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Articles 1891 - 1920 of 20608
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Thymidine Phosphorylase Is A Promising Target In Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein-Enhanced Thrombosis, Renat Roytenberg
Thymidine Phosphorylase Is A Promising Target In Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein-Enhanced Thrombosis, Renat Roytenberg
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Thrombosis, as an underlying mechanism in cardiovascular diseases, is the leading global cause of death in the 21st century. Infection is a risk factor for thrombosis, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a rise in the incidence of thrombosis, thereby increasing mortality. In comparison to previous severe coronavirus outbreaks, rates of thrombosis in COVID-19 have been unprecedented. COVID-19 is caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP), the key used to enter host cells, is implicated in thrombosis pathology, though mechanisms are not fully understood. The SARS-CoV-2 …
Differential Tail Autotomy Between Two Genetic Clades Of A Woodland Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus, Ryan Mayer
Differential Tail Autotomy Between Two Genetic Clades Of A Woodland Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus, Ryan Mayer
Masters Theses
Following the retreat of glaciers in North America, a wide diversity of organisms rapidly migrated into previously uninhabited regions, including animals with limited dispersal abilities such as amphibians. I wanted to better understand the strategies that salamanders use to aid in their dispersal abilities and to understand if patterns of post-glacial range expansion affect phenotypic traits such as anti-predator strategies. In this study, I used existing phylogeographic evidence of clade membership as a framework to examine whether red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) differed in tail autotomy behavior at the range edge versus the range core, and across the geographic range of …
Examining Quantitative Honest Signaling In Aposematic Traits Of The Green And Black Poison Frog Dendrobates Auratus From Costa Rica, Katherine Porras-Brenes
Examining Quantitative Honest Signaling In Aposematic Traits Of The Green And Black Poison Frog Dendrobates Auratus From Costa Rica, Katherine Porras-Brenes
Masters Theses
No abstract provided.
A Global Synthesis Of The Relative Impacts Of Habitat Amount, Fragmentation, And Matrix Quality On Forest Biodiversity, Antoinette Esposito
A Global Synthesis Of The Relative Impacts Of Habitat Amount, Fragmentation, And Matrix Quality On Forest Biodiversity, Antoinette Esposito
Masters Theses
Aim To assess the relative impact of different landscape variables on species richness and to determine whether species richness declines more rapidly below an extinction threshold of remaining habitat. The results of this study will help to better inform future conservation strategies. Location Global Time period 1997 – 2013 Major taxa studied Amphibians, birds, invertebrates, mammals, and reptiles Methods Data from 71 studies published in the global BioFrag database were used to determine species richness across multiple landscapes and biomes. The Hansen dataset was used to collect data on habitat amount (forest area), fragmentation (patch density), and matrix quality (mean …
The Impact Of Isolation From Other Members Of The Greater Bamboo Lemur (Prolemur Simus) Species On The Behavior Of A Lone Greater Bamboo Lemur In Ranomafana National Park, Marissa N. Mccandless, Alex Casamassima, Sophie Thomas
The Impact Of Isolation From Other Members Of The Greater Bamboo Lemur (Prolemur Simus) Species On The Behavior Of A Lone Greater Bamboo Lemur In Ranomafana National Park, Marissa N. Mccandless, Alex Casamassima, Sophie Thomas
Undergraduate Research (Journal)
Across Madagascar, many lemur species are declining in number due to deforestation perpetuated by slash and burn agriculture. Ranomafana National Park hosts 12 unique lemur species, one of which has a local population of just a single individual- the Greater Bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus). Being extremely social beings, we theorize that isolation from members of one’s species will change behavioral patterns. To test this hypothesis, we used focal animal sampling to record the behavior of the Greater Bamboo lemur for about 40 hours over a five day period. We compared our results to behavioral data collected of lemurs in a …
A Comparative Study Of Biocrusts On Gypsum And Non-Gypsum Soils In The Northern Chihuahuan And Eastern Mojave Deserts, Usa: Biocrust Mosses Respond To Soil, Environmental, And Climatic Conditions, Katelyn Gobbie
Masters Theses
Biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) growing on gypsum soils have been well- documented for their prolific appearance and rich diversity of lichens and bryophytes. However, studies characterizing gypsum biocrusts have primarily occurred outside of the U.S., most of which lack comparisons to other soil types. We conducted intensive field surveys to evaluate the cover and frequency of biocrust functional groups and moss species on gypsum and non-gypsum soils in the U.S. regions with the most extensive gypsum outcrops, the northern Chihuahuan and eastern Mojave Deserts. We employed canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to relate the observed differences in biocrust abundance and …
