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Visible And Invisible Women In Land-Grant Colleges, 1890-1940, Alison Comish Thorne

Faculty Honor Lectures

The role and status of women in land-grant colleges has not really been studied. As many of these institutions have approached their centennials and have reflected on their past achievements, the lack of research about women faculty, women students, women staff, and faculty wives has been astounding. In part, our misperceptions or ignorance concerning women in this institutional setting is understandable. Like many women in other historical milieus, women at land-grant institutions have been invisible. Because they were rarely administrators, because they composed such a small part of the faculty, and often because of the discipline in which they taught, …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 3, Fall 1985

Utah Science

72 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR UTAH AGRICULTURE: HARNESSING THE NEW TECHNOLOGY An overview of the biotechnology's potential contributions and a synopsis of some of the related research supported by the Experiment Station.

80 UNDERSTANDING THE CAPRICIOUS GREAT SALT LAKE G. E. Bingham, E. A. Richardson, and G. L. Ashcroft Researchers have used several analytical techniques and a variety of data in their attempts to discover why water levels change in the Great Salt Lake. They have discovered important precipitation patterns and apparently identified the additional information needed to help them predict changes in lake level.

86 DETERMINING AGRICULTURE'S CONTRIBUTION TO UTAH'S ECONOMY …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 2, Summer 1985

Utah Science

39 IRRIGATION'S DEVELOPMENT AND PATTERNS OF LIFE IN UTAH C. S. Peterson Early water development exerted a major influence on life in Utah.

44 GROUND COVERS W. A. Varga Versatile and attractive ground covers can solve several landscape problems.

48 BIG GAME ON PRIVATE LANDS: WHO BENEFITS (OR LOSES)? D. B. Nielsen, D. D. Lytle, and F. Wagstaff Landowners derive some economic benefits from big game, but it appears that the costs of damage due to deer and elk exceed income from leasing of hunting rights.

52 FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF ALFALFA HAY D. W. James, P. V. Fonnesbeck, …

Early Development Of The Vertebrate Limb: An Introduction To Morphogenetic Tissue Interactions Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Robert O. Kelley

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The developing limbs of most vertebrates serve as a model system for studies of morphogenesis, pattern formation, cell and tissue interactions and cell differentiation. Mesoderm in the flank of the embryo induces overlying ectoderm to form a thickened, stratified or pseudo-stratified epithelium which becomes the highly specialized apical ectodermal ridge. In turn, the apical ridge specifies individual limb parts (first from structures proximal to the body axis, then to more distal components) and is required for those elements to form. If the ridge is removed, subsequent limb development ceases and no further limb parts appear. The series of ectodermal-mesodermal interactions …

Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis In The Rat: Is It A Model For Human Stone Disease? A Review Of Recent Literature, S. R. Khan, R. L. Hackett

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Calcium oxalate stone disease is the most common human urinary stone disease in the Western Hemisphere. To understand different aspects of the disease, calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the rat is used as a model. Spontaneous calcium oxalate urolithiasis is very rare in rats. Thus the disease is experimentally induced and the rats are generally made hyperoxaluric either by administration of excess oxalate, exposure to the toxin ethylene glycol, or various nutritional manipulations. All the experimental models show renal injury associated with crystal deposition. Calcium oxalate crystals are in most cases intraluminal in renal tubules and often attached to the basal …

Effects Of Dietary Levels Of Essential Fatty Acids On Rotaviral Gastroenteritis In Infant Mice, Kamyar Abolhassan Zahedi

Biology

Effects of dietary levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) on rotaviral gastroenteritis were studied using the infant mouse as the model animal. Female mice were placed on diets devoid of EFA (0%) for 30 days. Nine days prior to breeding they were divided into three groups receiving 25%, 100% and 200% of the normally recommended quantity of dietary EFAs and were kept on this diet throughout the studies. Two-day-old offspring were infected orally with cesium chloride-purified murine rotavirus (MRV) and the extent of infection was determined. The severity of diarrhea, as exhibited by greater ratios of intestinal weight to whole …

