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Articles 271 - 300 of 353
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Design History Education And The Use Of The Design Brief As An Interpretative Framework For Sustainable Practice, John Calvelli
Design History Education And The Use Of The Design Brief As An Interpretative Framework For Sustainable Practice, John Calvelli
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Over the last several years, designers, researchers and educators have been increasingly concerned with what effect design has had, and could have, on the current condition of unsustainability. If design has had a significant part in materializing unsustainability, then we must try to change its disciplinary parameters and relationships. How can we teach design history in order to engage students in this critical work? This paper will document an ongoing experiment in the teaching of design history to undergraduate students in visual communication in two colleges of art and design. The course asks students to interpret images from the broad …
The Challenges Of Information Transfer Between The Client Organization And The Temporary Multi-Organization (Tmo), Michel De Blois
The Challenges Of Information Transfer Between The Client Organization And The Temporary Multi-Organization (Tmo), Michel De Blois
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The mechanisms required for the transfer of both implicit and explicit information between the client organization and the temporary multi-organization are crucial in the programming process of construction projects. However, the identification and transfer of needs within the conception phase from the client (and eventually the users) towards the project team are rarely direct and easy. (Nadler et al., 1992) The evaluation of the project outcome (“as built”) against the initial project proposal, allows for a better understanding of both the project process and the influence of informal communications in translating client/user needs. This research project, comprised of three phases, …
Human Photographs On Trust In Bank Websites, Seungyeon Ha, Sunghyun R. Kang
Human Photographs On Trust In Bank Websites, Seungyeon Ha, Sunghyun R. Kang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
On the Internet, trustworthiness is an issue and becomes more important as financial transactions continue to grow. According to our analysis of the top 20 largest US banks, fifty-five percent of the banks’ homepages used human photograph(s). The purpose of this study is to examine how image choices of a male, a female, a family, a small group of people in an office, or a diverse group of people in photographs on a bank homepage will have the most positive effect on customers’ perceptions of trustworthiness with regard to the website. For the research method, five mock-ups of a bank …
Speculative Visualization: A New Rhetoric For Communicating Public Concerns, Tanyoung Kim, Carl Disalvo
Speculative Visualization: A New Rhetoric For Communicating Public Concerns, Tanyoung Kim, Carl Disalvo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Speculative design is an emerging rhetorical strategy in design practices and research to raise public awareness in social agendas that have been little explored. As a stream of this type of research, we propose speculative visualization that aims to achieve speculative design by utilizing techniques from data visualization and graphic design. Specifically, speculative visualization represents socially and politically meaningful data in aesthetic ways to provoke viewers’ interpretation and further elicit discussions. In this paper, we report the diverse approaches of speculative visualization by demonstrating three exemplary studies and identifying their visual rhetoric. Based on the argument, we discuss research opportunities …
A New Atlas For Abstract Spaces. Visual Tools For The Exploration Of Complex Contexts, Marco Quaggiotto
A New Atlas For Abstract Spaces. Visual Tools For The Exploration Of Complex Contexts, Marco Quaggiotto
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In the tradition of research, text is the preferred solution for research and communication. The linear sequence of writing explains reality: it transforms synchronic scenes into a sequence of codes that describe it diachronically. Nonetheless, while textual representation still remains extremely useful in scientific communication, the linearity of writing is lately appearing as inadequate to the latest models of science and to the representation of current knowledge systems. In this context the language of cartography in particular seems to be fit to work as a structural model for the representation of complex systems, and Design can find in the atlas …
Seeing What They Are Saying: Diagrams For Socio-Technical Controversies, Donato Ricci
Seeing What They Are Saying: Diagrams For Socio-Technical Controversies, Donato Ricci
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The opening of enormous databases and the possibility offered by new tools to access the heterogeneous flows of data and information emerging from the Internet could be seen as an innovative mode also to observe and represent social complex systems. The cartography of controversies, the applied version of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), is one of the examples of this new way of exploring and understanding these new information and knowledge domains. The cartography of controversies also aims at overcoming some of the limits of the traditional description of social issues by exploiting the potentialities of the information visualization and of …
Analyzing The Appearance And Wording Of Assessments: Understanding Their Impact On Students’ Perception And Understanding, And Instructors’ Processes, Stacie Rohrbach
