Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of The Estimate Of Resting Metabolic Rate On The Correlation Between Energy Expenditure As Estimated Using Self-Reports Of Physical Activity And Food Intake Records In Older Adults, Judy Hurd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in adults at least 50 years of age. The goal was to determine the effect of the estimate of resting metabolic rate (RMR) on the relationship between energy expenditure estimates made using (a) self-reports of physical activity and (b) food intake records. The objectives were to determine if (a) RMR estimates based on body composition, body weight, and the metabolic cart were strongly related to each other, and (b) TDEE estimates based on a 7-day physical activity diary and a 7-day food intake record were more strongly related to each other when …

Pretherapy Videotape Presentation For Eating Disorder Clients: Development And Evaluation, Benita J. Quakenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. Earlier studies support the use of pretherapy training to help clients understand the tasks and challenges of therapy. However, a pretherapy intervention, such as showing prospective clients a video that outlines recovery issues and themes, had not yet been developed specifically for the prevalent, recalcitrant problem of eating disorders. Thus, of particular interest to clinicians who treat eating disorders may be the development of a theoretically sound, pretherapy videotape that outlines recovery issues.

One of the purposes of this study was to review prior investigations …

Utilization Of Spatially Distributed Soil Resources By Several Species Common To The Great Basin, Sarah Duke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Heterogeneous spatial and temporal distributions of soil resources important to plant growth have been documented in the sagebrush steppe ecosystem. There can exist as much variability in soil resources within the root zone of individual plants as exists across an entire field. The objective of this dissertation research was to evaluate how plants respond to, utilize and influence the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources. The three specific sets of questions addressed are outlined in the three main chapters of this dissertation.

My first study addressed how the number and concentration of phosphorus (P) patches in the root zone of an …

Ammonium And Nitrate Effects On Growth, Development And Nutrient Uptake Of Hydroponic Wheat, Thomas M. Hooten

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The long-term effects of low and high NH₄⁺/ NO₃^- uptake ratios in a system with rigorous control of pH and nitrogen concentration are poorly understood. In two replicate studies, two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were grown to maturity with three NH₄⁺/ NO₃^- ratios in hydroponic solution: 0/100, 25/75, and 85/15%. Nitrogen was controlled at ample levels throughout the 70-d life cycle and pH was controlled at 5.8 ± 0.2. An equimolar ratio of NH₄⁺ to Cl^- was used to facilitate charge balance. Nitrogen consumption …

Influence Of Streptococcus Thermophilus Mr-1c Capsular Exopolysaccharide On Cheese Moisture Level, Deborah Low

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in cheese moisture retention. Analysis of low-fat Mozzarella cheese made with different combinations of EPS-producing (Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MR-lR) and non-EPS-producing (S. thermophilus TA061 and L. helveticus LH100) starters showed significantly higher moisture levels in cheese made with S. thermophilus MR-1C. To determine if the S. thermophilus MR-1C EPS was responsible for increased moisture retention, gene replacement was used to inactivate the epsE gene in this bacterium. Low-fat Mozzarella cheese made with L. helveticus LH100 plus the EPS-negative mutant, S. thermophilus DM1O, had significantly lower …

Study Of Ripening Characteristics Of Full-Fat And Low-Fat Cheddar Cheese Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy And Texture Analyzer, Manxiang Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A suitable microtome sampling technique was used to sample cheese for analysis using FTIR spectroscopy. Well-separated fat- and protein-related bands were obtained in the spectra of Cheddar and Mozzarella cheese samples using this method. The absorbance intensity of the spectra was proportional to the thickness of the sample. The intensity of absorbance and fat- and protein-related bands increased with an increase in the fat and protein content in the sample. Strong and well-separated bands at 1744, 1450, 1240, 1170, and 1115 cm^-1 arising mainly from fat content were observed using this method. Bands observed at 1650 and 1540 cm …

Diet, Health Practices, And Variables Associated With Breastfeeding In Caucasian And Asian Participants In The Special Supplemental Food Program For Women, Infants, And Children: A Comparative Study, Rebecca E. Blaine

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The United States Department of Health and Human Services wrote Healthy People 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. One major goal is to reduce the mortality rate for infants by reducing low birthweight. The disparities have been great when goals and objectives are applied to poor and minority populations.