Studies On The Proteinase Negative Lactic Streptococci, Craig J. Oberg

Biology

Cheddar cheese was manufactured with a proteinase negative strain of Streptococcus cremoris and from a proteinase positive commercial blend, Cheese curing was measured for one year. Soluble nitrogen as a percent of total nitrogen was analyzed at 30, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days of age. Five expert cheese graders judged the cheese at 15, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days of age. All of the cheese graded in the superior range for the six grading catagories; flavor, body, texture, total cheese grade, curdiness, and cheese flavor intensity. The cheese made with proteinase negative cultures graded best in overall texture …

Growth And Development Of The Black Grass Bug (Labops Hesperius Uhler) In The State Of Utah, Eric M. Coombs

Biology

The growth and development of the black grass bug Labops hesperius Uhler was observed to be a definitive process highly correlated with the accumulation of thermal energy units; chill units and growing degree hours. Development of a laboratory model demonstrated that there were considerable variations due to abiotic and biotic factors in the field that resulted in the field to laboratory growing degree hour and chill unit ratios to average about 0.55, with a base temperature of 4.5 C. Chill requirements to break egg diapause in 90 percent of the grass bug eggs tested required 1100 chill units in the …

Anthropometry, Metabolic Control And Dietary Intake Of Youth With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Rochelle A. Follaco Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic.

The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for …

Factors Which Influence The Development Of Bloom (Redness) In Dark Colored Muscle, William Russell Egbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of acidification, low temperature, high oxygen concentration, and rotenone on the color of dark colored beef muscle were determined by use of the Hunter color difference meter. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle homogenates bloomed (turned bright red) in the presence of low pH or rotenone. Dark cutting homogenates also bloomed at low temperature. Pre-rigor and dark cutting muscle slices turned bright red at low temperature in an oxygen atmosphere. In dark cutting beef muscle however, low temperature was sufficient to cause the development of bloom. Factors which inhibit mitochondrial respiration influence the development of bloom in dark colored …

Modifying Lamb/Mutton Flavors In Processed Meat Products By Smoking, Curing, Spicing, Starter Cultures And Fat Modifications. Investigating The Use Of The Technicon Infraalyzer 400r As A Rapid Method For Proximate Analysis, Chima I. Osuala

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutton meat was tested in different products in order to obtain prototype products in which mutton can effectively be used without the objectionable mutton off flavor. Mutton flavor reduction was achieved in the processed meat products by: (a) lowering mutton fat to a level of 10% or less, (b) using spices, smoking and/or curing, (c) substituting fat from beef or pork for mutton fat, and (d) the action of microbial starter cultures. Four taste panel sessions were set up to rate these products against an all beef or all pork control for consumer acceptability. Taste panel results indicate that flavor …

Effect Of Iron On Residual Nitrite Level In Ground Pork And Model Systems, Changmin Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of iron, temperature, and presence of botulinal spores or sodium ascorbate on depletion of nitrite level were determined in meat and model systems. Higher temperature and presence of botulinal spores definitely increased nitrite depletion in a meat system. Added hemoglobin also significantly increased nitrite depletion, while ferrous iron and ferric iron did not significantly decrease nitrite level in a meat system. High temperature and presence of sodium ascorbate increased nitrite depletion in a model system. Only ferrous iron significantly decreased nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate, while ferric iron, heme iron, and ferritin iron did not decrease …

Effect Of Proteolytic Activity Of Streptococcus Cremoris On Cottage Cheese Yield, Gary W. Stoddard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Using proteinase negative variants of Streptococcus cremoris UC310 or UC320 to manufacture cottage cheese, theoretical yields were increased 1.97% and 1.56% respectively when compared to the theoretical yields of the proteinase positive parents. Yield differences were strain dependent and differences between positive and negative variants were not manifest with strains of UC73 and UC97. It was necessary to produce bulk culture using pH control and to add sufficient nitrogenous stimulant to provide carry-over stimulant into the cheese milk. All cultures examined developed normally even when the bulk medium contained a blend of 5% yeast extract and casein hydrolysate. It was …

Iron Requirement Of Clostridium Botulinum Type A And Characterization Of Iron-Sulfur Proteins In Nitrite Treated And Untreated Botulinal Cells, Divya Shree A. Reddy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of added iron on the growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in a chemically defined medium was studied. Growth of C. botulinum was supported by an iron level of 0.05 ug/ml with maximum growth observed at a level of 3 ug iron/ml.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted to detect the presence of iron-sulfur centers and iron-nitric oxide complexes in untreated and nitrite treated cell-free extracts of C. botulinum type A. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum exhibited EPR signals in the oxidized and reduced states characteristic of a "HiPiP-type" iron-sulfur center (g=2.02) in the oxidized state and …

