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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 10916
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Influence Of Preharvest Management Strategies In Beef Cattle On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality, Erin Gubbels
Influence Of Preharvest Management Strategies In Beef Cattle On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality, Erin Gubbels
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The overall goal of this thesis project was to better understand the influence of preharvest management strategies at critical growth and development periods on beef performance and meat quality. This was accomplished through two primary objectives: 1) to investigate the effects of maternal prepartum dietary energy source during mid- and late-gestation on growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of offspring and 2) to compare the influence of two low stress weaning methods with conventional weaning on post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of steers. For objective 1, Angus-based cows from two sources (n = 129 from South Dakota State University, …
Study On The Human Gut Bacteria Under Different Ecological Conditions: Antibiotic Perturbation And Dietary Quercetin, Shruti Shashidharan Menon
Study On The Human Gut Bacteria Under Different Ecological Conditions: Antibiotic Perturbation And Dietary Quercetin, Shruti Shashidharan Menon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The human intestine encompasses a vast community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota that play a crucial role in maintaining health. Common perturbations such as changes in the normal diet, antibiotic treatment, and changes in environmental conditions can alter the gut microbiome. This can create dysbiosis in the gut leading to disease conditions. Therefore, it becomes important to determine the forces that influence the gut microbial ecology. In the first study, we focus on antibiotic perturbations on microbial succession and resilience in a synthetic consortium consisting of the most prevalent gut bacteria in humans. In addition, we investigated the …
Analysis Of Metabolites And Therapeutics For Toxic Inhaled Agent Exposure, Abigail Bemah Donkor
Analysis Of Metabolites And Therapeutics For Toxic Inhaled Agent Exposure, Abigail Bemah Donkor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The inhalation of toxic inhaled agents (TIAs) such as methyl isocyanate and cyanide can compromise an individual’s general health due to their extremely toxic nature. Nonetheless, these gases are used extensively in the electronics, chemical, welding, electroplating industries, etc., increasing the risk of exposure to both civilians and industrial workers. It is therefore very crucial to develop analytical methods for TIA metabolites and therapeutic agents. Methyl isocyanate (MIC), an intermediate in the synthesis of carbamate pesticides is a toxic industrial chemical that causes irritation and damage to the eyes, respiratory tracts, and skin. Due to its reactivity with proteins, protein …
Quantifying The Benefits Of The Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program (Efnep) Using Biomarkers For Chronic Disease Risk, Richard Acquah-Sarpong
Quantifying The Benefits Of The Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program (Efnep) Using Biomarkers For Chronic Disease Risk, Richard Acquah-Sarpong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is among the major nutrition education programs funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) with the aim of reducing food insecurity among low-income families. The program reaches about 70,000 adults and youth of low-income families in the US, District of Columbia, and six U.S. territories. Prior studies have used self-reported data, which possesses measurement errors, to estimate the benefits of the program. This can lead to underestimation or overestimation of results. To address this limitation, I use clinically measured objective biomarkers, such as body mass index (BMI), blood sugar level …
Comparison Of Software Packages For Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes From Single-Sample Rna-Seq Data, Rong Zhou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has rapidly become the tool in many genome-wide transcriptomic studies. It provides a way to understand the RNA environment of cells in different physiological or pathological states to determine how cells respond to these changes. RNA-seq provides quantitative information about the abundance of different RNA species present in a given sample. If the difference or change observed in the read counts or expression level between two experimental conditions is statistically significant, the gene is declared as differentially expressed. A large number of methods for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with RNA-seq have been developed, such as the methods …
Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Sympatric Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) And Coyotes (Canis Latrans) In An Agricultural Landscape, Marlin M. Dart
Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Sympatric Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) And Coyotes (Canis Latrans) In An Agricultural Landscape, Marlin M. Dart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations experienced declines in the Midwest during the 20th century due to land conversion for agriculture and over exploitation and were practically nonexistent in areas by the 1970-80s. Populations have been recovering following changes in land-use practices and habitat improvement. Eastern South Dakota was closed to bobcat harvest in 1977 but reopened in 2012 to select counties. Bobcats are elusive, have large home ranges, and occur at low densities, making monitoring their populations difficult. Camera trapping is an effective tool for monitoring elusive carnivores but can be burdened by low detection rates. Researchers often employ …
