Digital Commons Network^™

Toxic Contaminants In Harvested Forage, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Harvested forages are vitally important and commonly used for beef production. But contamination can occur which results in reduced forage quality and palatability or may even result in animal illness and death. Outlined below are some of the common problems that should be considered.

Mycotoxins, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Certain metabolites of some fungi (molds) are poisonous (toxic). Fungal poisons have been known for many years, but they were not considered a major factor in animal disease until fairly recently. Because the prefix myco- refers to fungi, these toxins are termed mycotoxins. Penicillin is derived from a fungus and could be termed a mycotoxin, in relation to bacteria which are sensitive to it.

Vaccinating To Prevent Pneumonia, Clell Bagley, Donald Snyder, Nyle Matthews

All Current Publications

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a major problem for cattle and it continues to cause serious economic losses. Pneumonia is its most serious form. BRD causes increased death losses, higher medication and labor costs, and lost production. It occurs most commonly within a few weeks of weaning and is especially troublesome then. BRD is more serious in calves which are shipped long distances right after weaning and is often referred to as shipping fever.

Controlling Coliform Mastitis, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Coliform mastitis is usually considered as an acute disease although some milder forms and even chronic cases do occur. It is caused by the bacterial organism Escherichia coli, hence the name, coliform. Other, related organisms, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are also often called “coliforms.”

Improving Reproductive Performance Of The Ewe, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

The western range ewe is a tremendously productive animal as evidenced by the excellent reproductive rates that are achieved by some producers, some years. Yet many other factors such as weather, disease and forage availability can drastically reduce their productivity. It is a major management challenge to control or even minimize the effect of these interacting factors. Some of those of greatest priority are listed and briefly discussed.

Obstetrics And Lambing Problems, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Lambing season is a busy time and a critical step toward a productive year. The first rule is for frequent observation of ewes due to lamb. Extra help during this season will usually more than pay for the cost because of extra lambs saved.

Ammonia Toxicity In A Herd Of Beef Cattle, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

A Utah producer lost 22 out of 50 head of cows in May, due to ammonia toxicity. He used a liquid fertilizer tank to haul water to the cattle. He had done this for two years previously, and with washing out thoroughly, there had been no problem. But this time some fertilizer was evidently left in, mixed with the water and resulted in the toxicosis.

Assisting With Calving, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Calving season is a busy time of year for cattlemen and it is a critical step toward a productive year. The first rule is frequent observation of those cows due to calve, especially the first calf heifers. This is usually a very busy time of year and some extra help during this season will more than pay for the cost through extra calves saved. Even wives and older children can help a solo producer get some needed sleep. If, they have been taught how to observe, they can tell when a calving cow needs help and if there’s a need …

Health Programs Which Improve The Marketability Of Calves, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

The “winds of change” have the potential to drastically change the marketing of beef calves in the next few years. Economic pressures may force greater conformity in the way cow-calf producers manage and prepare their calves for market. Those who are slow to conform may be at a disadvantage for marketing.

Disease Resistance In Cattle, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

The ability of cattle to resist the many disease processes to which they are exposed is truly amazing. And yet, when several adverse factors combine, this resistance can be overcome and result in a herd disaster which is just as amazing. This discussion will be broken down into four major areas. But it is the combined functioning of all four areas that actually provides disease resistance.

Management For Weaning Healthy, Marketable Calves, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Weaning is an extremely stressful time for beef calves and involves the potential for severe economic loss. The most common problems usually involve respiratory and/or digestive diseases. Weaned calves should be retained for 3–6 weeks after weaning.

Summary Of Diseases Of Range Sheep, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

External Parasites, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Utah State University Commencement, 1997 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

104th Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Insights, Spring, 1997, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni, newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

The Role Of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae As Prey In Adult Maintenance And Reproduction By Two Ladybird Beetle Species, Douglas R. Richards

Biology

Ladybird beetles (Coccinella spp.) are important predators of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in alfalfa. Adult ladybird beetles also consume alternative foods such as alfalfa weevil larvae (Hypera postica) and nectar. I compared egg production and ovariole condition of Coccinella septempunctata (an Old World species introduced to North America) and Coccinella transversoguttata (an indigenous North American species) that were maintained on diets of pea aphids, alfalfa weevil larvae, sugar water ("artificial nectar"), or various combinations of these foods. In the first experiment, gravid females of both species continued to lay many eggs and had large ovarioles …

