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College Students Conceptions Of Particulate Nature Of Matter And The Impact On Research Instrumentation, Bridget Klutse
College Students Conceptions Of Particulate Nature Of Matter And The Impact On Research Instrumentation, Bridget Klutse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this research was to explore the understanding and conceptions of Particulate Nature of Matter (PNM) with Chem 115 L students as the participants. Conceptions were defined specifically as beliefs and alternative beliefs about topics. The research also assessed the impact of analytical instrumentation in the chemistry laboratory on learning chemistry concepts. Eight questions (8) with multiple choice answers were administered to 10 students at the beginning and after the Fall 2018 semester via selective/purposeful sampling. Data were collected using surveys (pre- and post-surveys) and interviews (pre- and postinterviews), then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The eight questions …
Implications Of Broadleaf, Grass, And A Blend Of Broadleaf And Grass Cover Crops On Soil Health And Corn Production In South Dakota, Hunter Bielenberg
Implications Of Broadleaf, Grass, And A Blend Of Broadleaf And Grass Cover Crops On Soil Health And Corn Production In South Dakota, Hunter Bielenberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Midwest because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and protect overall soil health. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different cover crop mixtures on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen (N) rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall after small grains harvest as a dominantly grass mixture, dominantly broadleaf mixture, or a 50/50 grass and broadleaf mixture with a no cover crop control. Soil and cover crop biomass samples were collected in the fall before winter cold termination and in the …
Soil Organic Carbon, Hydro-Physical Properties, Pore Structure And Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Under Integrated Crop-Livestock System, Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal
Soil Organic Carbon, Hydro-Physical Properties, Pore Structure And Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Under Integrated Crop-Livestock System, Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) can improve soil organic carbon (SOC), enhance soil hydro-physical properties, and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the influence of grazing, cover crop (CC), and a combination of grazing and CC on labile soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions and soil enzyme activity, (ii) assess the impacts of short-term (3-4 years) and long-term (>30 years) ICLS on SOC, bulk density, structural quality and water infiltration, (iii) evaluate soil pore structural properties such as porosity, number of pores, pore size, pore shape, fractal dimension, anisotropy and tortuosity …
Impact Of Carcass Chilling System On Carcass Characteristics And Biochemical Changes In Beef Carcasses, Lydia Margaret Hite
Impact Of Carcass Chilling System On Carcass Characteristics And Biochemical Changes In Beef Carcasses, Lydia Margaret Hite
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Effective and efficient chilling of beef carcasses will directly influence meat quality and consumer acceptance. Over the past century the United States’ meat industry has evolved, and spray chilling system have become common practice utilized by the beef industry. However, many of the chilling systems presently in use were designed to chill carcasses averaging lighter than the average beef hot carcass weight of today. Beef hot carcass weight has increased 68 kilograms from 1991 to 2019. The increase in beef hot carcass weight could result in longer chilling periods and present possible challenges for chilling systems used by the beef …
The Influence Of Carcass Weight On Beef Primal Temperature, Tenderness, And Palatability, Samantha Egolf
The Influence Of Carcass Weight On Beef Primal Temperature, Tenderness, And Palatability, Samantha Egolf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The United States beef industry has experienced increasing hot carcass weights (HCW) and improvements to quality grade the last three decades. Postmortem chilling of beef carcasses is critical to overall product quality. Carcass weight and composition may influence carcass temperatures during postmortem chilling. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of HCW and quality grade during postmortem chilling and on product quality. A-maturity carcasses were selected by weight [light = 296–341 kg; middle = 386–432 kg; heavy = 466–523 kg]. A 20 cm data logger was placed into the chuck and round and a 10 cm data …
Exploration Of Host Health Benefits By A Defined Consortium Of Butyrate-Producing Human Gut Bacteria In Gnotobiotic Mouse Model, Linto Antony
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aberrant gut microbiota composition is found to be associated with several human diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Reduction in butyrate producing bacteria is one of the characteristic features of such dysbiotic bacterial community in the gut. Modulation of gut microbiota to bring the dysbiotic state back to normal healthy state is a promising therapeutic strategy to cure several diseases like recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) and IBD where traditional therapies using pharmacological substances fails to make a difference. Restoration of butyrate producers is found to be an effective method of such gut microbiota modulation. The potential to produce …