Revegetating Salt-Impacted Soils In The Northern Great Plains, Abigail P. Blanchard
Revegetating Salt-Impacted Soils In The Northern Great Plains, Abigail P. Blanchard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the northern Great Plains (NGP), an estimated 10.6 million hectares of land are affected by naturally occurring salt-impacted soil. Naturally occurring salt impaction results when rainfall causes salts in parent material to move upward through the soil profile and remain in the root zone causing osmotic and ionic stress, negatively affecting seed imbibition, germination, and plant growth. Common methods to remediate saltimpacted soils were developed in the irrigated soils of the Southwestern U.S., are ineffective in the non-irrigated soils of the NGP, and can exacerbate the problem. Therefore, new methods to remediate salt-impacted soil in the NGP are needed. …
Characterization Of The Rumen Bacterial Communities Of Bison Heifers Fed A Grass-Based Diet Vs A Grain-Based Free-Choice Diet, Anlly Miley Fresno Rueda
Characterization Of The Rumen Bacterial Communities Of Bison Heifers Fed A Grass-Based Diet Vs A Grain-Based Free-Choice Diet, Anlly Miley Fresno Rueda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A century ago, the North American grasslands and prairie ecosystems were dominated by bison. At least 30 million bison roamed the Great Plains when the first explorers arrived. By 1900, there were little over a thousand bison remained in the United States and Canada. Recovery efforts has been made since the 20th century to reestablish the herds and increase the bison population. Today, over 500,000 bison are distributed across North America, with more than 90% of the existing bison population under commercial production. Modern conservation strategies are made via the collaborative efforts of conservationist, producers, and researchers, resulting in increased …
Effects Of Predator Management And Parasitism On Over-Water Nesting Diving Duck Production In Southwestern Manitoba, Trenton E. Rohrer
Effects Of Predator Management And Parasitism On Over-Water Nesting Diving Duck Production In Southwestern Manitoba, Trenton E. Rohrer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nest survival of upland nesting waterfowl (e.g., mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], blue-winged teal [Anas discors]) has been studied extensively in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. Conversely, over-water nesting diving ducks’ nest survival is poorly understood, likely because over-water nests are more challenging to find, may be less concentrated, and searching for these nests is physically demanding. Nest depredation is considered a leading cause of duck nest failure and is considered a limiting factor on upland nesting waterfowl production in the PPR. Similar factors limiting upland nesting duck production may limit over-water nesting duck productivity, but studies of this …
Identification And Characterization Of Modulators Of Human Mrp1 (Abcc1) And Human Mrp2 (Abcc2) Expression, Vivian Osei Poku
Identification And Characterization Of Modulators Of Human Mrp1 (Abcc1) And Human Mrp2 (Abcc2) Expression, Vivian Osei Poku
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to play a critical role in conferring multidrug resistance (MDR) in various cancers. Several retrospective analyses of chemotherapy results have reported high expression of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1) and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2) in tumor cells exhibiting the MDR phenotype. High MRP1 and MRP2 expression in cancer patients predict a higher risk of treatment failure, resulting in relapse and disease recurrence as well as shortened survival rates. The key role of MRP1 and MRP2 play in the development of MDR makes them important therapeutic targets that hold a great promise for addressing …
Using New And Long-Term Multi-Scale Remotely Sensed Data To Detect Recurrent Fires And Quantify Their Relationship To Land Cover/Use In Indonesian Peatlands, Yenni Vetrita
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Indonesia has committed to reducing its greenhouse gases emissions by 29% (potentially up to 41% with international assistance) by 2030. Achieving those targets requires many efforts but, in particular, controlling the fire problem in Indonesia’s peatlands is paramount, since it is unlikely to diminish on its own in the coming decades. This study was conducted in Sumatra and Kalimantan peatlands in Indonesia. Four MODIS-derived products (MCD45A1 collection 5.1, MCD64A1 (collection 5.1 and 6), FireCCI51) were initially assessed to explore long-term fire frequency and land use/cover change relationships. The results indicated the product(s) could only detect half of the fires accurately. …
Use And Improvement Of Remote Sensing And Geospatial Technologies In Support Of Crop Area And Yield Estimations In The West African Sahel, Kaboro Samasse
Use And Improvement Of Remote Sensing And Geospatial Technologies In Support Of Crop Area And Yield Estimations In The West African Sahel, Kaboro Samasse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In arid and semi-arid West Africa, agricultural production and regional food security depend largely on small-scale subsistence farming and rainfed crops, both of which are vulnerable to climate variability and drought. Efforts made to improve crop monitoring and our ability to estimate crop production (areas planted and yield estimations by crop type) in the major agricultural zones of the region are critical paths for minimizing climate risks and to support food security planning. The main objective of this dissertation research was to contribute to these efforts using remote sensing technologies. In this regard, the first analysis documented the low reliability …
