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The Bromination Of 1,1,1-Ethanetriacetic Acid, John A. Gurney

Theses and Dissertations

Essential to the entire field of Organic Chemistry is the nature of the carbon to carbon bond. Our current concepts and guiding principles concerning it are almost solely constructed from aliphatic compounds, certain simple ring species, and aromatic systems. Except for special cases, aliphatic and aromatic types are felt to be mildly strained or free from internal tension while the alicylic small and medium ring compounds are the so-called strained molecules. These strained compounds involve bending back or compression of two of the four carbon bonds from an equilibrium position. Distortions of more complex origin occur in the paracyclophanes and …

The Magnesium-Hydrogen System, J. Frederick Stampfer Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The motivating factor for this investigation of the magnesium-hydrogen system was the recent interest in the hydride of beryllium. Although beryllium hydride has been prepared by the pyrolysis of di-t-butylberyllium, no evidence for the direct union of beryllium and hydrogen has been reported. It was thought that an examination of the reaction between magnesium and hydrogen and determination of the thermodynamic relations involved might have a bearing on this phenomenon. Also, the properties of magnesium hydride are interesting from an over-all periodic table viewpoint. The hydrides of beryllium and magnesium are usually considered to be intermediary between the saline, or …

The Extraction Of Scandium, Yttrium, And Lanthanum Using Various Monoalkyl Orthophosphoric Acids, Clarence Gerald Warren

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The separation of lanthanum, yttrium, and the rare earth elements from their ores has been a challenge to the chemist for many years. The similarity in chemical properties has made their separation a problem of extraordinary difficulty. Fractional crystallization has been the classical method utilized in the past, although individual elements have been isolated by oxidation or reduction to other than the tripositive oxidation state (1). Recently ion exchange and solvent extraction methods have become more important as a means of separation of these elements. Both of these techniques depend upon fractional differences in the distribution of compounds or ions …

Absorption Of Antimony(Iii) And Indium From Anhydrous Acetic Acid By Ion Exchange Resins, Robert Tor Lofberg

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Organic ion exchange resins are a comparatively recent development. In 1935 Adams and Holmes prepared the first ion exchange resin by polymerizing polyhydric phenols with formaldehyde. The condensation product exhibited definite reversible cation exchange properties. The success of this experiment led them to the development of the first anion exchange resin which was prepared by the polymerization of phenylenediamine with formaldehyde. The publication of these experiments inspired many similar investigations leading directly to the manufacture of the numerous ion exchange resins now commercially available.

Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds With Amberlite Ir-45, Nathaniel Joseph Lane Jr.

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the experimental relationships which exist between Amberlite IR-45 and various carbonyl compounds with the hope that the knowledge obtained may ultimately form the basis of a new separation technique.

The Synthesis Of Some Methyl Substituted 3,4-Benzpyrenes, Jules L. Adelfang

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

3,4-Benzpyrene (I), a highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon was first isolated from coal tar in 1933 by Cook, Hewett, and Hieger. Interest in the relationship of structure to carcinogenic activity and correlation of physical properties with carcinogenic potency led to the synthesis of several monomethyl 3,4-benzpyrenes during the decade following the isolation of the parent hydrocarbon. Detailed reviews concerned with the various phases of this research have been prepared. Recently the synthesis of the 1-^2, 7-^3, 8-^(2,5), and 10-^4 methyl-3,4-benzpyrenes completed the series of reported monomethyl derivaives.

A Study Of Cholesterol And Lecithin Blood Levels In Rh Sensitized Women Treated With Rh Hapten, Franklyn Lewis

Masters Theses

The Problem And Its Background

Introduction

Perhaps one of the most popular subjects, and a subject which has been discussed a great deal by the layman is that of Rh and Rh incompatibilities.

Landsteiner¹ discovered the Rh property of human blood by means of immune sera prepared with the blood of rhesus monkeys. He was assisted in this work by Wiener², who states that the Rh property was found to be present in about 85% of white individuals, and independent of the blood groups and M-N type. It is these individuals who are referred to as Rh …

The Chemical Behavior Of Iodine At Tracer Concentrations, Henry Morris Eiland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Radiochemistry was introduced as a separate branch of chemistry by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898. The first radiochemical process consisted of the separation and identification of the new element Polonium from the uranium ores pitchblende and chalcalite. It is significant that this process involved an amount of material so small that it could be detected only by its intense radioactivity. In the last half-century radiochemistry has developed into a field of ever increasing diversification.