Analyzing The Appearance And Wording Of Assessments: Understanding Their Impact On Students’ Perception And Understanding, And Instructors’ Processes, Stacie Rohrbach
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In the context of a design studio, the study presented in this paper investigates the effects that appearance and wording of assessment forms have on design students’ perception and learning. The project is motivated by hypotheses formed by a prior study, which revealed visual and textual components of assessment forms as possible influences on students’ perception and learning. Thus, the goal of this project is to investigate their impact on students and offer the study findings to educators to help them better understand and construct effective assessment tools. This paper argues that the appearance and wording of assessments convey meaning …
A Study On Design Careers And The Impact Of Gender Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun R. Kang, Nora Ladjahasan,, Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun R Kang, Nora Ladjahasan, Andrea Quam, Brytton Bjorngaard
A Study On Design Careers And The Impact Of Gender Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun R. Kang, Nora Ladjahasan,, Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun R Kang, Nora Ladjahasan, Andrea Quam, Brytton Bjorngaard
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Many of those entering the design workforce will at one point in time be affected by life choices. Some of these choices are welcomed, however, others are of necessity and are not reflective of personal preference. Life choices such as childcare, career advancement decisions, marriage, leaving the workforce, making a lateral career move, or becoming an attendant caregiver for an incapacitated family member are only a few examples of situations that can dramatically impact the course of a career in design fields. In addition, women and men may be affected differently by these choices. The purpose of this research is …
A Case Study Of An Andragogical Model In Design Education: Experiments In Interactiveteaching And Learning In Graphic Design Pedagogy, Sang-Duck Seo
A Case Study Of An Andragogical Model In Design Education: Experiments In Interactiveteaching And Learning In Graphic Design Pedagogy, Sang-Duck Seo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The purpose of this study is to seek an interactive pedagogical model in teaching graphic design in higher education. Malcolm Shepherd Knowles, an American adult educator, adopted the theory of ‘Andragogy’ which focused on self-directed learning theories. This author applied the ‘Andragogical Model’ to upper division design studios and addresses effective instructions and tips through case studies. In terms of the digital academic environment favored by Generation Y, educators in graphic design fields have been faced with difficulties balancing practical and theoretical disciplines for successful academic achievement. The challenge for educators caused by the digital culture is convincing students that …
A Survey Of Definition And Its Role In Strengthening Design Theory, Robert Andruchow
A Survey Of Definition And Its Role In Strengthening Design Theory, Robert Andruchow
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper argues that an essential task for managing complexity in design is clarification of key terms within the field, and most importantly the term that defines the field itself: Design. This position rests on the argument that theory—a key tool for managing complexity in design—is weakened by ambiguous terminology, and crucially, ambiguity of the word design. Although it has been well documented that design is a highly ambiguous term and that this is problematic for the field as a whole, many designers are resigned to this fact since it is unclear how one can resolve differences of opinion about …
Visual Means For Collaboration Across Disciplines, Mercè Graell-Colas
Visual Means For Collaboration Across Disciplines, Mercè Graell-Colas
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The complexity of today’s design problems—the global economy, rate of change in new technologies, the challenges of sustainability development—requires diverse design teams, comprised of multiple disciplines as well as multiple cultures, to look at broader and different perspectives and larger scopes of investigation. Due to the multilayered and multifaceted interactions between team members, effective communication and collaboration among people in multidisciplinary design teams becomes critical to ensure a project’s success, in particular, and for innovation, in general. Research shows that one of the most important aspects of collaboration is effective information sharing—shared knowledge and shared understanding among all team members …
A Proposal For The Web 2.0 Revolution In Online Design Education: Opportunities For Virtual Design Learning Using Social Networking Technologies, Karen Kwan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
New Web 2.0 tools are enabling new avenues for online communication. Social networks that have sprung up from these tools are not only the basis of information dissemination but also a means of sustained learning. Educators are now able to investigate beyond traditional teaching pedagogies and student participation roles. By exploring learning theories and the philosophies of design education, this research proposes a framework for leveraging recent innovations in social networking technologies to facilitate these values in an online environment. Unlike many other subject areas, at the center of design learning is an underlying method of inquiry and dialogue that …
