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A Laboratory-Centered General Chemistry Course For College Freshmen, Alexander Vavoulis

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In order to give the laboratory-centered course a trial run and to compare it with a lecture-centered course it seemed necessary to the author that both courses should be taught and compared. The latter gave rise to the following hypotheses:

1. Students in a laboratory-centered general chemistry course show more favorable attitudes toward chemistry than do students in a lecture-centered course.
2. Students in a laboratory-centered course show as good a subject-matter mastery as students in a lecture-centered course.

The Influence Of Temperature And Some Other Factors On The Biological And Nonbiological Oxidation Of Chalcopyrite, Pyrite And Copper Sulfide, Ezra Revier Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was: (1) to find the effect of temperature on the wet oxidation of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and copper sulfide over the biological and nonbiological range; (2) to determine the influence of ferrous and ferric iron and free oxygen(air) on the oxidation. The sulfide minerals studied were oxidized over a range of temperatures between 25° to 75° C. The optimum biological oxidation occurred near 35° C. The nonbiological oxidation was very slow at low temperatures but increased with increasing temperature. The effect of solutions used in leaching the various sulfides over the temperature range differred. A synthetic …

An Investigation Of The Isotopic Exchange Of Arsenic Atoms Between Arsenic(Iii) And Arsenic(V) In Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solutions, Lewis L. Anderson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

An isotopic exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which atoms of a given element interchange between two or more chemical forms of the element. A homogeneous stable system is one in which all reactants are in chemical equilibrium and distributed uniformly throughout a single phase. An example of isotopic exchange is the interchange of iodine atoms between iodide ions and ethyl iodide, where the asterisk indicates radioactive atoms of iodine.

Phase Equilibria In Fused Salt Systems: Binary Systems Of Plutonium(Iii) Chloride With The Chlorides Of Magnesium, Calcium Strontium, And Barium, Karl W. R. Johnson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Fused salt systems containing oxides have received the most attention to date, because of their occurrence in minerals and ores and their application to ceramics. The next most widely studied of group of compounds are the metal halides, particularly the metal chlorides. Despite the fact that many of the metal chlorides are hygroscopic, the salts lend themselves to experimentation because a large majority undergo stable solid-liquid transformations below 1000 degrees C, are generally ionic, and are relatively non-corrosive.

Experimental Studies Of The Visible Absorption Spectrum Of Titanium (Iii) Acetylacetonate In Solutions And Rigid Glasses, Arthur L. Langhorst Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Titanium (III) acetylacetonate was synthesized and the visible absorption spectrum was measured. A prominent absorption band, ^ymax at approximately 6000 was found with molar absorption coefficient of ~1000. The spectrum was investigated at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 77 degrees K. At 7 7 degrees K the band was resolved into five well defined peaks at 4750, 5100, 5520, 5950 and 6460. An apparatus for obtaining spectrophotometric measurements of solution and rigid glasses was designed and fabricated.

The Synthesis Of Potential Antitumor Compounds, Duane L. Aldous

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The antitumor activity found in such ring systems as the purine, pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine, and the 8-azapurine prompted the preparation of the imidazo [4,5-d] pyridazine ring system. Castle and Seese were one of the first to study this ring system. 4-Aminoimidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine possessed some anitumor activity. This antitumor activity suggested the preparation of the 4,7-disubstituted-aminoimidazo{4,5-d]pyridazines reported here. The antileukemic activity reported for 6-purinethiol led to the synthesis of several 4- and/or 7-mono-and disubstitutedthioimidazo[4,5-d]pyridazines.

Spectroscopic Studies Of The Luminescences Of Rare Earth Chelates, Ruth Elaine Whan

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A variety of lanthanide chelates were prepared for preliminary luminescence studies under excitation by ultraviolet light. From these, chelates of benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, tribenzoylmethane, and 8-hydroxyquinoline were selected for more extensive investigation. Energies of the lowest excited singlet and triplet states of the chelates were determined. Average values of 24,500 cm^-1 and 20,500 cm^-1 respectively were obtained for the dibenzoylmethides and 24,400 cm^-1 and 21,450 cm^-1 for the benzoylacetonates. Only small variations of a few hundred wavenumbers in the positions of the excited states were found as the chelated ion was varied. This investigation in conjunction with …

Polysubstituted Piperazinethiocarboxamides, Donald W. Kreh

Master's Theses

Thiourea and its derivatives have found wide application in dyes, photographic film, elastomers, plastics and textiles. Certain thioureas possess biological properties and considerable work has been done in this area. The historical portion of this paper is divided into biological and non-biological properties of thioureas. In the literature search, primary importance was given to the biological properties of thioureas. The objective of the experimental work was to prepare compounds having potential pharmacological activity and to determine the physical constants of these compounds.

The Control Of Grasses With Chemicals, G R W Meadly

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

GRASSES are among man's greatest assets and usually he tries to encourage their growth.