Exploring Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping For Bud Fruitfulness And Bud Break Traits In Grapevine F2 Population, Seyma Bozkus
Exploring Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping For Bud Fruitfulness And Bud Break Traits In Grapevine F2 Population, Seyma Bozkus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera) is one of the most important and valuable fruit crops around the world and grape industries in the USA have been growing increasingly regarding the demand for highly productive and quality grapes that can be grown in the cold region around the USA. The development of new cultivars with these features is performed through grape breeding with the help of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and and other technologies. In this study, we evaluated grapevine bud fruitfulness by position and bud break in controlled conditions. These traits are multi-genetic and understanding …
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large class of integral membrane proteins that contribute to key physiological functions in all organisms by utilizing ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport diverse substrates across membrane barriers. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ ABCB1) and Multidrug Resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) are widely reported ABC transporters associated with multidrug resistance in cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-gp and MRP1 is responsible for treatment failures of many metastatic cancers as a result of reduced accumulation, bioavailability and diminished potency of anticancer drugs. Currently, known P-gp and MRP1 inhibitors are limited due to toxicity, lack of selectivity and low …
Quantifying The Impacts Of Land Use, Management And Climate Change On Water Resources In Missouri River Basin, Arun Bawa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A location-specific evaluation of hydrological landscape responses concerning past and projected climate and land use land cover (LULC) changes can provide a powerful intellectual basis for developing efficient and profitable agroecosystems, and overcoming uncertain and detrimental consequences of LULC and climate shifts. This dissertation assessed the impacts of land use, management, and climate change on water resources in the Missouri River Basin (MRB) through four specific studies that included: (i) to study the responses of leached nutrient concentrations and soil health to winter rye cover crop (CC) under no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, (ii) to …
Assaying Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Isolates 1ba And 1d3 For Biosurfactant Production And Utilization Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons And Phenolic Acids, Pavan Kulkarni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Several Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolates obtained from wheat residue have been studied as biological agents to control wheat diseases. Notable traits of isolates 1BA and 1D3 include growth with high salt (10% NaCl), at temperatures up to 50°C and over a wide pH range. BIOLOG Gen III plates were used to study and further characterize Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1BA and 1D3. Both isolates showed tolerance to high salt concentration supporting previous studies. They also grew in the presence of lithium chloride, potassium tellurite, and sodium bromate. Both isolates grew at pH 5, with almost identical carbon source utilization fingerprints. However, D-serine, quinic …
Influence Of Cover Crops On Water And Nutrient Cycles In South Dakota, Sam Ireland
Influence Of Cover Crops On Water And Nutrient Cycles In South Dakota, Sam Ireland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A major concern of farmers implementing cover crops into a crop rotation is a potential reduction in soil moisture and nutrients available for the following cash crop. If soil moisture or nutrients are limited, the following cash crop yield suffers. One option to conserve soil moisture is to terminate cover crops with herbicides prior to a killing freeze. The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of the impact of cover crops and termination timing to the water and nutrient cycles and furthermore, the agronomic impact to the following cash crop (corn). Field experiments were conducted in …
Investigating The Development Of Fecal Bacterial Communities In Growing Dairy Calves, Emily Fowler
Investigating The Development Of Fecal Bacterial Communities In Growing Dairy Calves, Emily Fowler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The gut development of young calves is crucial for the producer and the calf's future. Many factors can affect the development of a young calf's gastrointestinal system, and there has been little research into the fecal microbiome development of calves from 0 to 12 weeks of age. To gain further insight into this process, development of the fecal microbiome in 12 dairy calves was investigated. Fecal bacterial composition was determined at four time points (weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12) using the 16S rRNA gene through PCR-amplification of the V1-V3 regions from fecal microbial genomic DNA, followed by Illumina MiSeq …
Advanced Analytical Techniques For The Analysis Of Therapeutics Of Toxic Inhalation Agents And Pharmacokinetic Investigation, Subrata Bhadra
Advanced Analytical Techniques For The Analysis Of Therapeutics Of Toxic Inhalation Agents And Pharmacokinetic Investigation, Subrata Bhadra