Effects Of Bulk Starter Media And Proteolytic Lactic Streptococci On Protein Loss In Cheddar Curd Manufacture, Steven A. Winkel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of whey-based and milk-based starter media, and low concentrations (0.02% each) of citrate, phosphate and calcium upon various milk coagulation properties were measured. Samples inoculated with milk-based starter medium had shorter coagulation times, faster rate of curd formation, and greater final curd firmness than those inoculated with externally neutralized whey-based starter. Starter medium treatment was statistically interacted with calcium for coagulation time and rate of curd formation. Citrate addition caused longer coagulation times, slower rates of curd formation, and weaker final coagula. Citrate interacted with calcium and phosphate for several of the parameters measured. Addition of phosphate did …

Reduction Of Sodium Nitrite And Sodium Chloride In A Cured Meat Product By Using Acid Development To Inhibit Botulinal Toxin Formation, Angsana Assamongkorn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pediococcus acidilactici as a lactic acid producer, and sucrose were added to breakfast strip products in order to reduce added levels of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride and yet limit the growth of Clostridium botulinum and inhibit toxin production. Sucrose at 0.4 or 0.9% with P. acidilactici at 1.0 x 10⁸ cells/g were added during preparation of breakfast strip products prepared with combinations of 40 or 80 ppm sodium nitrite and 1.0 or 2.0% sodium chloride. Other ingredients were added at levels normally used in cured meat products. C. botulinum types A and B at 1,000 spores/g were inoculated …

Effects Of Antiepileptic Drugs On Immune Function In Human Subjects And Mice, Nadine C. Margaretten

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of immune abnormalities have been found in epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED). The alterations seen range from mild suppression of immunoglobulins to severly impaired humoral and cellular immunities. There is evidence for both drug effects and genetic or acquired factors as contributors to these abnormalities. In order to examine the basis for immune abnormalities in patients with epilepsy, a number of experimental designs were employed: clinical studies, in vitro studies, and use of an animal model.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from epileptic patients currently receiving AED were found to have a reduced OKT4+/0KT8+ ratio. …

Seasonal Feeding Behavior And Forage Selection By Goats In Cleared And Thinned Deciduous Woodlands In Northeast Brazil, Roberto Cesar Magalhaes Mesquita

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The seasonal feeding behavior, forage preferences and body weight responses of goats were studied under three densities of woodland (called caatinga), and under three stocking rates. The experiment was located in the semi-arid tropics of northeastern Brazil at 3 42' South latitude, and 40 21' West longitude at an elevation of 75 meters. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 832 mm.

Removing the shrubs and trees increased yields of herbaceous only on partially-cleared sites. Goats gained body weight (kg BW/ha) during the wet season, with the cleared treatment showing the best body weight response per unit of land. However …

Habit Reversal Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa, Ken Small

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although several writers have emphasized the habit-like characteristics of bulimia nervosa, no study has investigated the extent to which bulimia responds to treatment specifically for habit disorders. Habit reversal is a general treatment plan which teaches individuals to regain lost awareness of all aspects of a habit. The habit is then interrupted at the earliest movement in the chain by a physically competing response. Habit reversal (Azrin & Nunn, 1973) has been effective in treating other habits (e.g., stuttering, tics, bruxism). In the present study, habit reversal was adapted for the treatment of bulimia.

In response to newspaper advertisements, ten …

A Comparison Of Evaluation Models For Handicap Intervention In A Head Start Program, Carin Niebuhr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Model A and Model C Title I evaluation options were compared by using both options to measure the effectiveness of handicap intervention in a Head Start program. Two hundred three children in Jackson County (Oregon) were pretested with the Developmental Indicators of Learning Test (DIAL), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Visual-Motor Integration Scale (VMI), and the Carrow Elicited Language Inventory (CELI). The 43 children who scored below the predetermined cut-off level were placed in a six-month intervention program. One hundred forty-nine children remaining in the Head Start program in May were posttested with the same tests. Model …

Effect Of Overall Indispensible Amino Acid Levels On Performance Of Broiler Chicks, Jack D. Kelly

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An attempt was made to determine the effect of overall indispensible amino acids (IAAs) level on growth rate and efficiency of broiler chicks. There were two overall levels: the low (8.33% IAA, 17.6% CP containing all IAAs at the minimum requirement found in preliminary studies), and the high (10.77% IAA, 21.5% CP with IAAs increased by 28%). Both diets contained 13.7 Megajoules ME (3277 Kcal) per kilogram.

