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Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd Jan 2021

Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd

All ETDs from UAB

Human trafficking has been on the rise since slavery was abolished in the 19th century. As the prevalence of human trafficking continues to rise, the criminals involved continue to develop more sophisticated ways to hide their crimes from the police. Accordingly, countless victims remain unidentified. Research shows there is a critical need for local law enforcement officers to be trained in how to identify and investigate cases of human trafficking, as well as to interact compassionately with and effectively help its victims. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively investigate the human trafficking training currently provided to local …

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Service Profiles In Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Role Of Institutional And Organizational Factors, Reena Joseph Kelly Jan 2021

Service Profiles In Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Role Of Institutional And Organizational Factors, Reena Joseph Kelly

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Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing crisis globally and in the US, and place an enormous health, social, and financial burden on the nation. To address the complex nature of SUDs, treatment typically involves a combination of different types of services to address the medical, behavioral and social needs of the patient and care is often delivered by specialized SUD treatment facilities. Despite recommendations for a broad suite of services, individual facilities vary in the specific services that they offer. This study examined whether and why systematic differences exist between treatment facilities based on their service mix and whether …

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Gait Adaptability With Healthy Aging And Parkinson’S Disease, Daniel Kuhman Jan 2021

Gait Adaptability With Healthy Aging And Parkinson’S Disease, Daniel Kuhman

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Human locomotion often occurs through environments with complex sets of external demands (e.g., obstacles, uneven surfaces, altered terrain, etc.). Fortunately, humans have developed locomotor systems capable of rapidly adapting gait patterns to navigate these environments. Advanced age and neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with physiological changes that add to the complexity of locomotion – these individuals must not only adapt to changing environmental demands, but also to changes in internal function (e.g., reduced muscle strength, dysfunctional sensorimotor integration). While there is a growing body of literature indicating that healthy older adults maintain adaptability, less is known …

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Actual And Perceived Balance Abilities While Performing Tasks That Challenge Balance In Older Adults And Individuals With Parkinson's Disease., Jutaluk Kongsuk Jan 2021

Actual And Perceived Balance Abilities While Performing Tasks That Challenge Balance In Older Adults And Individuals With Parkinson's Disease., Jutaluk Kongsuk

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Walking is a fundamental activity for one to interact effectively with one’s environment. Walking in the community often requires both a wide range and constant modification of walking speed. Decreased walking capacity, that is the maximum speed that a person can physically achieve, results in a decline in both functional mobility and personal independence, contributing to decreased community participation among individuals whose walking is impaired. The most common test of walking speed (i.e., overground comfortable and maximum walking speed) may not reflect the full capacity of individuals to regulate gait control. Whereas walking with progressively increasing treadmill speeds allows researchers …

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The Association Between Medicaid Expansion, Medicaid Disproportionate Share Payments And The Financial Performance Of Safety Net Hospitals, Jon Law Jan 2021

The Association Between Medicaid Expansion, Medicaid Disproportionate Share Payments And The Financial Performance Of Safety Net Hospitals, Jon Law

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Safety Net Hospitals (SNHs) provide necessary emergency and acute care to all individuals, regardless of their ability to pay for health care. Medicaid Expansion and Disproportionate Share (DSH) payments are two Medicaid programs that may mitigate the financial vulnerability of SNH’s. Some assert that Medicaid Expansion, as part of the Patient and Affordable Care Act (ACA), may provide financial relief for SNHs. It offers payment mechanisms for millions of uninsured individuals. DSH expenditures per capita for each state vary widely. There is some likelihood that SNHs in some states may benefit greater than others. The study was framed within the …

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Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin Jan 2021

Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin

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The purpose of this project was to compare the chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties of right contemporary direct pulp capping materials. The material categories included in this study were calcium hydroxide (Dycal, Lime-Lite and Ultra-Blend plus), calcium silicate (MTA Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC), calcium aluminate (Ceramir Protect LC), and resin ionomer (Bio-Cap). Calcium release and pH changes were measured via a calcium ion-selective electrode (Vernier Company) and pH sensor (Vernier Company) respectively, after specimens were immersed in 36.8oC deionized water for 1, 7, 28 and 90 days. Water solubility was calculated with weight loss of the specimens from 0 to …