Gene Network And Pathway Analysis Of Transcriptional Signatures Characterizing Sole Ulcer And Digital Dermatitis In Dairy Cows, Roshin Anie Mohan
Gene Network And Pathway Analysis Of Transcriptional Signatures Characterizing Sole Ulcer And Digital Dermatitis In Dairy Cows, Roshin Anie Mohan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptomic profile of both corium tissue from lactating dairy cows experiencing sole ulcers and skin lesions from lactating dairy cows diagnosed with digital dermatitis (DD). Hoof biopsies were performed in multiparous Holstein dairy cows selected based on their condition as clinically healthy or diagnosed with sole ulcers (n=7/group). Similarly, skin biopsies were taken from the center of active (M2/M4.1) DD lesions or non-active (M0/M4/M1) from multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 7/group) to assess the impact of DD on the skin transcriptome via RNA-seq analysis. All RNA samples were sequenced using Illumina, NovaSeq S4 …
Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Glutathione Derivatives As Brain Targeting Agents, Yue Huang
Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Glutathione Derivatives As Brain Targeting Agents, Yue Huang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s diseases, and brain tumors, is still a challenge due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB as a membrane barrier that separates systemic blood circulation from the CNS is structurally formed by endothelial cells, astrocyte, pericyte and neurons and is one of the crucial protection mechanisms for the CNS. The BBB protects the brain by preventing foreign compounds (non-endogenous compounds) from entering the brain and helps maintain brain homeostasis. In addition, the presence of drug efflux pumps (i.e., P-glycoproteins, multidrug-resistance proteins) in the BBB helps …
Evaluating Impacts Of Tryptophan And Branched Chain Amino Acids In Swine Diets Containing Corn Based Dried Distillers Grains On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Grow-Finish Pigs, David Alan Clizer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A total of four studies were conducted in an effort to determine the impact of Trp and the BCAA in swine diets containing DDGS or HPDDG on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of the growing and finishing pig. The first study utilized 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 x PIC, initial BW 38.6 kg) in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels of SID Trp:Lys in swine diets containing 40% DDGS. Treatments consisted of diets containing 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15, 18, 21, or 24% or a corn-SBM diet for …
Electrical Sensing In Non-Excitable Cells To Promote Galvanotaxis And Tissue Survival, Anyesha Sarkar
Electrical Sensing In Non-Excitable Cells To Promote Galvanotaxis And Tissue Survival, Anyesha Sarkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Weak DC fields have been shown to induce polarity, cell migration and cell proliferation in 2D cultures in vitro. To understand the mechanism by which non-excitable cells sense such weak EFs, we have investigated the mechanism of cathode-directed water flow (electro-osmosis) in the boundary layer of cells by reducing it with neutral, viscous polymers. Our results indicate that low molecular weight polymers decrease cathodal migration and promote anodal migration in a concentration dependent manner. High molecular weight polymers do not affect directionality and can be explained using porosity and hydraulic permeability between the polymers. These results provide the first evidence …
The Role Of The Auxin Biosynthesis And Signaling In Soybean Root Nodule Development, Mucahid Bozkus
The Role Of The Auxin Biosynthesis And Signaling In Soybean Root Nodule Development, Mucahid Bozkus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen(N) is one of the most important plant nutrients for plant growth and yield, however, its abundance in the soil is not sufficient for profitable crop production. The use of chemical fertilizers helps address soil N deficiency in agriculture. However, due to the environmental pollution resulting from excessive use of fertilizers, alternative forms of N for agriculture are a necessity. Leguminous plants such as soybean (Glycine max) form a symbiotic association with N-fixing rhizobia to meet their N demands. Legume-rhizobia symbiosis results in the formation of unique structures called nodules where rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant usable forms, thus …
Rational Design Of Advanced Functional Materials For Electrochemical Devices, Shun Lu
Rational Design Of Advanced Functional Materials For Electrochemical Devices, Shun Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, there has been a fast-growing trend in developing urea (CO(NH2)2) as a substitute H2 carrier in energy conversion due to its high energy density, nontoxicity, stability, and nonflammability. Urea, a byproduct in the metabolism of proteins and a frequent contaminant in wastewater, is an abundant compound that has demonstrated favorable characteristics as a hydrogen-rich fuel source with 6.7 wt % gravimetric hydrogen content. Also, there is 2-2.5 wt % urea from mammal urine; therefore, 0.5 million ton of additional fuels will be produced per year just from human urine (240 million ton each year). Electrochemical oxidation has …
Biomechanical Investigation Of Plant Vascular Tissue For Bio-Inspired Design And Flexible Composites, Mukesh Roy