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Toxic inhalation agents (TIAs), (i.e., cyanide (CN) and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs)), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanethiol (MT)) are extremely poisonous upon exposure. Many TIAs act by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cellular hypoxia, cytotoxic anoxia, apnea, respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, seizure and potentially death. CN is generated in structural fires and cigarette smoke as well as in mining, electroplating and polymer processing, whereas H2S and MT are found in petroleum, oil and natural gas, waste treatment facilities and decaying organic matter. All are common occupational gas exposure hazards in chemical industries and for first responders, including …
A Speciation Modeling Study Of Heavy Metal Adsorption To Plastic In Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Units, Kaitlyn Hague
A Speciation Modeling Study Of Heavy Metal Adsorption To Plastic In Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Units, Kaitlyn Hague
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Microplastics are an emerging concern due to their harmful effect to organisms and their ability to facilitate transport of contaminants including heavy metals. Microplastics can enter the environment through wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate, and littering. Once in the environment microplastics can be distributed throughout rivers, the ocean, and lakes. In order to understand the adsorption of heavy metals to microplastics a geochemical modeling study was completed using Visual Minteq. Lab tests were completed to better understand what constituents are available in wastewater at four different locations: influent, clarifiers, digesters, and effluent. These constituents were then used to observe how …
Improved Biochar Based Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers For Sustainable Corn Production, Robiul Islam Rubel
Improved Biochar Based Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers For Sustainable Corn Production, Robiul Islam Rubel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an essential factor to increase crop yield. When conventional nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. Urea, Ammonium Sulphate, etc.) is applied in the field, generally over 50% of the N of these fertilizers may lose into the air due to vaporization, or run-off and leaching in rivers and lakes. The N losses lead to not only low NUE but also serious environmental problems. The consequence of N losses results in insufficient N available to meet the demand of crop growth at the growing stages. Lack of sufficient N for crop growth puts a threat of nutrient deficiency and …
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Water Using Natural Bauxite, Hashindra Kumari Herath
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Water Using Natural Bauxite, Hashindra Kumari Herath
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bauxite, the principal ore of aluminum is a potential low-cost sorbent to treat heavy metal-contaminated water. This work studied the ability of raw bauxite to adsorb Pb2+, Cu2+ , Ni2+, and Co2+ ions in natural waters and the dependency of the sorption efficiency on the initial metal ion concentration in water, contact time, the ‘type’ of bauxite, and the effect of coexisting metals. Goethite-rich (B1) and kaolinite-rich (B2) bauxites were sampled in Pontotoc County, Mississippi. Single element and multi-element (ME) solutions were prepared by introducing the metals at concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 ppb in lake water. The solutions …
Responses Of Predatory Myxobacteria To Prey Signaling Molecules & Features Of A Pseudomonas Prey Avoiding Predation, Shukria Akbar
Responses Of Predatory Myxobacteria To Prey Signaling Molecules & Features Of A Pseudomonas Prey Avoiding Predation, Shukria Akbar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gram-negative unicellular myxobacteria, along with their multicellular lifestyle andbiologically active specialized metabolites, are known for the predatory interactions with Gram-negative/ Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Although myxobacterial predation range have been exploited extensively, little is known about the prey associated molecules contributing to myxobacterial predator-prey dynamics. By employing transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics approaches, we demonstrate two structurally distinct classes of signaling molecules from Gram-negative bacterial prey elicit significant omics responses from myxobacteria, Myxococcus xanthus and Cystobacter ferrugineus. An overlapping and general response to acylhomoserine lactones, whereas a distinctive response to a quinolone signaling molecule is observed from both myxobacteria. Similarly, by …
Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon
Quantifying Microbial Resistance To Nematode Predation, Tyler Bacon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The selection pressure of predation has encouraged the development of defense traits that can make an individual species more environmentally stable. In addition to biotic pressures, abiotic factors could lead to disruption of predator-prey balance within ecosystems. Consequently, it is significant to better understand how environmental factors can influence predator-prey interactions and how responses may, in turn, affect communities. A current challenge within microbial communities is to understand which intraspecific traits associated with such defense strategies are important for microbial-prey responses to predation, and how the responses vary across environments revealing GxE interactions. In this study, I examined microbial-predator prey …
Responses Of Myxobacteria To Plant-Related Chemosignals Suggests Their Roles In The Rhizobiome, Barbara Iyare Adaikpoh