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Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long Jan 2021

Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long

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Advancements in sequencing technology have enabled the widespread utilization of genetic testing, increasing the diagnosis and understanding of genetic disease. Clinicians and researchers are now faced with the difficulty of interpreting genetic results and understanding how genetic variation can impact patient disease phenotype. Herein we utilized three different genes (frataxin, neurofibromin 1, and NTRK2), which result in Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and NTRK2-associated phenotypes respectively, to discuss the impacts of genetic variants on molecular phenotype and explore potential therapeutics. To determine how genetic variation of repeat sequences affects different patient tissues, DNA and protein were extracted from …

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A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu Jan 2021

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu

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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) can be used to augment deficient alveolar ridges in preparation for dental implant placement. Mucogingival deformities can result from the periosteal releasing incision during GBR. This can be addressed by additional soft tissue augmentation procedures to increase the width of keratinized tissue and vertical soft tissue thickness, both of which have demonstrated clinical benefits around implants. The drawbacks of soft tissue augmentation following ridge augmentation include an additional procedure, increased patient morbidity, and less patient acceptance of treatment. In general, soft tissue augmentation can be performed at various time points throughout treatment, but literature on soft …

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The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla Jan 2021

The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla

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Cardiovascular disease risk is higher among adult with diabetes than those without diabetes. This increase in risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics. Recent US data showed a resurgence in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults with diabetes, and an increase in heart failure (HF) mortality. Therefore, this dissertation investigated how cardiovascular disease risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics for adults across the glycemic spectrum.Data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, an ongoing prospective cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults age 45 years at baseline (2003-07) …

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An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin Jan 2021

An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin

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This dissertational work provides an analysis between school leader emotional intelligence and academic achievement using selected indicators of student achievement in Alabama high schools. Emotional intelligence levels were measured by administering The Shutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test to willing high school principal participants in the state of Alabama. The student achievement measures include: (a) high school graduation rate, (b) performance on the American College Test (ACT), and (c) chronic student absenteeism. After running several numerical analyses between emotional intelligence (independent variable) and student achievement (dependent variable) and controlling for certain subpopulations, the statistical analyses data revealed that there were no …

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Delineation Of B Cell Follicle Associated Cd4+ T Cell Subsets, Ryan James Mcmonigle Jan 2021

Delineation Of B Cell Follicle Associated Cd4+ T Cell Subsets, Ryan James Mcmonigle

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High affinity antibody responses rely on the interaction between CD4+ T cells andB cells, but these cell populations are segregated into different regions of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). Early-stage follicular helper CD4+ T cells (Tfh cells) upregulate the B cell follicle-homing chemokine receptor CXCR5 in order to move from the T cell zone to the B cell follicle and establish interactions with cognate B cells that are essential for T-dependent humoral immune responses. Cognate Tfh and B cell interactions progress to the formation of germinal center (GC) reactions, where B cell receptors undergo rapid evolution to substantially increase antigen recognition …

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Cutting The Lilies, Olivia A. Mcmurrey Jan 2021

Cutting The Lilies, Olivia A. Mcmurrey

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Cutting the Lilies is a historical-fiction novel that begins in April of 1963 and ends in June of 1964. Settings include rural areas on Alabama’s Sand Mountain, the small towns of Fort Payne and Scottsboro, and the city of Birmingham. As with much historical fiction, the novel interweaves a personal, ostensibly fictional story about everyday people with true events. In this case, the personal story is based on a real family involved in a boating accident on the Tennessee River in 1963. A mother and six of her eleven children, as well as two extended family members, drowned. The personal …

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Value Analysis Of Electronic Health Records, Shikha Shah Modi Jan 2021