Objectives have been set to reduce risk factors associated with low infant birthweight. These include addressing inappropriate health practices, and appropriate nutrition for mother and infant.

Forty-eight Asian and 50 Caucasian participants were compared for maternal diet, health practices, breastfeeding initiation and duration, and infant growth parameters. Data were …

Effect Of Aging On The Quality Of Beef Semitendinosus Muscle Treated With Ultra High Temperature Pasteurization, Habiba Ali Nur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aging on the tenderness and palatability of beef from the semitendinosus muscle of the round. Tenderness may be affected by the length of the aging period and the aging temperature. Steaks from the semitendinosus muscle were stored for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hr at two temperatures, 43.3°C and 2.2°C. Ultra high temperature (UHT) pasteurization was accomplished by subjecting the meat to 1100°C for 20 seconds. UHT pasteurization denatures surface proteins, destroys vegetative pathogens, and eliminates some spoilage organisms from the surface of the meat. UHT -treated …

Tryptophan Catabolism By Lactobacillus Spp. : Biochemistry And Implications On Flavor Development In Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese, Sanjay Gummalla

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Amino acids derived from the degradation of casein in cheese serve as precursors for the generation of key flavor compounds. Microbial degradation of tryptophan (Trp) is thought to promote formation of aromatic compounds that impart putrid fecal or unclean flavors in cheese, but pathways for their production have not been established. This study investigated tryptophan catabolism by Lactobacillus casei LC301 and LC202 and Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 and LH212 cheese flavor adjuncts in carbohydrate starvation (pH 6.5, 30 or 37°C, no sugar) and cheese-like conditions (pH 5.2, 4% NaCl, 15°C, no sugar). Enzyme assays of cell-free extracts revealed both species of …

Characterization Of The Proteolytic System In Lactococcus Lactis Starter Cultures, Christina Beer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The proteolytic system of Lactococcus lactis starter cultures influences both flavor and the characteristic body and texture of cheese. The ability to further understand and control how different components of this proteolytic system work together to hydrolyze milk proteins would be of immense importance to the dairy industry.

The goal of this research was to characterize Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis starter bacteria with varying prt operon compositions by proteinase specificity, aminopeptidase and lipase activities, growth, and influence on cheese flavor. By using a cheese slurry system, a statistical model to predict milk protein hydrolysis patterns was developed.

Lactococcus lactis subsp. …

Establishing Threshold Levels Of Nitrite Causing Pinking Of Cooked Meat, Kevin M. Heaton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sporadic problems with pink color defect, or pinking, has occurred in cooked meat products for decades. Pink color can be due to the presence of undenatured myoglobin, denatured globin hemochromes, or nitrosylhemochrome. This research documented the level of added nitrite that produced nitrosylhemochrome in processed meat rolls from fabricated beef round, pork shoulder, turkey breast, and chicken breast. For each meat type, preliminary studies were conducted to narrow the range at which added nitrite caused pinking. Subsequently, the nitrite levels were increased incrementally by 1-ppm, and pink color was measured by trained panelists and by a Hunter color meter. Nitrosylhemochrome …

The Effects Of A Very-Low-Calorie-Diet On Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, And Biochemical Data In Obese Outpatients, Charlene A. Perkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Obesity is a disease of major proportion in the United States. The Surgeon General has identified obesity as a national health problem that affects approximately 34 million Americans.