The cereals, rice and many other grasses supply him with basic items of food and they are also important components of pastures which provide grazing for sheep and cattle.

Minor Elements Can Be Overdone, L T. Jones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

T H E term "minor elements" which is now commonly used and well understood by farmers and gardeners, refers to the five essential plant foods—copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and boron.

These five essential plant foods are needed by all plants in minute quantities and it is relatively easy to use them in excess of actual requirements or even in toxic amounts.

In practice this is not usually a problem with cereals and pastures. The important exception is when zinc alone is added to a cereal crop low in copper and the extra zinc accentuates the copper deficiency, and poorer yields …

M-Aminocyclohexanol, Leroy Mancel Law

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

There has developed in recent years an interest in chemical materials that may have the ability to concentrate in and about carcinomic tissue.

The Dilute Solution Chemistry Of Antimony, Kent H. Jones

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Investigation of the chemistry of the elements by conventional methods is generally limited to concentrations on the order of 10^-5 M or higher. The discovery of radio-activity opened new fields in chemistry among which is the obtaining of information concerning chemical behavior of elements at very low concentrations. For many years after the initial discovery of radioactivity in 1896 by Becquerel, the study of low-concentration chemistry was limited to about ten naturally occurring radioactive elements. A renewed interest in this field was generated after 1934 when it was discovered by Curie and Joliot that radioactive elements could be artificially …

Interaction Of Riboflavin With Molybdenum, Jacques Tocatlian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Molybdenum may function as a catalyst in promoting and controlling some of the complex chemical reactions that go on in living systems. The lack of understanding which exists about these reactions is due to their obvious complexity and to the extremely minute quantities of molybdenum involved. Traces of molybdenum have been shown to have spectacular results on the growth of plants when added to certain soils. This metal is also required for the growth of azobacter, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria (1).

Molybdenum has been shown to be present in four enzymes: nitrate reductase (2), hydrogenase (3), xanthine oxidase (4) and aldehyde …

A Study Of The Kinetics Of The Oxidation Of Uranium(Iv) By Cerium(Iv), Floyd Beatty Baker

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The kinetics of a number of oxidation-reduction reactions and exchange reactions involving cations of the transition and inner transition elements have been extensively reviewed by T. W. Newton and S. W. Rabideau. These workers represent the formation of the activated complex by an equation which includes only the principal species in solution as reactants.

Weed Research. 7. Weed Control Around The Yard, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

MANY farmers and city householders have weed problems around houses and sheds which can be readily overcome by treatment with appropriate herbicides.

The risk from fire through weeds and unslightly growth can easily be removed and an area free of any plant growth can be maintained with little effort for a considerable period.

Tetracycline-7-Boronic Acid, William Denham Rhoads

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is the preparation of a tetracycline-boron-10 derivative which is stable under biological conditions. The boron-10 should then provide a concentration of material capable of accepting thermal neutrons, thus producing localized high-energy alpha radiation. The fact that the tetracyclines are not retained by normal tissue should remove the danger of destruction of this tissue.

Spectroscopic Studies Of Metal-Cyanide Complexes: Part 1: Infrared And Visible Absorption Studies Of Cyanide Complexes Of Ni(Ii) In Aqueous Solution, Part 2: An Analysis Of The Infrared Vibrational Spectra Of The Tetracyanonickelate(Ii) Ion In The Solid State, Roy L. Mccullough

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In this work, further evidence has been collected establishing the existence of a new ionic species in solutions of sodium tetracyanonickelate(II) and sodium cyanide. Contrary to the literature, however, this work shows that the species is [Ni(CN)₅]^-3 rather than [Ni(CN)₆]^-4.

The Cytochrome Composition Of Bacillus Subtilis And Bacillus Megaterium, John Harvey Mangum

Theses and Dissertations

A spectroscopic and enzymatic investigation of the cytochromes of B. megaterium and B. subtilis was conducted. Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the individual cytochromes as well as to determine the locale of such activities as cytochrome c oxidase, DPNH oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase and diaphorse. Only two methods proved effective in liberating the cytochromes; disruption of the cells with sonic osillations and grinding tlhe cells with alumina. These procedures caused a fragmentation of the cell membrane. It was found that the entire cytochrome complement of these two bacteria was bound intimately to particles which most likely …

Substituted Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chlorides, Lawrence Donald Hanback

Master's Theses

The work in this thesis is a continuation of a project started at the University of Richmond in 1952 by A. G. Richardson under the directorship of Dr. J. S. Pierce and Dr. George z.Williams, Director of Clinical Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

The purpose of the research was to prepare triphenyl tetrazolium salts, substituted, particularly in the ortho and para positions, with various electron accepting and electron donating groups. It was hoped that these substitutions would impart enough differences in the properties of the compounds so as to allow d etection of certain biological reactions. The tetrazolium …

Liquid Scintillators. Some Aryl Substituted Phenanthrenes And Dihydrophenanthrenes, And Related P-Terphenyls And P-Quaterphenyls, Stephen Paul Birkeland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