Interplay Between Rna Editing And Alternative Splicing Modulates Biophysical And Pharmacological Properties Of The Ion Channel Cav1.3, Willy Munyao
Theses and Dissertations
Alternative splicing and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing are post-transcriptional mechanisms that promote proteomic diversity in the brain. The impact of RNA editing on brain physiology is underscored by its association with the etiology and pathogenesis of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Alternative splicing of exon 43 within the CaV1.3 C-terminus produces long (CaV1.3L) and short (CaV1.343S) variants exhibiting distinct gating and pharmacological properties. While the physiological role of CaV1.3 A-to-I RNA editing in brain function is still unfolding, recent findings indicate that unedited CaV1.3 channels display larger calcium influx and enhanced neuronal excitability, suggesting that A-to-I RNA editing may act …
Mark-Recapture Methods In Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus Adamanteus) Monitoring, Carissa J. Adams
Mark-Recapture Methods In Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus Adamanteus) Monitoring, Carissa J. Adams
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus; EDB) are an imperiled species native to the Southeastern United States longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. Several markrecapture methods have been used range-wide in hopes of increasing knowledge on their population numbers. I explored the efficacy of two mark-recapture methods (scale cauterization and dorsal head photography) using the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, SC EDB population in this multi-part study. The first method I evaluated was ventral scale branding, which has been widely implemented without knowledge of brand permanence. I classified misidentification errors at capture status (new versus recapture) and …
Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Sarah Luper
Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Sarah Luper
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Recreational trails and the presence of invasive species such as Bromus inermis can both disturb grassland community composition. Trails can act as dispersal corridors for plant material, but can also be a source of trampling and compaction. Invasive grasses like Bromus inermis can easily establish in grasslands and decrease species richness by increasing competition. Understanding these effects, this study aims to understand how both the presence of recreational trails as well as the presence of Bromus inermis affect species richness and overall community composition at Two Ponds National Wildlife Refuge. Belt transect sampling took place in fall 2019 and again …
Patterns Of Genetic Structure In Spiders Beetles, Naiya Sims
Patterns Of Genetic Structure In Spiders Beetles, Naiya Sims
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Spider beetles are a poorly known group of North American beetles in the family Ptinidae. Protection of biodiversity requires knowledge of species- and population-level distinctiveness, so data regarding genetic structure of spider beetles can shed light on conservation priorities. Spider beetles in the genus, Coleotestudus, are distributed broadly in the southwestern US. Given their small size and lack of flight, it is presumed that the dispersal capability of Coleotestudus is limited, leading to strong population structure on a small spatial scale. We used a three-enzyme restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (3RAD) strategy to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome …
What Is The Best Way To Combat The Symptoms Of Knee Osteoarthritis?, Anna Reich
What Is The Best Way To Combat The Symptoms Of Knee Osteoarthritis?, Anna Reich
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease that a significant percentage of adults contend with. This degenerative joint disease causes the breakdown of tissue at the joint, which leads to symptoms of pain, decreased function, and limited range of motion. There are various methods of combating these symptoms. Treatment options include basic lifestyle modifications and other nonpharmacological methods, oral and topical drugs, intraarticular injections, and surgery. There are benefits and risks, as well as a lack of effectiveness associated with these treatments. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is an optimal treatment for this disease. Based on the …
Environmental Biology Masters Capstone, Antonio Gonzalez-Pita
Environmental Biology Masters Capstone, Antonio Gonzalez-Pita
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Human wildlife interactions (HWI) pose a complex challenge for wildlife managers. Human encroachment into wildlife habitat and the growing number of outdoor recreationists are increasing the frequency of contact and conflict, especially in regions such as the Front Range of Colorado. Geographic information systems (GIS), which use a combination of remote sensing and environmental survey data, allow for predictive spatial analyses of where human wildlife interactions are likely to occur. I used publicly reported observations of moose to create spatial predictive maps in a species distribution model framework. Slope and elevation were shown to be the strongest predictors of HWI, …
Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling In Diet-Enhanced Bone Elongation, Cassaundra A. White
Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling In Diet-Enhanced Bone Elongation, Cassaundra A. White