Interactive Tools And Online Communities That Support Media Literacy, Lane Marty Maxwell, Rinnert Gretchen
Interactive Tools And Online Communities That Support Media Literacy, Lane Marty Maxwell, Rinnert Gretchen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Discussions about online media often neglect the engagement and interpretation of these technologies. The Internet has become a primary resource for learning, but schools are often not prepared to train students to understand online content. Outside of the classroom teenagers are active online. Conversely, many schools rely solely on analog tools to teach this already digital generation. This disconnect may result in teenagers who are not prepared to be critical digital citizens. According to research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University, teenagers tend to rely on the look of online information to determine credibility. As design software …
A Didactical Framework To Experiment The Potential Of Visual Languages In Engaging Social Complexity, Francesca Valsecchi, Paolo Ciuccarelli, Donato Ricci, Giorgio Caviglia
A Didactical Framework To Experiment The Potential Of Visual Languages In Engaging Social Complexity, Francesca Valsecchi, Paolo Ciuccarelli, Donato Ricci, Giorgio Caviglia
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Development models often apply expert knowledge to social needs using a top-down approach, thus rendering these models insufficient in coping with the issues of a complex world. Effective changes in social systems arise from iterative and dialogic processes in which information and knowledge are exchanged between heterogeneous actors, building a common background that enables a shared hypothesis. The design approach involves the ability to select results from various disciplinary fields, activating a trans-disciplinary circulation of concepts. Designers should use their skills to facilitate the emergence of a system, rather than concentrating on finding solutions to specific and well-identified problems. The …
Engaging Complexity Through Collaborative Brand Design, Manuela Taboada, Leo Xc Dutra, Robert Haworth, Rebecca Spence
Engaging Complexity Through Collaborative Brand Design, Manuela Taboada, Leo Xc Dutra, Robert Haworth, Rebecca Spence
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In this research we used inductive reasoning through design to understand how stakeholders in the Waterfall Way (New South Wales, Australia) perceive the relationships between themselves and the place they live in. This paper describes a collaborative design methodology used to release information about local identities, which guided the regional brand exercise. The methodology is explicit about the uncertainties and complexities of the design process and of its reception system. As such, it aims to engage with local stakeholders and experts in order to help elicit tacit knowledge and identify system patterns and trends that would possibly not be visible …
Synergizing Positivistic And Aesthetic Approaches To Improve The Development Of Interactive, Visual Systems Design, Michael R. Gibson, Daniel Peak, Victor Prybutok
Synergizing Positivistic And Aesthetic Approaches To Improve The Development Of Interactive, Visual Systems Design, Michael R. Gibson, Daniel Peak, Victor Prybutok
DRS Biennial Conference Series
An extensive literature review undertaken at the outset of this endeavor revealed that the current status of interactive visual systems development, implementation and sustenance has evolved from theory and research that is neither especially pluralistic nor synergistic. There exist two distinct systems design approaches: 1. the largely positivistic and functionally guided approaches derived from the realm of information technology (IT), and 2. the incorporation of the more qualitatively based, aesthetically and experientially guided approaches derived from the realm of dynamic interaction design. The authors hypothesized that this paradigmatic schism required a new approach that could bridge fundamental gaps in knowledge …
Designing For Cultural Diversity: Participatory Design, Immigrant Women And Shared Creativity, Naureen Mumtaz
Designing For Cultural Diversity: Participatory Design, Immigrant Women And Shared Creativity, Naureen Mumtaz
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Immigration and multiculturalism are realities of the globalized world that has given rise to subcultures, which possess specialized knowledge. This increasing interaction among people from diverse cultures has produced a complex ethno-cultural mosaic that presents formidable challenges for visual communication designers’ as well as for other designers. Cultural diversity of designers and audience of messages in a design scenario brings complexity in the design research process. This research study explores an effective visual communication language, through the medium of the poster, for culturally diverse audience of immigrant women in Edmonton, Canada. The decision was informed by triangulated results from a …
Findability Of Commodities By Consumers: Distinguishing Different Packaging Designs, Regina W.Y. Wang, Mu-Chien Chou
Findability Of Commodities By Consumers: Distinguishing Different Packaging Designs, Regina W.Y. Wang, Mu-Chien Chou
DRS Biennial Conference Series
What package design features can help consumers find commodities faster? This study assumes that the factors in distinguishing different packaging designs of commodities differ due to consumers’ different personal experiences. Thus, this paper studies the findability of commodities by consumers through distinct packaging designs. It consists mainly of two stages: (a) the first stage reviews the existing literature to determine the application of different package designs; (b) the second stage is a focus group interview designed to investigate the factors influencing consumers in distinguishing different package designs. In the investigation process, (i) samples of package bottles for testing were collected …