These two diets along with other variations of the two diets were fed to Hubbard chicks. Growth rate, with the low IAA diet was as good as with the high, but feed efficiency …

Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate And Magnesium Oxide For Early Postpartum Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects Upon Milk Coagulation Parameters, Shu-Chuan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-eight Holstein cows at Utah State Dairy Farm were blocked statistically according to date of calving, previous milk production, and numbers of lactation at parturition. The cattle were assigned randomly to one of four treatments within blocks. The four treatments included a base ration (control, treatment #1), base ration plus .8% of sodium bicarbonate (treatment #2), base ration plus .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #3), and base ration plus both .8% of sodium bicarbonate and .4% of magnesium oxide (treatment #4). The research was conducted from February 1983 to November 1984. A formagraph was used to measure milk coagulation parameters …

Predicting Digestibilities Of Alfalfa Hays With Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, David H. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-four alfalfa hays from different cuttings, maturities, and locations were fed to sheep in a digestion study. Subsamples of the hays along with corresponding fecal samples were ground and analyzed for dry matter, (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and permanganate lignin. In vivo digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined fro each hay.

The hay and fecal samples were scanned with a near infrared reflectance spectrophotometer. Chemical and digestible data for each hay and fecal sample were entered into the computer and separate multiple regression equations developed.

Fifteen other alfalfa hays with …

Practical Applications Of Research: "Enough To Curdle Milk", Gary Haight Richardson

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is a privilege to be given this opportunity and a challenge to present material in a narrow discipline in a way that might be appreciated by many. I like to think I can relate to other disciplines. Although I came to Utah State University to be a music major, a concerned father foresaw that I might not earn a living in this area (he had heard me practice) and suggested an interview with A. 1. Morris before checking into the Music Department. A. 1., Head of the Dairy Manufacturing Department, was as convincing and persuasive as Tony Ernstrom is, …

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 1, Spring 1985

Utah Science

1 POISON-IVY IN UTAH R. J. Shaw and M. C. Williams Conditions seem to favor the spread of this plant, now found in 17 of the state's 29 counties.

7 TRICHOMES: A POTENTIAL DEFENSE AGAINST GRASS BUGS W. F. Campbell and Y. H. Ling Insect-resistant grasses may be a practical method of controlling range pests and serve as the foundation for an integrated system of pest control.

10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR POTATOES T. W. Helms and J. L. Bushnell Better irrigation scheduling and disease control have markedly cut production costs and improved yields.

14 LIMITING EROSION ON FROZEN GROUND …

The Growth Of Fetal Human Sensory Ganglion Neurons In Culture: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Seung U. Kim, Kookmin M. Kim, Giuseppe Moretto, James H. Kim

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Sensory neurons of 8-week human fetal dorsal root ganglia were dissociated into single cells by trypsinization and cultured on coverslips for 4 months, in either serum-containing or serum-free chemically defined media. At different times the cultures were fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Fetal sensory neurons in culture regenerated axons within 24 hours which were characterized by axonal growth cones at their tips and the neuronal perikarya assumed spherical or a bonnet-like morphology.

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Microstructure Of Meat Emulsions In Relation To Fat Stabilization, Chong M. Lee

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Ultrastructural Studies On The Cultivation Processes And Growth And Development Of The Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus Bisporus, D. A. Wood, G. D. Craig, P. T. Atkey, R. J. Newsam, K. Gull

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy have been used to study various processes in the cultivation of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus . Mushrooms are cultured on composted wheat straw. The microbial degradation processes during composting have been visualised by TEM and SEM and correlated with microbiological studies . Various modes of attack by the microorganisms on the plant cell walls can be seen. Most rapid degradation occurred on the cuticle and phloem and spread to other cell types. Microbial attack was found to be nonuniform between tissue types and individual cells. The mycelium of …

Fruit Canning Methods, Georgia C. Lauritzen

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives instructions for canning various different types of fruit.