With the advent of good commercially available photomultiplier tubes, scintillation counters have become increasingly popular for laboratory use. Although there are a number of materials such as ionic crystals, covalent crystals, plastics, and liquid organic solutions, which are used in scintillation counters, liquid organic solutions offer distinct advantages. Because the organic solutes used in liquid scintillation systems have decay times of the order of 10^-8 second, systems with resolving times of the order of 5x10^-10 second may be obtained. This represents an improvement by a factor of 10⁴ over gas counters and 10² over scintillation systems …

Ferrilegoglobin As An Oxidizing Agent For Hydrazine, Donald B. Larson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The system in which atmospheric nitrogen succumbs to enter Nature's cycle has a yet proven evasive with respect to the actual chemical reactions. At present several types of systems are proposed but their chemical makeup is practically unknown.

A Manometric Method For The Determination Of Soil Carbonates In The Field, N. A. Polyzopoulos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In soil survey work the method now generally used to evaluate the carbonate content of the soil in the field is to observe the amount of effervescence that takes place when the soil reacts with dilute acid. The four degrees of effervescence usually recognized are designated by the symbols eo, e, es, ev and correspond roughly to a lime content of 0-0.5, 0.5-3, 3-15, and above 15 per cent, respectively. This, or course, is a very rough estimate and therefore a method is needed for the quantitative determination of carbonates in the field with a fair degree of accuracy. If …

The Apparent Effects Of Rh Hapten Ingestion On The Circulating Blood Phosphorus, Barbara Lyke

Masters Theses

The purpose of this work carried on at Western Michigan University during the past year is an attempt to elucidate further the action of Rh hapten within the body, or more specifically, the effect of its ingestion on the circulating blood phosphorus.

A Spectrophotometric Study Of The Analytical Chemistry Of Vanadium, Kenton E. Bentley

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Vanadium is most frequently encountered in analytical chemistry in the volumetric determination of vanadium by oxidation-reduction titration. Vanadium is rarely determined gravimetrically and finds little use as a reagent in gravimetric analysis. The simple ionic forms of the valence states of vanadium and the colors of acidic, aqueous solutions of these ions, as reported in the literature, are listed in Table 1. There is some confusion in the nomenclature of the ionic forms; that given in Table 1 is by analogy to chromium.

The Synthesis Of Some Triazole Derivatives, John M. Collier

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The triazoles have been known since the late 1800's when von Pechmann discovered the ring system during the course of his work with osazones. He first assigned the name "osotriazone" to the parent ring; this was later changed to "osotriazole", a name which is still retained for certain derivatives obtained from the sugar osazones.

The Synthesis Of Some Fluorine Derivatives As Potential Scintillation Solutes, Martin Dennis Barnett

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In connection with work being carried out, in part, by the Biomedical Research Group, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, on the evaluation of organic compounds as solutes in liquid scintillation detector systems, it seemed of interest to investigate the liquid scintillation properties of fluorine analogues of p-terphenyl and p-quaterphenyl. These compounds have been shown to possess remarkable scintillation properties; however, the use of p-quaterphenyl has been severely curtailed by its low solubility in toluene. Accordingly, the synthesis of a number of 2- and 2,7-substituted fluorines was carried out in an effort to obtain a more soluble, completely conjugated aromatic system and …

An Esr Study Of Stable Free Radicals In Natural And Synthetic Melanins, Juana Acrivos

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Thermodynamic Properties Of The System Pucl3-Kcl, Robert Benz

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

It is a general experimental result that as the temperature of a chemical system is increased the thermodynamic parameters of state become more important while the diffusion controlled and other activation type parameters become less important in controlling the net chemical reaction. The growing intereats in chemical processing of plutonium materials at elevated temperatures has emphasied the importance of an accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic data tor plutonium compounds as an aid to the prediction and the study of possible economically feasible processes.

Synthesis Of 4, 7-Disubstituted Derivatives Of Imidazo-[4, 5-D]-Pyridazine And Related Compounds, William Seese

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The antitumor activity of 8-azaguanine (5-amino-7-hydroxy-v-triasolo([d] pyrimidine) (A) prompted the preparation of the imidazo-[4, 5-d] pyridazine ring system (B). In this ring the two nitrogen atoms are adjacent in the six-membered ring with the five-membered imidazole ring remaining the same as in the parent purine ring (C).

Some Aspects Of The Non-Aqueous Chemistry Of The Uranium Chlorides, Richard E. Panzer

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Uranium, discovered by Klaproth in 1789, has been the object of greatly intensified chemical and physical studies since the establishment of the Manhattan Project. An event such as the discovery of the hexachloride of uranium in 1943 points up the relatively unknown status of the chemistry of this element at a fairly recent date. It is not, therefore, surprising that the chemistry of many compounds of greater complexity than the hexachloride had not been investigated. However, with the search intensified for methods of separation of the naturally occurring isotopes for subsequent use in nuclear weapons and reactors, the years since …