Studies Of The Chemistry Of Systems Involving Water, Hydrogen Peroxide And Plutonium (Iv) Nitrate In Tri-N-Butyl Phosphate, Lawrence J. Mullins Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The reaction of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), with water and hydrogen peroxide is studied by means of distribution experiments. The solubility of water in TBP-hexane, at low TBP concentrations, is consistent with the premise that H₂O•TBP is the principal solvate species formed at low hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The distribution data at high hydrogen peroxide concentrations indicate that another species such as H₂O₂•TBP is also present. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with plutonium(IV) nitrate in TBP is studied by a spectrophotometric method. A complex is formed which contains one plutonium atom and two peroxy-oxygen atoms. The …

A Study Of The Density And Molecular Species Of Polonium And Tellurium Vapor, Angelo L. Giorgi

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the nature of the species of polonium and tellurium in equilibrium in the vapor phase at temperatures ranging from 422 degrees to 1013 degrees C. for polonium and from 512 degrees to 880 degrees C. for tellurium. Such information was based on measurements of the variation of vapor pressure and vapor density with temperature. The results of this investigation suggest that both polonium and tellurium exist as diatomic molecules in the vapor phase over the aforementioned temperature ranges.

A Radiochemical Investigation Of Short-Lived Selenium And Bromine Fission Products, James Edward Sattizahn Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

From a sample of uranium bombarded with neutrons, Hahn and Strassmann, in 1939, separated four radioactive products which followed alkaline earth chemistry and were therefore tentatively attributed to isotope of radium. Each of these products decayed to a daughter activity which could be precipitated along with lanthanum; the daughter activities were then assumed to be isotopes of actinium. Subsequently, by accepted methods of fractional crystallization and precipitation, the "radium" and "actinium" isotopes were identified unequivocally as isotopes of barium and lanthanum, respectively. Within a relatively short time there were found more such radioactive products, which were identified as isotopes of …

Behavior Of Indium At Tracer Concentrations, Katheryn L. Lawson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The increase in number and availability of radioisotopes that can be produced in the carrier-free state has offered practical means of investigating the chemical behavior of substances at extremely low concentrations. The working region of concentrations, which may extend to less than 10^-14 molar, is generally fixed only by the half-life of the radio-element and the nature of the radiation.

The Exchange Of Chlorine Between Hydrogen Chloride And Acetyl Chloride In The Vapor Phase, Warren J. Niell

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The aim of chemical kinetics is to predict the rates of chemical reactions, to determine the factors influencing the reaction rate, and to postulate a suitable reaction mechanism.

The Chemical Effects Of Gamma Radiation On Halogenated Methanes, Clifford G. Shultz

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The fundamental processes of radiation chemistry and photochemistry are quite parallel, and any consideration of one must include the theory of the other as well. Probably the first work done in photochemistry was that of Stephen Hales on photosynthesis, between 1677 and 1721. This was followed by descriptions of the action of light on silver salts by Schultz, Beccarius, and Scheele. The latter also demonstrated that the action of light on silver chloride varied with the waveleneth of the light. Grotthus, in 1817, stated the first law of photochemistry: Only that light which is absorbed can give rise to a …

The Use Of P In Preparing Radioautographs, R. B. Hastings, James Dimond

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Value Of Including Chemistry Content In The Study Of High School Biology, Ramon Duane Buckley

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of including some definite chemistry content in high school biology. This evaluation was made by comparing outcomes of instruction in two different groups of a high school biology course. The two groups were equated in terms of the intelligence quotients, the sex, and the previous achievement in biology of the class members. The comparative gains in factual knowledge were measured by means of an evaluation test. The comparative gains in appreciations and interests in biology were measured with a questionnaire.

The Synthesis Of 7-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 6,7-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 10-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene And 7,10-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, Joseph Leonard Comp Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Interest in carcinogenic compounds began to develop when a form of cancer was found occurring in chimney sweeps in 1775. Skin cancer was found among workers in tar industries in 1875, and in 1887 workers in cotton spinning industries were known to have cancer which was attributed to contact with lubricating oils. Girls who painted the luminous dials of watches contracted cancer from exposure to the radioactive paint, and men who worked with B-naphthylamine developed bladder cancer. Many other cases of occupational cancer were reported before a systematic study of carcinogenic substances was begun. Early attempts to produce cancer in …

Tetrazolium Salts, Andrew Garnett Richardson

Master's Theses

Tetrazolium salts, as the name indicates, are quartenary. Substitution is possible on positions 2, 3, and 5 of the ring as is shown in type formula (I). When these substituent groups are bifunctional ditetrazolium salts of types (II), (III), and (IV) result. Compounds bridged at both R' and R'' at the same time are theoretical possible, but no such cases have been reported, probably on account of the practical limitations of synthesis. The anion, which is indicated by X, may be halide, sulfate, acetate, picrate, succinate, thiocyanate, or practically any atom or group capable of existing as a negative ion.

A Study Of Isotopic Exchange Between Potassium Iodide And Benzyl Iodide. Solvent Effects, Joseph A. Leary

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The kinetics of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions has been studied by numerous investigators during the past fifteen years. Included in this type of reaction are well-known general reactions such us (1) the Finkelstein reaction, (2) the Menschutkin reaction, (3) the alcoholysis of alkyl halides, and (4) various isotopic exchange reactions.

