Education, Kelly C. Barkhurst
Design Taking Action: A Holistic Approach To Design Problem Solving Applied To Disease Education, Kelly C. Barkhurst
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The role of designer, in fact the entire design field, has changed significantly over the past 15 years. Described broadly, my current view of design is that of a problem solving activity---visually and abstractly. This paper discusses my influences and views of the roles of contemporary designers within the context of a collaborative health education project.;The design of the TakeAction! Addressing Asthma and Diabetes in West Virginia Public Schools CD-ROM teaching tool was the basis of my thesis project. This project was initiated by the West Virginia Asthma Coalition's School and Pediatrics Committee and funded by the West Virginia Department …
A Systematic Approach To History Matching Cbm Production On A Complex Reservoir For A Pilot Test In Marshall County, Wv, Us, Cesar A. Silva Molero
A Systematic Approach To History Matching Cbm Production On A Complex Reservoir For A Pilot Test In Marshall County, Wv, Us, Cesar A. Silva Molero
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Effective history matching of a simulation model with real data from the field requires the resolution of three outstanding issues. First, a conflict may exist between the production data and the existing geological model built from static information. Second, during model updates, geological consistency must be maintained by honoring the prior geologic information. Third, uncertainties related to mechanical and operational issues must be taken into account.;The objective of this study is to build a realistic simulation model able to predict future behavior of a complex CBM reservoir for a CO2 sequestration pilot project in Marshall County, WV by using a …
An Examination Of Liability, Duty, And Disclaimers For The Pleasure Horse Industry In West Virginia And Other States, Jennifer L. Poling
An Examination Of Liability, Duty, And Disclaimers For The Pleasure Horse Industry In West Virginia And Other States, Jennifer L. Poling
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In an effort to protect equine professionals, horse owners, and equestrian participants from liability associated with injury, 45 of 50 states have enacted Equine Activity Statutes. Many of these statutes vary widely with regard to the individuals and types of activities that are afforded protection. Under most state laws there are many requirements for horse owners and equine professionals regarding disclosure of dangerous behaviors in the horse, past medical problems, soundness issues, and other types of risks to potential buyers and handlers. Facility operators and owners are also required to make reasonable efforts to repair dangerous equipment and/or warn visitors …
Impulsivity And Trauma Exposure In Adolescents, Lisa B. Greene
Impulsivity And Trauma Exposure In Adolescents, Lisa B. Greene
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Trauma exposure is prevalent among adolescents and may have a negative impact on social, educational, and occupational functioning. Research indicates that individual-level variables, such as impulsivity, may be risk factors for exposure to traumatic events but the findings have been mixed. This study examined the relation between impulsivity and accidental trauma exposure using a multi-method, multi-informant procedure with a community sample of 48 adolescents. Mean age was 15.2 (SD = 1.38) and the sample was predominantly female (62.5%) and predominantly Caucasian (87.5%). No significant difference was noted between genders in terms of number of traumatic events reported. As a whole, …