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Childhood obesity has increased precipitously to the point that almost 20% of children between the ages of 2 and 19 have been diagnosed with obesity. While obesity is a complex metabolic disorder, one contributing factor is diet, particularly a diet high in fat. Among many problems associated with diet-induced obesity, the impact on skeletal health is often overlooked. In addition to increased stress on the skeleton due to excess weight, obesity also disrupts the endocrine and immune systems that, in turn, can secondarily alter skeletal growth. Obesity during the early years of childhood is particularly detrimental because the skeleton is …
Locus-Specific Differential Expression Of Human Satellite Sequences In The Nuclei Of Cancer Cells And Heat-Shocked Cells, Christina Rabeler, N. Paterna, Rajiv Potluri , '20, Lia R. D’Alessandro , '21, Anusha Bhatia , '24, Shu Yi Chen , '24, Johanna Lee , '23, Bereketab Abeje , '23, Benjamin Lipchin , '25, B. R. Carone, Dawn M. Carone
Locus-Specific Differential Expression Of Human Satellite Sequences In The Nuclei Of Cancer Cells And Heat-Shocked Cells, Christina Rabeler, N. Paterna, Rajiv Potluri , '20, Lia R. D’Alessandro , '21, Anusha Bhatia , '24, Shu Yi Chen , '24, Johanna Lee , '23, Bereketab Abeje , '23, Benjamin Lipchin , '25, B. R. Carone, Dawn M. Carone
Biology Faculty Works
Human satellites (HSats) are pericentric, tandemly repeating satellite DNA sequences in the human genome. While silent in normal cells, a subset of HSat2 noncoding RNA is expressed and accumulates in the nucleus of cancer cells. We developed a FISH-based approach for identification of the distribution of three subfamilies of HSat2 (A1, A2, B) sequences on individual human chromosomes. Further, using the HSat subfamily annotations in the T2T completed centromere satellite (CenSat) sequence, we isolated, defined and mapped differentially expressed sequence variants of nuclear-restricted HSat2 and HSat3 RNA from cancer cell lines and heat-shocked cells. We identified chromosome-specific and subfamily-specific expression …
Noise And Light Pollution Elicit Endocrine Responses In Urban But Not Forest Frogs, J. A. H. Smit, R. Vooijs, P. Lindenburg, Alexander T. Baugh, W. Halfwerk
Noise And Light Pollution Elicit Endocrine Responses In Urban But Not Forest Frogs, J. A. H. Smit, R. Vooijs, P. Lindenburg, Alexander T. Baugh, W. Halfwerk
Biology Faculty Works
Urban areas are characterised by the presence of sensory pollutants, such as anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN). Animals can quickly adapt to novel environmental conditions by adjusting their behaviour, which is proximately regulated by endocrine systems. While endocrine responses to sensory pollution have been widely reported, this has not often been linked to changes in behaviour, hampering the understanding of adaptiveness of endocrine responses. Our aim was, therefore, to investigate the effects of urbanisation, specifically urban noise and light pollution, on hormone levels in male urban and forest túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus), a species with …
Lyme Disease Ecology In The Eastern United States: An Overview, Aliya C. Aguirre
Lyme Disease Ecology In The Eastern United States: An Overview, Aliya C. Aguirre
Biology Student Work
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States of America (USA). In North America, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) and vectored by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. Historically, Lyme disease has been primarily restricted to the northeastern United States, despite I. scapularis occurring throughout the entire eastern region. There are genetically unique northern and southern populations of I. scapularis. The differences between these two populations have been hypothesized to be driving the difference in Lyme disease case incidence in the northeastern and southeastern United States. This review will examine …
Editorial: Volume Ii: Fibrotic Tissue Remodeling As A Driver Of Disease Pathogenesis, Arkadeep Mitra, Sarika Saraswati, Trayambak Basak
Editorial: Volume Ii: Fibrotic Tissue Remodeling As A Driver Of Disease Pathogenesis, Arkadeep Mitra, Sarika Saraswati, Trayambak Basak
Biology Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
How Does Marijuana Affect Reproductive Health?, Miriam Blatner
How Does Marijuana Affect Reproductive Health?, Miriam Blatner
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Marijuana use has become prevalent worldwide, especially amongst men and women of reproductive age. Marijuana acts on Cannabinoid receptors, which are a part of the Endocannabinoid system. CB1 and CB2 receptors are most found in humans. Activation of Cannabinoid receptors in males cause a reduction in healthy sperm parameters and inhibits the acrosomal reaction, and therefore minimizes fertility potential. Researchers have not yet discovered any significant interactions between marijuana and the female reproductive system. There has also been limited evidence displaying the effects that marijuana has on pregnancy and breastfeeding of infants. Nevertheless, physicians have recommended against marijuana use while …
The Impact Of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy On Fetal Development, Ariella Eisig
The Impact Of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy On Fetal Development, Ariella Eisig