Educational Assessment In Emerging Areas Of Design: Toward The Development Of A Systematic Framework Based On A Study Of Rubrics, Stacie Rohrbach
Educational Assessment In Emerging Areas Of Design: Toward The Development Of A Systematic Framework Based On A Study Of Rubrics, Stacie Rohrbach
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper presents a formative study that investigates the perceived effectiveness of rubrics as assessment tools by communication and industrial design educators and first year design students in the context of a design studio. The project is motivated by the increasing challenge of assessing subjective and intangible attributes that are associated with the teaching of emerging areas in design, and society's growing need for measurable results. The goal of this project is to shed light on the perceived successes and failures of a specific assessment tool, known as a rubric, and use this information to improve students' and educators' understanding, …
The Social Role Of Design On Collaborative Destination Branding: Creating A New Journey, A New Story For The Waterfall Way, New South Wales, Australia, Manuela Taboada, Robert J Haworth, Rebecca Spence
The Social Role Of Design On Collaborative Destination Branding: Creating A New Journey, A New Story For The Waterfall Way, New South Wales, Australia, Manuela Taboada, Robert J Haworth, Rebecca Spence
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper suggests that collaborative design can be an effective tool to promote social change. A co-design methodology and the results of its application in branding the Waterfall Way (New South Wales, Australia) as an eco- and nature-based tourism destination are presented as an example. The co-design exercise actively involved stakeholders in all stages of the design process, harnessing local tacit knowledge in relation to communication design, stimulating reflection upon what is special about the places, and consequently reinforcing a sense of belonging and the environmental and cultural conservation of place. The achieved results reflect the involvement and ownership of …
A Case Study Of Applied Co-Design In 3d Virtual Space For Facilitating Bicycle Use On Light Rail Systems, James Arnold
A Case Study Of Applied Co-Design In 3d Virtual Space For Facilitating Bicycle Use On Light Rail Systems, James Arnold
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Cycling is highly recommended by experts concerned with environmental and public health. Cycling does not produce CO2 emissions, can be economical, and can improve physical fitness. However, the barriers to cycling remain significant to many. Combined with a light rail system the bicycle offers a compelling alternative to automobiles; yet, bicycles are denied access on certain rail systems because they can take too much space away from pedestrians who share the light rail interior. To help solve this problem, Co-Design in 3D virtual space is proposed as an effective means of creating an innovative design solution. The digital questionnaires and …
The Digital Cultural Atlas Project: Design Research And Cultural Narratives. An Experiential Approach For Design Education., Kaye Shumack
The Digital Cultural Atlas Project: Design Research And Cultural Narratives. An Experiential Approach For Design Education., Kaye Shumack
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper outlines an approach developed for teaching research methods in a graphic design program, working in an interdisciplinary context with cultural researchers. Initially, the Digital Cultural Atlas (DCA) is introduced, as a 'work-in-progress' web site, which locates a diversity of geographic and place-based cultural resources across Greater Western Sydney. The initial information architecture consists of ‘bird's eye view' cartographic maps and cultural project resources. Through a teaching project in design research, students consider ways in which experiential ‘on the ground' visual stories can be included. Initial student research identifies a diversity of observed cultural community contexts and situations. This …
Dialogical Encounter Argument As A Source Of Rigour In The Practice Based Phd, Sally Mclaughlin
Dialogical Encounter Argument As A Source Of Rigour In The Practice Based Phd, Sally Mclaughlin
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper distinguishes between three views of argument: 'argument as structure,' 'argument as confrontation' and 'argument as dialogical encounter.' Empirical studies of the criteria that examiners bring to the assessment of PhDs are cited. The studies provide evidence that qualities that align one or other of the three modes of argument figure significantly in the criteria that examiners bring to the assessment process. Embedded in the studies are respondents' comments that suggest that the range of conceptions of argument held by PhD examiners is broad. Explicit use of the term 'argument' is often made in reference to a minimal concept …
Making Exhibitions, Brokering Meaning: Designing New Connections Across Communities Of Practice, Anita Kocsis, Carolyn Barnes
Making Exhibitions, Brokering Meaning: Designing New Connections Across Communities Of Practice, Anita Kocsis, Carolyn Barnes
DRS Biennial Conference Series