Biomechanical Investigation Of Plant Vascular Tissue For Bio-Inspired Design And Flexible Composites, Mukesh Roy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the inception of evolution, nature has continuously optimized all the natural materials. These optimizations are so efficient that scientists and engineers have started taking inspiration from nature. Such inspiration-based solutions provide sustainable development of new materials with enhanced structural properties and functionalities (such as stiffness, stability, toughness, self-healing etc.). This variety of properties and functionalities is mainly due to the hierarchical organization of such components. Abstraction of the hidden cues of the hierarchical organization, principles and underlying structure-function relations are some of the critical approaches of bioinspired materials design. Inspiration from animals and plants has helped develop the design …
Pheasant Ecology In An Agricultural Landscape Of South Dakota, Sprih Harsh
Pheasant Ecology In An Agricultural Landscape Of South Dakota, Sprih Harsh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to wildlife conservation. Grasslands are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. The large-scale conversion of North American grasslands to cultivation has been strongly associated with declines of grassland bird populations. The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a common grassland bird which is negatively impacted by the conversion of grassland to cropland. Though pheasants are non-native to South Dakota, they have become naturalized in most of the state. However, with increases in agricultural intensification in South Dakota, indices of pheasant abundance from brood route surveys suggest that pheasant populations have declined to historically …
An Evaluation Of The Bighorn Sheep Population In Badlands National Park, Austin J. Wieseler
An Evaluation Of The Bighorn Sheep Population In Badlands National Park, Austin J. Wieseler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Within the last century, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the badlands ecosystem of western South Dakota have been subjected to complete extirpation, reintroduction, disease die-offs, genetic bottlenecking, and population augmentation. Subsequently, the population in Badlands National Park (BNP) appears to have recovered, but it was unknown to what degree past events had influenced the population. From 2017-2019, we conducted research on 5 subherds within 2 management units in BNP to 1) survey for the presence of respiratory pathogens and estimate the prevalence of other potentially infectious diseases; 2) assess adult and lamb survival and cause-specific mortality; 3) estimate population size …
Improving Nutritional Properties And Extractability Of Pea Proteins For Human Consumption Via Fungal Bioprocessing, Camille Massmann
Improving Nutritional Properties And Extractability Of Pea Proteins For Human Consumption Via Fungal Bioprocessing, Camille Massmann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Yellow peas are a rich source of protein and phytochemicals. Peas are compatible with many diets restricted by sensitivities, allergies, or personal choice. As a result, peas are gaining popularity in food markets, despite the challenges they present. The biggest challenges for pea proteins in food markets are high content of fiber, starch, and saponins. These components cause processing challenges and create undesirable textures and bitter flavors. Pea proteins are typically extracted with alkaline extraction or air classification methods which result in 80% and 50% protein products respectively. With low protein purity, these products are not competitive with other, more …
The Effects Of Weather, Body Weight, And Feed Intake On Total And Liquid Water Intake In Beef Cattle, Zachary Mcdaniel
The Effects Of Weather, Body Weight, And Feed Intake On Total And Liquid Water Intake In Beef Cattle, Zachary Mcdaniel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two completely randomized design feedlot experiments were conducted over the course of a year. Both experiments were performed in order to determine the effects of weather, body weight (BW), and feed intake on total daily water intake (TDWI) and liquid daily water intake (LDWI) in beef steers. Experiment 1 utilized Angus weaned steers (n = 27; initial BW = 273 + 21.3 kg). Experiment 2 utilized yearling Bos taurus steers (n = 26; initial BW = 421 + 16.2 kg). Individual feed and water intake were collected using the Insentec (Insentec RIC, Hokofarm, Marknesse, Netherlands) automated feeding and water system. …
Cortisol In Hair As A Measure Of Chronic Stress During Sow Gestation And The Pattern Of Cortisol In Blood During Parturition In Sows, Talia Everding
Cortisol In Hair As A Measure Of Chronic Stress During Sow Gestation And The Pattern Of Cortisol In Blood During Parturition In Sows, Talia Everding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, as it influences many metabolic processes to maintain glucose homeostasis during stressful experiences, including physical and psychological stress. It can be detected in biological matrices such as blood and hair and is released rapidly during sudden stressors and continuously during longterm stress. Blood cortisol fluctuates rapidly in response to acute stressors like pain, exertion, and fear; in hair cortisol accumulates steadily over the period of hair growth and may be useful for detecting chronically elevated cortisol resulting from long-term stress. The objective of this research was to, 1) determine the influence of a …
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Permits Characterization Of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (Snb) Resistance In Hard Winter Wheat, Rami Altameemi