Value Analysis Of Electronic Health Records, Shikha Shah Modi

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The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is defined as “a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting” (HIMSS, 2011). EHRs have become an important part of the current health system as a result of government regulations, technology advancements, health care challenges, and market conditions. EHRs are considered an expensive investment; however, the complexity of adopting and implementing EHRs also demands attention. Given the complexity of health information technology (HIT) systems and the hefty investment that is required in the adoption of EHRs, a return on investment is expected, and it …

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Characterization Of The Metabolic And Cognitive Features Of A Novel Alzheimer’S Disease Rat Model Along With Investigation Of Its Gut Microbiota Change Over Time, Akash Nagarajan Jan 2021

Characterization Of The Metabolic And Cognitive Features Of A Novel Alzheimer’S Disease Rat Model Along With Investigation Of Its Gut Microbiota Change Over Time, Akash Nagarajan

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the fifth highest cause of death in the United States and affects primarily individuals of very old age (>80 yrs.). Aging is known to be the biggest risk factor of AD. Recent studies have shown that AD patients have an altered gut microbiota composition. To investigate whether the Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the brain could drive gut microbiota changes during the adult and late life stage of the rat, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on the fecal samples of the animals at 14 months and 20 months of age. We found a distinctive …

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Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored Jan 2021

Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored

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The current growth rate of nanomaterials being used in everyday materials as well as in construction materials is quite large. While this in itself could be quite promising, there is a lack of information known about the risks that materials in the nano size range may have attached to their use. Until a full-scale risk analysis of the nanomaterials is used in the construction industry there is a need for personal protection to be implemented. A known issue with the current PPE exists, in that the N95 personal respirator has some particle collection efficiency issues below 300 nm. Modifications to …

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Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez Jan 2021

Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez

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COLOR VISION TESTING WITH READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS ANGEL PEREZ VISION SCIENCE ABSTRACT The perception of color is a process by which the brain discriminates different light wavelengths stimulating the cone photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. In humans each cone contains a photopigment making it most sensitive to either short (red), medium (green), or long (blue) wavelengths of light. However, when one of the cone pigments is defective or missing, color discrimination is reduced, resulting in color vision deficiency due to a deficient sex-linked chromosome in most cases. Color vision deficiency has the potential to impede many everyday activities, …

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Teaching Historical Skills Using Monuments, Markers, And Online Museums, James David Nunez Jan 2021

Teaching Historical Skills Using Monuments, Markers, And Online Museums, James David Nunez

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ABSTRACT The nation is embroiled within intense debate regarding the existence of monuments, markers, and online museums as vestiges of racism and White privilege. Many argue those symbols should be removed from the public square. The essential question of this research is what are social studies methods teachers’ perspectives about using monuments, markers, and online museums (3M) as teaching tools to prepare pre-service teachers to utilize historical thinking skills? This study was designed in part to re-tool a traditional interpretation of controversial 3M artifacts that deal honestly with memory, providing learners a compelling motivation to explore history that promotes greater …

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Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar Jan 2021

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar

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Introduction: The causative factors of dental caries have been studied for many years, however, preventing the formation of dental caries remains an elusive task. Microorganisms have been the focal point of numerous studies as a prime cariogenic factor. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans have been frequently co-isolated from dental biofilm in patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of these two microorganisms in promoting tooth demineralization. Acid and glucan production, which are two virulence factors produced by S. mutans that mediate biofilm formation and tooth decay, have been shown to be promoted during co-colonization …

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The Psychological, Social, And Bioinformatic Considerations For The Return Of Continental Genetic Ancestry Estimates And Other Secondary Sequencing Results, Jaimie Leighan Richards Jan 2021

The Psychological, Social, And Bioinformatic Considerations For The Return Of Continental Genetic Ancestry Estimates And Other Secondary Sequencing Results, Jaimie Leighan Richards