New media museum exhibits often see designers representing the research of expert content providers. Despite perceptions that such exhibits provide museum visitors with a greater depth and range of experience, differences in knowledge and practice between designers and content providers can see content development become an unruly, competitive process in which audience experience, digital mediation, visualisation techniques and meaning become contested territory. Drawing on Etienne Wenger's theory of 'communities of practice', this paper argues that designers' advocacy for audiences and distance from exhibition content well positions them to broker interdisciplinary goal setting so that exhibitions observe the representational objectives of …
Design For Social And Environmental Enterprise, Clare Brass, Flora Bowden
Design For Social And Environmental Enterprise, Clare Brass, Flora Bowden
DRS Biennial Conference Series
SEED Foundation undertakes action research to develop new, innovative ways for design to most effectively contribute towards sustainable development. The research that follows is not the result of academic investigations but rather, a culmination of 20 years direct professional involvement in the sector. By aligning current political goals with cutting edge design thinking and good business sense, this paper presents our ideas on how more designers can profitably solve social and environmental problems through their work. It specifically investigates how the still emerging discipline of service design, in dealing more with relationships and experiences than material objects, offers inherent social …
Food As Experience A Design And Evaluation Methodology, Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun Kang, Roger Baer, Nora Ladjahasan
Food As Experience A Design And Evaluation Methodology, Debra Satterfield, Sunghyun Kang, Roger Baer, Nora Ladjahasan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This research, conducted for Frito Lay-North America, Inc, demonstrates how new product designs, package designs, concepts, and prototypes can be created based on the social, emotional, cognitive, and sensory information gathered through a combined methodology based on activity theory, Kansei Engineering and the ZMET process. The study examines how activity theory can be used to observe situational settings mediated by products for the purpose of collecting significant social and behavioral data. It also examines how Kansei methods can be used to evaluate sensory experiences and how the ZMET process can be used to gather demographic and marketing data. The outcome …
Concept Blending And Dissimilarity: Factors For Creative Design Process: A Comparison Between The Linguistic Interpretation Process And Design Process, Yukari Nagai, Toshiharu Taura, Futoshi Mukai
Concept Blending And Dissimilarity: Factors For Creative Design Process: A Comparison Between The Linguistic Interpretation Process And Design Process, Yukari Nagai, Toshiharu Taura, Futoshi Mukai
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study investigated the design process in order to clarify the characteristics of the essence of the creative design process vis-a -vis the interpretation process, by carrying out design experiments. The authors analyzed the characteristics of the creative design process by comparing it with the linguistic interpretation process, from the viewpoints of thought types (analogy, blending, and thematic relation) and recognition types (commonalities and alignable and nonalignable differences). A new concept can be created by using the noun-noun phrase as the process of synthesizing two concepts—the simplest and most essential process in formulating a new concept from existing ones. Furthermore, …
Designing For Design Activity, Sunghyun Kang
Designing For Design Activity, Sunghyun Kang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The area of graphic design has expanded since digital media was introduced, and it requires new creative thinking skills in the design process. This paper proposes a design process for a graphic design graduate class using activity theory as a theoretical background. This design process consists of three phases to solve the design problems within diverse design projects. Each phase was examined in terms of how the elements of activity theory could apply to the design process. As a research method, Engeström's activity system model was adapted and explored in the design processes. A case study is presented to see …
Visual Rhetoric In Outdoor Advertising, Marja Seliger
Visual Rhetoric In Outdoor Advertising, Marja Seliger
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The paper presents a research, the aim of which is to find out how graphic expressions and visual language can be used for persuasion. The research material consists of outdoor advertisements photographed in their actual exhibition places in a city environment. Outdoor advertising media, which are used to communicate visual messages from a sender to several addressees, participate in building the visual city culture and open manifold solutions in design. The visual language used in the research material is analyzed in order to find out how advertising messages, their denotations and connotations, are constructed and how arguments used for persuasion …
Yeşilçam Film Posters Of The 60s And 70s: Representing Romance, Nazli Eda Noyan
Yeşilçam Film Posters Of The 60s And 70s: Representing Romance, Nazli Eda Noyan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Cinema and movie poster have the most powerful potential of establishing the ethos and mythology of people, and both assume an audience on the premises of a cultural context within which they are produced. So a movie poster contributing to mass communication through designed visual means contains a lot of information about film industry, evolution of design, craftsmanship, and the taste of the artists and society as well as standing for a strong evidence of its time. The decade 1965-1975 is important for Turkish cinema for being the golden years of this industry. Besides all the good memories associated with …