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Permits Characterization Of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (Snb) Resistance In Hard Winter Wheat, Rami Altameemi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is an economically important wheat disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum. SNB resistance in wheat is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Thus, the identifying of novel resistance/susceptibility QTLs is crucial for continuous improvement of the SNB resistance. Here, the hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) comprising accessions from breeding programs in the Great Plains region of the US, was evaluated for SNB resistance and necrotrophic effectors (NEs) sensitivity at the seedling stage. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with SNB resistance and …
A Hydrologic Climate Study For An Arid Region, Ali Alsubeai
A Hydrologic Climate Study For An Arid Region, Ali Alsubeai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Water is the most precious natural resource in arid regions due to the limitation of water resources, expanding population, and increasing volumes of industrial and domestic waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate methods to estimate water quantity in an arid region. The research consisted of three separate studies. In the first study, hydrologic models used to estimate water quantity were evaluated for suitability of use in arid regions. Most hydrologic models that have been used in arid regions were originally developed for humid regions. Rainfall events in arid regions can be characterized as short-term, high intense rainstorms …
Isolation Of Marker Compounds From Copaiba Essential Oil And Mimosa Pigra For Quality Evaluation Of Dietary Supplements, Mohammed Hawwal
Isolation Of Marker Compounds From Copaiba Essential Oil And Mimosa Pigra For Quality Evaluation Of Dietary Supplements, Mohammed Hawwal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Natural products have been used as a primary means of treating illness since ancient times, and they remain an important pool of U.S. FDA approved drugs. Approximately 33% of all current pharmaceutical medications discovered between 1981 and 2014 are either natural products or derived from natural products (Newman and Cragg 2016). The process of isolating specialized metabolites from medicinal plants has led to the development of particularly important medicines worldwide (Rakotomalala, Agard et al. 2013) such as Taxol® from Taxus brevifolia Nutt. (Taxaceae) and salicylic acid from the bark of Salix spp. This research is composed of five chapters; the …
Engineer Micro- And Nano-Sized Polymeric Particles For Drug Delivery Using Advanced Multivariate Statistical Tools, Bhavani Prasad Vinjamuri
Engineer Micro- And Nano-Sized Polymeric Particles For Drug Delivery Using Advanced Multivariate Statistical Tools, Bhavani Prasad Vinjamuri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Particulate drug delivery systems are gaining considerable attention in recent years due to increasing advantages for an effective delivery of therapeutics. Application of advanced particle engineering technologies in polymeric drug delivery systems has shown to improve the efficacy of a drug substance by maintaining stable levels in the blood when compared to traditional parenteral drug products. However, development of these products is a complex multifaceted process with numerous challenges. Formulation development scientists need to comprehend and control a range of unit manufacturing operations along with the formulation composition for a successful product. Therefore, the objective of this project is to …
Serving Motherhood: Analyzing The Balance And Justice Of Foodwork In The Lives Of Working Moms, Kaitlyn Paige Hall
Serving Motherhood: Analyzing The Balance And Justice Of Foodwork In The Lives Of Working Moms, Kaitlyn Paige Hall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on the foodwork that working mothers do at work and at home in order to support and provide for their families. It explores how women in low-paid food service jobs talk about and manage the work of feeding their families at home and customers at work in order to better understand the gender dynamics of this work and the conditions necessary to achieve “work-family justice”—structural solutions to work/family conflict. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 12 mothers who are between the ages of 24 and 43 from Mississippi and Arkansas. While some held …
Understanding Willingness Towards Deprescribing Among Older Adults With Osteoporosis, Queenie Paltanwale
Understanding Willingness Towards Deprescribing Among Older Adults With Osteoporosis, Queenie Paltanwale
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objectives: To describe and identify the socio-behavioral factors predicting willingness towards deprescribing among older adults with osteoporosis.Design, Setting, and Participants: For this population-based survey study of US Medicare beneficiaries, data was obtained from the Medication Attitudes Module distributed to the participants in Round 6 (2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Our study population consisted to respondents who were diagnosed with osteoporosis in round 6 or earlier and who responded to the Medication Attitude Module. Main outcome and Measures: Response to the statement “I would like to reduce the number of medicines I am taking” was the main …
Biometric Analysis Of Emotional Responses And Cognitive Effort To Stimuli In Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated States, Chase Castleberry