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy significantly impacts both maternal and fetal health, posing physical and neuropsychological development risks for the neonate. This paper reviews the mechanism of thyroid function, the etiology, screening for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and the effects on fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. Multiple studies have shown that maternal thyroid dysfunction can lead to various complications such as IUGR, preterm birth, neonatal Grave’s disease, and adverse neuropsychological outcomes in children. Proper screening, monitoring, and management of maternal thyroid function are essential to lessen these risks and ensure optimal fetal development. Further research is warranted to better understand the complex …
The Effects Of Habitat Characteristics And Location On Brook Trout Size Distribution, Bryce Groves
The Effects Of Habitat Characteristics And Location On Brook Trout Size Distribution, Bryce Groves
Journal of Earth and Life Science
Adfluvial Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis are known to typically grow larger than riverine Brook Trout. The Kabekona River in Hubbard County, Minnesota exhibits suitable habitat for both fluvial and adfluvial Brook Trout populations. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between depth, stream width, canopy cover, water temperature, sediment size, and distance from Kabekona Lake on Brook Trout size distribution in the Kabekona River. Brook Trout (n=35) were angled from the Kabekona River from August 24 to September 26, 2023. Each fish was measured and released, with habitat metrics being recorded at time of release. ArcGIS was …
Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz
Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
During times of maternal stress, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids which can affect development and permanently alter offspring phenotype. In placental species, the placenta mediates fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids via metabolism, yet the placenta itself responds to glucocorticoids to regulate offspring growth and development. In oviparous species, maternal glucocorticoids can be deposited into the egg yolk and are metabolized early in development. This metabolism is mediated by the extraembryonic membranes, but it is unknown if the extraembryonic membranes also respond to maternal glucocorticoids in a way comparable to the placenta. In this study, we …
Reaching Across The Divide: Tools For Bridging Structural And Viral Genomics Using A Combination Of Biophysical Principles And Machine Learning, Diana Yvette Lee
Reaching Across The Divide: Tools For Bridging Structural And Viral Genomics Using A Combination Of Biophysical Principles And Machine Learning, Diana Yvette Lee
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Bacteriophages are the most ubiquitous biological entity on the planet, but most viruses found in nature cannot be cultured in the laboratory and encode genes whose sequences lack similarity with current nucleotide and protein databases. New predictive methods are thus necessary to determine the phenotype of viruses. In this work, we leverage the physical geometrical constraints of viruses to quantify the correlation between the geometric and genomic characteristics of tailed phages, and predict physical features such as architecture and genome length of uncultured viruses using allometric models and machine learning algorithms. Here, we present a model to predict the T-number …
Hen-Durance Training—Effects Of An Exercise Regimen On Laying Hen Muscle Architecture And Fracture Prevalence, Grace A.T. Hong, Bret W. Tobalske, Nienke Van Staaveren, Emily M. Leishman, Tina M. Widowski, Donald R. Powers, Alexandra Harlander
Hen-Durance Training—Effects Of An Exercise Regimen On Laying Hen Muscle Architecture And Fracture Prevalence, Grace A.T. Hong, Bret W. Tobalske, Nienke Van Staaveren, Emily M. Leishman, Tina M. Widowski, Donald R. Powers, Alexandra Harlander
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Domestic chickens kept for egg laying navigate inclines such as ramps in some commercial housing systems to aid in transitions between housing tiers. Laying hens use their wings and hindlimbs in a locomotion called wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) to ascend steep inclines. There is a potential relationship between the strength of the main flight muscles and the health of the keel bone from which they originate. We sought to test the effects of a controlled, WAIR-based exercise regimen during rearing on keel bone health and muscle properties of white- and brown-feathered laying hens. The WAIR exercise regimen, which consisted of …
Description Of Neoperla Philippinensis Sp. Nov. Confirmed Using Integrative Taxonomy And Some Notes On Neoperla Oculata Banks, 1924 (Plecoptera: Perlidae), Arthien Lovell P. Pelingen
Description Of Neoperla Philippinensis Sp. Nov. Confirmed Using Integrative Taxonomy And Some Notes On Neoperla Oculata Banks, 1924 (Plecoptera: Perlidae), Arthien Lovell P. Pelingen
Biology Faculty Publications
I re-examine the assumed phenotypic variable Neoperla oculata Banks, 1924 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and describe Neoperla philippinensis sp. nov. All material examined herein are collections from the Mindanao region, of which supplementary information were provided including COI mtDNA accessions, female adult associations, and egg morphology characterization.