The aim of this study was to investigate the very-low-calorie diet, Optifast 70. Measurements for resting energy expenditure (REE} and body composition via circumference measurements (CBF} and infrared photospectromerty (NIR} with a Futrex 5000 were collected at weeks 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25. Biochemical data, including serum chemistry panel (SMA-12} and complete blood count (CBC}, were collected on weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25. Lipid profiles were drawn …

Influence Of Stress Treatments On The Resistance Of Lactococcus Lactis To Freezing And Freeze-Drying, Chan Lin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the effect of cold, heat, or osmotic shock treatment on the resistance of L. lactis subsp. cremoris MM160 and MM310 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MM210 and FG2 cheese starter bacteria to freezing and freeze-drying. The ability to withstand freezing at -60°C for 24 h was variable among lactococci, but resistance to this treatment was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in most strains by a 2-h cold shock at l0°C or a 25-min heat shock at 39°C (L. lactis subsp. cremoris) or 42°C (L. lactis subsp. lactis). Stress treatments that improved lactococcal freeze resistance were also found to significantly (P < 0.05) enhance the resistance of most strains to lyophilization. Increased resistance to freezing or lyophilization was not detected when stress treatments were performed in broth that contained erythromycin, which indicated stress-inducible proteins were involved in cell protection. Membrane fatty acid analysis of stress-treated cells suggested that enhanced resistance to freezing and lyophilization may be related to heat or cold shock-induced changes in cell membrane composition. Heat-shocked cells had a higher 19:0 cyclopropane fatty acid content than did control cells, and cold-shocked cells contained a lower ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. Other factors must also be involved in cell protection, however, because similar changes in membrane composition were also detected in strains whose resistance to freezing and lyophilization was not improved by heat or cold shock.

Improving Fat Retention And Texture In Low-Moisture Cheese Manufactured From Ultrafiltered Milk, Brian J. Orme

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three serious problems have been experienced in the manufacture of low moisture cheese using ultrafiltration (UF)- high fat-loss, excessive moisture retention, and poor cheese texture. In this work the causes of these problems were identified, and means of overcoming them were developed.

Coagulation and cheese-making experiments indicated that UF concentration of milk shifts the control of rennet coagulation toward the casein micelle collision rate and away from rennet activity, resulting in formation of a rough-textured curd structure that resists syneresis. Use of 4x whole milk retentate, instead of 5x, improved rennet curd structure, syneresis, and UF cheese texture without reducing …

Regeneration Ecology Of Chrysopogon Aucheri And Cymbopogon Jwarancusa In Grasslands Of Upland Balochistan, Pakistan, Sarfraz Ahmad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the seed attributes, movements and fates of dispersal units, and seedling establishment of Chrysopogon aucheri and Cymbopogon jwarancusa in a representative grassland ecosystem in upland Balochistan, Pakistan.

Cymbopogon jwarancusa had more filled and viable caryopses than Chrysopogon aucheri. Seeds (spikelets) of both species had similar morphological features. Chrysopogon aucheri had one dispersal unit, a triplet spikelet. Cymbopogon jwarancusa had four types of dispersal units: a paired spikelet, a partial raceme, an entire raceme, and a partial inflorescence comprised of two racemes.

Paired spikelets and partial racemes of Cymbopogon jwarancusa had greater …

Livestock Watering Practices In The Moroccan Pre-Sahara: Their Effects On Water And Nutrient Metabolism Of Sheep In Different Body Conditions, El Mostafa Darfaoui

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A field survey and a metabolism experiment were conducted to study livestock watering practices in the Moroccan Pre-Sahara and their changes with drought extent, season, ecological zone, pastoral system, and herd size. The metabolism experiment was designed to determine effects of once per 2 days (ID), once daily and twice daily drinking frequencies, and high and low body conditions on water and nutrient utilization by sheep fed high- and low-quality diets.