The Development Of A General Education College Chemistry Course, Luther Arnold

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Coprecipitation Of The Transuranium Elements With The Rare Earths Coprecipitation Of Americium With Lanthanum Oxalate, John A. Hermann

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Coprecipitation is a process whereby a substance soluble by itself is "carried" with an insoluble crystalline precipitate. As used here, coprecipitation applies to the "carrying" of a tracer by a precipitate formed in the presence of the tracer. The phenomenon is important in analytical chemistry¹, in the problem of impurities in precipitates; in radiochemistry^2,3, in the separation of radioactive tracers originally present in very low concentrations; and in general, whenever a solid is separated from its mother liquid by precipitation.

The Effect Of Ph On Phase Reversals Of Protein-Stabilized Emulsions, Samuel Arthur Bradford

Masters Theses

"The phase reversal of an emulsion from a system in which oil droplets are dispersed in a water medium to a system in which water droplets are dispersed in oil is dependent upon the interfacial characteristics of the liquids and the emulsifying agent being used, as well as the volume ratio of the two liquid phases. A preliminary investigation at this institution has indicated a possible relationship between phase reversal and the isoelectric point of gelatin used as the emulsifying agent. Since the properties of proteins vary so greatly with the hydrogen ion concentration, particularly near their isoelectric points, research …

The Synthesis Of 1-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 8-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene And 1,8-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, William Carter Doyle

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The search for the carcinogenic factor present in crude oil tar fractions was begun around 1915. With the observation that the high-boiling, most carcinogenic fractions exhibited fluorescence spectra similar to those of many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, several synthetic hydrocarbons were tested (1) on mice by skin painting techniques. Tumors were produced by 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (I), 3'-methyl-1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (II) and 6-isopropyl-1,2-benzanthracene (III). One of the most widely used synthetic hydrocarbon carcinogens at the present is 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene.

The Effect Of Ferrous And Ferric Ions On The Conversion Of Malate To Pyruvate By A Cell Free Extract Of Pigeon Liver, Keith Erwin Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

Recent investigations on the crude pigeon liver extracts have shown the presence of an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and carbon dioxide. The name malic enzyme has been given to this enzyme to distinguish it from malic dehydrogenase. Under aerobic conditions the addition of ferrous sulfate resulted in inhibition of the action of malic enzyme. Subsequent investigation showed that the inhibition obaerved was not due to ferrous ions, but due to ferric ions which were contaminating the ferrous sulfate. It was also shown that under aerobic conditions ferrous ions were rapidly oxidized to ferric ions. …

A Study Of The Chelation Of 1,3-Bis (Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Methylamino) 2-Propanol With Iron (Iii), Jane Bell Grinnan Gladding

Master's Theses

The element Iron is so important that a major era of history bore its name. Its magnetic and metallic properties have long been studied and used. It is also well known that iron. is the cental element in the oxygen-carrying compound hemo­ globin and therefore essential to life. Its biological importance is also evidenced by its presence in the cytochrome oxidases . These important biochemical compounds are iron chelates

Fundamental research with iron chelates may therefore shed light on the operations of certain enzyme systems, drugs and poisons. Analytical chemistry and the dye industry have used chelate compounds for many …

Rapid Method For The Paper Chromatographic Separation Of Amino Acids In Urine, John J. Magruder

Bachelors’ Theses

In the study of rapid analytical procedures, the author became interested in the field of chromatography. The difficulty of making rapid determinations of minute quantities of the amino acids led to this investigation of paper chromatography. The source of amino acids used in this work are the free amino acids contained in human urine. The rapidity of determining the amino acids was the critical interest in this work. Two-dimensional and circular chromatograms were both investigated to determine which method was the better suited to accomplish the rapid separation of the amino acids.

The Decomposition Of Solid Barium Nitrate By Gamma Rays, Lawrence E. Lamar

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Very little work has been done on the chemical effects produced during the irradiation of solid materials. Although some research has been reported concerning the action of ultraviolet light on solid nitrates, most of the information in the literature is based upon the use of nuclear radiations.

The Synthesis Of 2-Methyl-3, 4-Benzpyrene And 2, 8-Dimethyl-3, 4-Benzpyrene, James W. Patton

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In 1933 Cook, Hewett and Hieger (1) isolated a carcinogenic hydrocarbon from coal tar thought to be 3,4-benzpyrene (I).

A Polarographic Study Of Respiration In A Blue-Green Alga, Samuel Leonard Cooke Jr.

Master's Theses

The study of many aspects of physiology is accomplished by the study of respiration under varied conditions. For this purpose, a simple, rapid, and relatively accurate respirometer would be useful. This project was undertaken to investigate the possibility of adapting previously described polarographic techniques to the measurement of respiration.

Paper Partition Chromatography: A Qualitative Method For Separating The Amino Acid Residue Of Hydrolyzed Hordein, Samuel D. Toner

Bachelors’ Theses

In the search for a new analytical procedure the author became interested in the field of paper chromatography, and especially in its relation to the study of amino acids. The source of amino acids used in this work was selected from the alcohol-soluble hordein fraction of barley. Special attention was given to obtaining more rapid separation of the amino acids on two-dimensional paper chromatograms.