Incorporating Sex-Diverse And Gender-Inclusive Perspectives In Higher Education Biology Courses, Breanne N. Harris, A Kelsey Lewis, Sam L. Sharpe, Teri J. Orr, Christopher T. Martine, Chloe C. Josefson
Incorporating Sex-Diverse And Gender-Inclusive Perspectives In Higher Education Biology Courses, Breanne N. Harris, A Kelsey Lewis, Sam L. Sharpe, Teri J. Orr, Christopher T. Martine, Chloe C. Josefson
Faculty Journal Articles
Inclusive teaching is teaching in a way that reaches all students in the classroom; this is beneficial for everyone, particularly for those with minoritized identities. Instructors play a critical role in scaffolding how students are exposed to and learn science content in the classroom. In this manuscript, we discuss how biology instructors can make their classrooms more inclusive with regard to sex and gender diversity content. Many topics in biology are based on androcentric, heteronormative, and oppressive framing, even though those lenses are more reflective of our own history and culture than they are of the diversity we see in …
Carbaryl-Induced Leaf Necrosis In Vitis Rupestris B-38, Courtney Nicole Duncan
Carbaryl-Induced Leaf Necrosis In Vitis Rupestris B-38, Courtney Nicole Duncan
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Agricultural insecticides are formulated to target insects while minimizing harm to the intended crop. In rare instances, however, insecticides induce harmful physiological reactions in certain plant genomes, inflicting severe tissue damage. This project investigated the genetic basis of such a reaction observed in the grape genotype Vitis rupestris B38 following exposure to the insecticide carbaryl, which manifests as interveinal leaf necrosis. Through analysis of an F1 hybrid progeny of this grapevine, I mapped this phenotype to a QTL on chromosome 16. The carbaryl-sensitive trait was repeatedly mapped to the same locus using phenotype data from two different field locations and …
Disturbance-Prone Ozark Streams: Interactions Between Plants And The Stream Environment, Alexis Renea Reifsteck
Disturbance-Prone Ozark Streams: Interactions Between Plants And The Stream Environment, Alexis Renea Reifsteck
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Ozark streams are extremely diverse ecosystems, despite frequent flood disturbance. Plant communities are frequently altered by bed-moving floods but are extremely resilient. We know that land-use, sediments, and nutrients can impact plant communities, but more can be divulged about how plants alter communities and how environmental variables influence plant community composition in disturbance-prone Ozark streams. To address this, I examined two key aspects of Ozark stream ecosystems: the role of American Water Willow, Justicia americana, in structuring aquatic habitats and the factors influencing gravel bar plant community composition. In the first chapter, I investigated how J. americana, a …
Effects Of Subchronic Oral Pfos Exposure Via Drinking Water On Gut Microbiota Composition, Emma Ann Loder
Effects Of Subchronic Oral Pfos Exposure Via Drinking Water On Gut Microbiota Composition, Emma Ann Loder
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) has been phased out of production in the United States, but because of its resistance to degradation and its persistence in the environment, PFOS can be found in drinking water across America. Oral exposure to PFOS has been linked to adverse developmental, immunological, hepatic, and endocrine health. Oral PFOS exposure may alter the gut microbiota and cause dysbiosis, which is implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases like Crohn’s disease, diabetes, and ulcerative colitis. The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of subchronic oral PFOS exposure on the composition of the gut microbiota. Adult …
Demographics And Recruitment Patterns In A Reintroduced Population Of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii), Melisa P. Blasky
Demographics And Recruitment Patterns In A Reintroduced Population Of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii), Melisa P. Blasky
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Reintroductions have increasingly become a useful tool for managing wildlife populations, but post-reintroduction studies to evaluate the success of these efforts are often lacking. In 2007, 265 Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) were released into several semi-impounded wetlands in the Washita River drainage basin in southeastern Oklahoma, where surveys in the late 1990s suggested that the species was functionally extirpated. I conducted turtle trapping surveys using baited hoop nets to assess demographics and recruitment patterns in the population 11–12 years after the initial reintroduction. I estimated the age of juveniles by counting scute annuli and compared the data …
How Environmental Variation Affects Bumblebee Cognition And The Gut Microbiome, Parker Madison Campbell
How Environmental Variation Affects Bumblebee Cognition And The Gut Microbiome, Parker Madison Campbell
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
This master's thesis examines the influence of environmental variables on cognitive processes in Bombus impatiens, focusing on the effects of ingested microbial communities on gut microbiota and their subsequent impact on associative color learning. The study implemented controlled feeding trials with isolated microbe species (Candida bombi, Metschnikowia reukaufii, Lactobacillus micheneri and a control with no microbes) to analyze shifts in gut microbial composition in foraging bees. Results indicated minor alterations in the microbial profiles of bees, yet no statistically significant correlation was found between these modifications and variations in learning or memory performance. Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of …