Patterns Of Root Colonization By The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Intraradices And Host Plant Responses, Kristopher A. Blee

Biology

Mycorrhizal hyphae were directed in their growth pattern in roots. Arbuscules produced by a single isolate of Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith in roots of corn, wheat, carrot, clover, mung bean, and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were consistently limited to cortical cells immediately adjacent to the endodermis. Two hypotheses for controlled growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plants were examined: (1) activation of plant defenses by the fungus, and (2) availability of host-derived carbon to the fungus. Accumulations of mRNAs for the defense-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase, chitinase (CHT), glucanese, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were examined in the …

Effects Of Plant Architecture On The Foraging Behavior And Prey Capture Success Of Two Generalist Predators Attacking The Russian Wheat Aphid, Teresa L. Clark

Biology

This research investigated the effects of plant architecture on the foraging behavior and prey capture success of two generalist predators of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). One study examined plant architectural effects on the behavior of a native predator, the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda Fitch; a second study examined host plant effects on larvae and adults of the fourteen-spotted ladybird beetle, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), which is native to Eurasia and has been released in the United States for potential control of D. noxia. Behavioral observations of each of these predators were conducted on two architecturally diverse …

Plant- Versus Predator-Mediated Interactions Between Cereal Aphids On A Shared Host Plant, Erin Bergeson

Biology

This research investigates plant- and predator-mediated effects of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). I combined a suite of population-level experiments with behavioral observations to determine whether the two aphids interacted principally through a common host, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisher ex Link] Schultes), or a common predator, larvae of the green lacewing (Chrysoperla plorabunda [Fitch]). The population-level experiments revealed some evidence of host-mediated interspecific competition but only at extremely high aphid densities (>2000 individuals per greenhouse seedling). In addition, some of these experiments suggested that the bird …

A Comparison Of The Impact Of Two Different Levels Of Item Response Effort Upon The Return Rate Of Mailed Questionnaires, Philip L. Rodgers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mail questionnaires are a popular and valuable method of data collection. Nonresponse bias is, however, a potentially serious threat to their validity. The best way to combat this threat is to obtain the highest possible return rate. To this end, many factors that are believed to influence return rates have been empirically studied. One factor that has not been empirically examined is the impact of item response effort on return rates, where response effort is defined as the amount of effort that is required by a respondent to answer questionnaire items.

The purpose of this study was to determine if …

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Information And Intervention Strategies For School, Home, And Therapeutical Settings, Mindy Dawn Anderson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

I was introduced into the world of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome winter quarter, 1996. My goals for that year included researching this topic in order to understand what it was physically, behaviorally, and on a cognitive level. My assignment involved writing a research paper around those characteristics, along with the development of their speech and language, presenting my findings to my classmates, and competing at the USU Scholar's Day competition in May of 1996. I received 2nd place at this competition. During the summer of that year, I researched FAS more to receive the needed resources to compile an annotated bibliography …

Use Of A Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire In A Population 65 Years And Older, Karri Lynn Hoyt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Little is known of the elderly's ability to use a food frequency questionnaire to describe their dietary intake. This study examines the elderly's ability to reliably describe their diets and how age, education, cognitive status, and gender may affect their ability to complete and return a food frequency questionnaire. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was tested by a repeated administration among 85 participants 65 years of age and older from the Preston, Idaho, area. Correlation coefficients between nutrient scores from the first and second administration ranged from 0.48-0.79 (total population), 0.44-0.88 (males), and 0.39-0.86 (females). Median values for the correlation …

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Information And Intervention Strategies For School, Home, And Therapeutical Settings, Mindy Dawn Anderson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

I was introduced into the world of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome winter quarter, 1996. My goals for that year included researching this topic in order to understand what it was physically, behaviorally, and on a cognitive level. My assignment involved writing a research paper around those characteristics, along with the development of their speech and language, presenting my findings to my classmates, and competing at the USU Scholar's Day competition in May of 1996. I received 2nd place at this competition. During the summer of that year, I researched FAS more to receive the needed resources to compile an annotated bibliography …