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With recent advances in sequencing technologies, large scale genome wide sequencing has advanced our understanding of disease risk and etiology. These tests, however, often provide secondary data beyond the scope of the original sequencing objectives, and our understanding of how and if participants want to receive these secondary results is important as clinical and research-based sequencing becomes commonplace. To address this, we completed a systematic review of quantitative research that measures attitudes and preferences on the return of genomic sequencing results. Based on that review, we studied the return of genetic ancestry since these results, popularized in direct-to-consumer sequencing companies …

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A Grounded Theory Study: The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Administrators Regarding Leadership Effectiveness Over Time, Sandy Georgette Deades Ritchey Jan 2021

A Grounded Theory Study: The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Administrators Regarding Leadership Effectiveness Over Time, Sandy Georgette Deades Ritchey

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The purpose of this study was to generate a theory in education comparable to studies in other disciplines by exploring how current leadership theories can be expanded to explain how leadership effectiveness changes over time. This study explored active and retired principals' experiences to see how their effectiveness may or may not have changed over time. I was particularly interested in learning if there was a point in their careers when they perceived that they were no longer as effective as they used to be or could have been, what this looked like, and how this guided their next steps. …

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Assesing The Degree Of Intereron Gamma Induced Stat1 Activation On Peripheral Lymphocytes In Patietns With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Vishal Sharma Jan 2021

Assesing The Degree Of Intereron Gamma Induced Stat1 Activation On Peripheral Lymphocytes In Patietns With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Vishal Sharma

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with debilitating side effects, from joint swelling to bone erosion and bone deformation. Geographically, RA affect 0.5 – 1% of the worldwide populations, affecting women more than men. Studies have shown that CD4 T cells infiltrate RA synovium and are key to the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, drugs targeting co-stimulatory T cell molecules such as abatacept can be beneficial in controlling RA disease activity.Interferon gamma (IFN) is a pleotropic cytokine that contributes to inflammation by aiding in CD4 T cell differentiation into Th1 subtype, enhancing MHC class II presentation, supplementing lymphocyte trafficking, …

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Mechanism Of Stat3 Mediated Drug Persistence In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Sweta B. Patel Jan 2021

Mechanism Of Stat3 Mediated Drug Persistence In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Sweta B. Patel

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Drug persistence is one of the major impediments for cancer therapeutics. There are two known evolutionary models for tumor drug persistence. First, a pre-existing sub-population is inherently resistant to treatment; and second, a sub-population acquires resistance by drug-induced molecular reprograming. One ideal model to study the mechanism of drug persistence is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder. HSCs acquire a single translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, forming BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the standard regimen, have been able to efficaciously control CML and yet many patients relapse upon treatment discontinuation …

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Waffle, Ashley Tippit Jan 2021

Waffle, Ashley Tippit

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Waffle is a novel about a high school senior realizing she has an anxiety disorder and is pansexual. Aside from wanting to tell a version of my own story, I want this to be a young adult novel that has appropriate, diverse representation. Given that several characters have identities different than mine (Jay having a single parent, Ginger being Black and having Type One Diabetes, Ella being transgender with divorced parents, and Birdie being Taiwanese-Korean American), I will need a lot of research and help to write these characters well. I want the information and experiences regarding race, gender, sexuality, …

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An Investigation Into The Effects Of Diet On Pain And Pain Disparities, Larissa Jane Strath Jan 2021

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Diet On Pain And Pain Disparities, Larissa Jane Strath

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Chronic pain is one of the most common and disabling disorders in Westernsociety. Recently, it has been suggested that dietary quality may play a key role in the development and maintenance of pain. Additionally, diet differs between demographic groups, as does physiological differences in response to metabolites. We sought to explore 1) the central way in which diet influences pain sensitivity and 2) if dietary patterns affected various demographic groups differently. We first employed a rat model to observe diet-related changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In the absence and presence of an injury, rats fed a …

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From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland Jan 2021