Biometric Analysis Of Emotional Responses And Cognitive Effort To Stimuli In Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated States, Chase Castleberry
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that hydration status, euhydrated versus hypohydrated, has on emotional responses and the intensity of these responses to three separate stimuli of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. Six male participants provided informed consent for participation. During a single trial of a walking dehydration exercise in an environmental chamber at 35℃, participants viewed three stimuli, pre and post exercise, consisting of a video commercial, three still images, and live viewing of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink while reporting perceptual measures. Arousal and feeling states decreased from 3.89 to 2.50 and 3.83 to 2.17 (p = 0.02, …
Population Genetic Structure Of Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) In South Dakota: Using Harvested Samples To Inform Management, Stuart C. Fetherston
Population Genetic Structure Of Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) In South Dakota: Using Harvested Samples To Inform Management, Stuart C. Fetherston
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A primary objective of state wildlife management agencies is to establish sustainable harvest levels for game species. An important component of sustainable management practices is the identification of appropriate management units for monitoring and establishing defensible harvest levels. Across their range, bobcats (Lynx rufus) are an ecologically and economically important species. Despite their importance, little is known about the genetic structure of bobcat populations in South Dakota. We used tissue sampled from n = 1,215 bobcats harvested across the state from 2014–2019 to infer population genetic structure. We used 17 microsatellite loci and a sex identification marker to assign individuals …
Studying Morphological, Physiological, And Molecular Regulation Of Stomatal Conductance And Its Relationship To Water Use Efficiency In Alfalfa, Surbhi Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), being a leguminous, highly fibrous, and proteinaceous plant has always been one of the top choices for the forage production but has high cost of irrigation in many dry and warm areas such as California and Arizona. Thus, a reduction of irrigation by using the higher water use efficiency (WUE) varieties can help the growers in reducing the cost and is critical for sustainable agriculture production. WUE is closely related to water loss through transpiring stomata. A study in our lab reported that Riverside (RS) an alfalfa genotype that has naturized in the national grassland in South …
Long Term Evaluation Of E. Coli Removal From Stormwater Using Recycled Steel Byproducts, Brenden Olevson
Long Term Evaluation Of E. Coli Removal From Stormwater Using Recycled Steel Byproducts, Brenden Olevson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stormwater runoff often carries a variety of pollutants and pathogens that can endanger public health and wildlife. One contaminant of concern often highlighted in stormwater quality is Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) because its presence indicates microbial contamination in water. Different types of media filtration are being studied to reduce contaminant concentrations in stormwater. In this study, steel byproducts were examined as a potential material to use in media filtration to remove E. Coli and other contaminants from stormwater. Batch scale studies were conducted in laboratory to evaluate the E. Coli removal potential of steel chips and steel slag over a 24-hour …
Novel Acetylcholine Chloride Based Water Immiscible Deep Eutectic Solvent: Formulation, Characterization And Application In Drug Solubilization, Shiksha Subedi
Novel Acetylcholine Chloride Based Water Immiscible Deep Eutectic Solvent: Formulation, Characterization And Application In Drug Solubilization, Shiksha Subedi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the emerging class of new and inexpensive solvents composed of two or three safe components capable of self-association through hydrogen bond interaction. The depression in the melting point characterizes DESs compared to those of the individual components. These solvents have properties like the traditionally used ionic liquids (ILs), but they can offset the significant drawbacks of ILs, such as biodegradability, toxicity, and complex synthesis. Due to these remarkable advantages, the research in DESs is increasing exponentially. However, current deep eutectic solvents still have limitations to apply to the real chemical industries due to hydrophilicity and …
Viral And Immune Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) In Bovine Species, Karim Abdelsalam
Viral And Immune Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) In Bovine Species, Karim Abdelsalam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
BVDV is a major pathogen of ruminants that causes immune dysfunction and lead to secondary bacterial infection. The underlying mechanism of this dysfunction is not well understood. Based on previous results, we believe that macrophages play a central role in BVDV-associated immune dysfunction. Previously, we have shown that the infected monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) supernatant of the high virulent strains of BVDV significantly induced lymphocyte apoptosis. In the current study, we performed experiments to identify the apoptotic factors in the infected MDM supernatants in vitro. Also, we have extended our investigation to include testing the impact of infected macrophages on neutrophil …