Grazing Systems As Management Tools To Meet Multiple Objectives, Lacy Nicole Hadley

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Grazing systems have in the past been developed to increase or maintain livestock production without degrading the land (Archer and Smeins, 1991). A grazing system is a "specialization of grazing management which defines the periods of grazing and non-grazing" (Jacoby, 1989). However, these systems can be developed for other uses besides just livestock. Grazing systems can be used as management tools by manipulating vegetation in specific directions to meet desired objectives. This is done by the livestock themselves because they act as "ecosystem regulators" by having a direct impact on the vegetation (Holechek et al., 1995). Livestock can alter the …

The National School Lunch Program, Katherine M. Hadley

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In 1946, President Harry Truman signed the National School Lunch Act which recently celebrated its 50th anniversary (1). It was established by congress "to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children" (2). The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally assisted meal program that is functioning in more than 94,000 public and nonprofit private schools. Lunches through the NSLP are served to more than 25 million school children each day.

Exploring The Structure And Function Of The Snf1 Kinase Gene In The Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum, Bryan Donald Whitemarsh

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

All organisms must respond to different environmental stresses. For unicellular organisms, the most important source of stress is starvation or nutrient depletion. These microscopic life forms must respond to a constantly changing food supply in which short periods of nutrient availability are interspersed with extended periods of famine. In addition to complete starvation, these organisms are affected by other chemical changes, such as forced switching from a desirable to a less desirable carbon source, and physical changes, such as heat shock. Many microorganisms respond to such stresses by entering a different phase of their life cycle. For example, the budding …

The Role Of Cold Acclimatization On The Biogeography Of The Mountain Chickadee (Parus Gambeli) And The Juniper Titmouse (Parus Ridgwayi), Sheldon J. Cooper

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biogeographic patterns of animals are shaped by biotic interactions, such as competition, and by abiotic factors, such as climate. Mountain Chickadees (Parus gambeli) and Juniper Titmice (Parus ridgway) are permanent residents of regions of western North America and are ecologically similar, but have different northern range limits. l measured several physiological variables, including basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR = maximal thermogenic capacity), metabolic response to varying environmental temperature (MRT), evaporative water loss (EWL), and daily energy expenditure (DEE) for summer-and winter-acclimatized Mountain Chickadees and Juniper Titmice to determine if seasonal and interspecific variation in cold tolerance and …

Interaction Of The Human Serine Protease Inhibitor Alpha-1-Antitrypsin With Cryptosporidium Parvum, John Russell Forney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The human serine protease inhibitor (serpin) alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) was studied for potential interaction with components of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. A homogenate prepared from C. parvum oocysts was incubated with purified human AAT, and complexes formed between the serpin and components of the homogenate were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serpin:parasite infections were effectively blocked by preincubating AAT with a cognate target enzyme, porcine pancreatic elastase, prior to performing the ELISA on the homogenate. Incubation of a mixture of C. parvum oocysts and sporozoites with AAT demonstrated preferential fluorescence labeling of the sporozoite surface membrane by indirect …

Factor Structure Of The Anorexia Bulimia Inventory, Anne C. Dobmeyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Anorexia Bulimia Inventory, a recently developed self-report questionnaire for the assessment of eating disorders, addresses two major limitations found in existing self-report eating disorder inventories. First, it comprehensively assesses the diagnostic symptoms of both bulimia and anorexia nervosa; and second, it assesses the frequently cooccurring problem areas (e.g., depression, anergia) that may be targeted in treatment planning for eating disorders. Although initial research on the psychometrics of the instrument appears promising, no research has yet investigated its factor structure. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the Anorexia Bulimia Inventory.

Principal axis …

A Study Of The Interactions Between Milk Proteins And Soy Proteins, Venkatachalam Narayanaswamy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research investigates the protein interactions that occur when soy protein is added to milk and subjected to renneting or heating. Milk was fortified with 20% soy protein and enzymic coagulation studied at 35°C at various pH's and CaCl₂ levels. The first part deals with the interaction between milk and soy proteins during rennet-induced milk coagulation. The first goal was to determine how soy proteins affected milk coagulation. The effects of native versus heat-denatured soy proteins on rennet coagulation time and curd firmness were compared. lmmunogold labeling along with transmission electron microscopy was used to identify and localfze soy …