From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland

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Over the past thirty years, the use of opioids like heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone led to tens of thousands of deaths from overdoses and caused a public health crisis. Researchers have noted the roles of various social organizations and groups in creating a public discourse around this topic and have studied the changing public views of opioid use in light of new scientific research. And yet, there remains a gap in research on the role of the members of Congress in this public discourse. These legislators pass policies that directly affect people who live with or who know someone …

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Mothering Ourselves To Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods To Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory The Praxas Of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers In Rural, Suburban, & Urban Contexts, Martez D. Files Jan 2021

Mothering Ourselves To Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods To Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory The Praxas Of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers In Rural, Suburban, & Urban Contexts, Martez D. Files

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Mothering Ourselves to Wholeness: Employing Black Feminist Criticism & Critical Narrative Methods to Trace Black Maternal Archetypes & Restory the Praxes of Socio-Politically Engaged Black Mothers,” is a project that seeks to uncover the myriad ways Black mothers in diverse geographic spaces in Alabama and in select works of Black literature have forged communal wholeness, protected the most vulnerable, and healed harm outside and within communities. Black Mothering Praxis constellates the communal practices that counter exploitation, center care, accountability, and foster wholeness in a world that breaks and fragments Black bodies and beings. The research begins with identifying the various …

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Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner Jan 2021

Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how individuals navigate the cultural mandate for thinness, which pressured individuals to pursue weight loss through exercise and restrictive diets. While sustainable weight loss is not probable for the majority of people, there are still significant physical and mental health benefits to be had from engaging in regular, enjoyable movement. For many, physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. It can improve quality of life for individuals regardless of weight, body size, chronic illness, or disability. However, many fitness facilities focus on weight loss as the most essential goal …

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Characterizing The Role Of Necroptosis Of Airway Epithelial Cells In The Immune Response To Respiratory Pathogens, Ashleigh Nichole Riegler Jan 2021

Characterizing The Role Of Necroptosis Of Airway Epithelial Cells In The Immune Response To Respiratory Pathogens, Ashleigh Nichole Riegler

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Necroptosis, a programmed form of lytic cell death, is initiated by various viral and bacterial pathogens through irreparable ion dysregulation and energy depletion. This cellular damage results in the activation of the cellular kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, consecutively, and the activation and membrane targeting of MLKL, the latter responsible for lysis. Here we have demonstrated that necroptosis of airway epithelial cells is key in the development of the adaptive immune response to asymptomatic colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Briefly, necroptotic deficient animals or wildtype animals colonized with Spn lacking the necroptosis-triggering pneumolysin toxin, failed to recruit CD11c+ leukocytes to the …

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Cns Antigen Presentation And Immune Cell Infiltration In An Α-Syn Model Of Parkinson Disease, Aubrey Michelle Schonhoff Jan 2021

Cns Antigen Presentation And Immune Cell Infiltration In An Α-Syn Model Of Parkinson Disease, Aubrey Michelle Schonhoff

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized by aggregated alpha-synuclein (a-syn), loss of dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammation includes the activation of immune cells that reside in the CNS, such as microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs), in addition to the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes and increased cytokine and chemokine production. Because of the involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, we sought to investigate their interaction through antigen presentation and determine what role this played in disease progression. Using an a-syn based mouse model of PD, our studies have provided evidence via …

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Added Sugar Consumption And Prediabetes In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018, Nadia Markie Sneed Jan 2021

Added Sugar Consumption And Prediabetes In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018, Nadia Markie Sneed

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Prediabetes is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) that effects 88- million U.S. adults. Added sugar is linked to the risk for prediabetes through direct and indirect mechanisms that promote hepatic and whole-body insulin resistance. Added sugar is overconsumed and totals ~13% of American’s daily caloric intake, with consumption highest for non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic minority populations also disproportionality affected by prediabetes and T2D. The effects of total added sugar on prediabetes have been mixed; however, total added sugar intake has primarily been examined using added sugar proxies (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, fructose), likely increasing systemic measurement error …

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