Responses Of Myxobacteria To Plant-Related Chemosignals Suggests Their Roles In The Rhizobiome, Barbara Iyare Adaikpoh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the rhizosphere, plants curate and maintain distinct rhizobiome, some of which serve as secondary defense mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, in response to biotic stress, plants generate phytohormones which regulate signaling pathways to activate systemic resistance. These phytohormones contribute to the chemical space within the rhizosphere in addition to other low-molecular-weight metabolites used for cell-to-cell communication within species and across kingdoms. However, little is known about the influences of stress-related phytohormones on beneficial bacteria even though biocontrol strategies abundantly explore plant-beneficial microorganisms to manage pathogens in agricultural systems. Myxobacteria are competent predators of plant pathogens and have demonstrated responses …
Systematic Computational Investigation Of Thermal Barrier Coatings For Cellulose Substrates, Mohammad Mansouriantabaei
Systematic Computational Investigation Of Thermal Barrier Coatings For Cellulose Substrates, Mohammad Mansouriantabaei
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A statistical central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the effects of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) volume fractions, as well as relative free volume fraction, on the thermal barrier properties of a pigment-based coating for cellulosic substrates composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and a copolymer binder, poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid). Average room-temperature thermal conductivity (based on three replicates) was selected as a response and calculated for the different coating formulations using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) simulation with the Müller-Plathe algorithm. A reduced quadratic response surface model was fitted to the response data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) …
A Case Study Correlating Cardiometabolic Markers And T Helper Inflammatory Pathways In Covid-19 Patients, Mohammad Shaheed Nazrul
A Case Study Correlating Cardiometabolic Markers And T Helper Inflammatory Pathways In Covid-19 Patients, Mohammad Shaheed Nazrul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
COVID-19 is one of the deadliest pandemics in the history of mankind and the infection and mortality rate to this date has been immense. There is several information and data available to analyze patient data regarding both deceased and non-severe patients. A vast amount of research and study is ongoing to understand the implications and cure for this disease. The main purpose of this paper is to find the correlation between inflammatory pathway markers and cardiometabolic markers of COVID-positive patients and to see which T-helper pathway markers are enriched and which markers have reduced count amongst three categories of patients.
Comparative Study Of Agrogeophysical Methods For Identifying Soil Pipes, Md Abdus Abdus Samad
Comparative Study Of Agrogeophysical Methods For Identifying Soil Pipes, Md Abdus Abdus Samad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil erosion is considered the greatest challenge for soil management and agri-food production threatening human habitat and livelihood. Although soil erosion due to surficial processes has been well studied, the role of the subsurface process such as internal soil pipes has often been overlooked. Internal soil pipes directly contribute to total soil loss in agricultural fields that severely threaten agricultural sustainability. Locating, measuring, and mapping internal soil pipes and their networks are vital to assess the total soil loss in agricultural fields. Internal soil pipes are not commonly visible at the surface, and their subsurface networks rarely follow the surface …
Describing The Gut Microbiome Of Amblema Plicata, Lauren Lawson
Describing The Gut Microbiome Of Amblema Plicata, Lauren Lawson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Freshwater mussels are important for nutrient cycling and ecosystem health, as they filter feed on their surrounding water column. This form of feeding makes these bivalves especially sensitive to conditions in their environment. Gut microbial communities (microbiomes) have been recognized as important to both host organism and ecosystem health; however, how microbiomes are organized and influenced is still unclear. In this study, the gut microbiomes of 58 individuals of the freshwater mussel Amblema plicata were compared across two river basins, five rivers, and nine sites in the southeastern USA. Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria were the most common phyla within all …
The Efficacy Of Neurofeedback In The Treatment Of Individuals With Anxiety-Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis, Gordon Michael Russo
The Efficacy Of Neurofeedback In The Treatment Of Individuals With Anxiety-Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis, Gordon Michael Russo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A number of authors have published articles that assert the efficacy of neurofeedback (NFB) in the treatment of people with anxious symptomatology. Despite this, many insurance companies identify NFB as experimental, which prohibits individuals from utilizing benefits to obtain this therapeutic treatment. In order to examine these discrepancies, the present meta-analyses were conducted and guided by research questions designed to examine the overall effectiveness of NFB, the impact of participant characteristics, and identify the if there is a significant difference in anxiety-spectrum outcomes. Twenty-six trials were divided based on design (14 single group [SG]; 12 between group [BG]) and analyzed …