The way herds are managed in this region exposes all sex and age categories of animals to food and water shortages during annual dry seasons and occasional droughts. Livestock …

Seed Dispersal By Livestock: A Revegetation Application For Improving Degraded Rangelands, Ferhat Gokbulak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of experiments was conducted to: 1) investigate how feeding cattle with different amounts of different-sized seeds affects seed passage rate through the digestive tract, and the germinability of passed seeds; 2) examine how the location of seeds in dungpats of different thicknesses influences seedling emergence, development, and survival in cattle dungpats; and 3) characterize seedling emergence in naturally and artificially deposited cattle dungpats. Three perennial, cool-season grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love], Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda Presl.), and 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) X A. cristatum (L.) Gaert.], were used …

Aspen Regeneration And Response To Fire In The Intermountain West, Kelly J. Mccloskey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The history of Populus tremuloides regeneration in the Intermountain West, particularly western Wyoming, is one of prolific vegetative reproduction following wildland fire. The reproductive physiology of aspen and its disturbance-response characteristics are explored through a review of previous studies. The combination of fire suppression and increased herbivory on aspen by wild and domestic ungulates is likely facilitating conifer invasion of areas historically dominated by aspen as has been observed in parts of Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado over the past 100 years. A case study of the regenerative response of aspen to wildland fire in western Wyoming demonstrates how physiology, life …

1998 Annual Meeting, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Self-Organization Of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity To Complexity Without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, Scott J. Werner

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

A herbivore faces challenges while foraging--ongoing changes in its physiological condition along with variation in the nutrient and toxin concentrations of foods, spatially and temporally--that make selecting a nutritious diet a vital affair. Foraging behaviours arise from simple rules that operate across levels of resolution from cells and organs to individuals and their interactions with social and physical environments. At all these levels, behaviour is a function of its consequences: a behaviour operating on the environment to induce changes is itself changed by those events. Thus, behaviour emerges from its own functioningbehaviour self-organizes-not from that of its surroundings. This ostensible …

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Terry Messmer, Marilet Zablan, Boyde Blackwell, Athena Menses, Frank Howe, Leo Lentsch, Richard Drake

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Jack H. Berryman Institute, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Division Of Wildlife Resources

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Utah State University Extension

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Student Authoring, Editing And Electronic Publishing, Aaron N. Moen, Spencer R. Hall, Thomas N. Moen

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

Millions of term papers have been written by college seniors who will be writing reports and publications as part of their professional responsibilities soon after graduation. While most term papers are graded and returned to student authors, a former student shared the observation that "nothing less than an 'A' is acceptable on the job." Writing assignments can be made more meaningful by giving student authors responsibility for their writing similar to those professionals have; their work will be edited, read and used by others. Student papers were first published on the Department's Cooperative Learning Center (CLC) local area network in …

General Catalog 1998-2000, Utah State University

University Catalogs

Contains course descriptions, University college calendar, and college administration.

Endangered And Threatened Animals Of Utah, Terry A. Messmer, A Mcelrone, R. Drake

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Peptideaccumulation And Bitterness In Cheddar Cheese Made Using Single-Strain Lactococcus Lactis Starterswith Distinct Proteinase Specificities, Jeff Broadbent, M. Strickland, B. Weimer, M. E. Johnson, J. L. Steele

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

This study investigated peptide accumulation and bitterness in reduced- and full-fat Cheddar cheeses that were manufactured with single-strain Lactococcus lactis starters that had distinct cell envelope proteinase specificities. Micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis of aqueous cheese extracts detected three large peaks, designated O, P, and Q, that eluted with peptide standards and increased in area during cheese maturation in a pattern that was distinct for each starter. Regression analysis of bitter flavor scores from trained sensory panels and individual OQ peak areas suggested that peaks P and Q had a negative and positive correlation, respectively, to this defect. Then, HPLC, capillary …

Proceedings From The 34th Marschall Italian And Specialty Cheese Seminar, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Nutritional Diseases Of Sheep, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Nutritional diseases result from a deficiency, an excess or an imbalance of nutrients. They are common but usually produce only sporadic cases of illness or death loss. However, the wrong combination of events can lead to devastating losses.

Preventing Calf Losses, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Many beef producers and practicing veterinarians noted there were higher than normal calf death losses during the 1993 calving season. We were especially aware of the increased losses here in the western states, but there were also heavy losses in the midwest and east, so the problem was very widespread.