A Rapid And Non-Invasive Method For Measuring The Peak Positive Pressure Of Hifu Fields By A Laser Beam,
2017
Chongqing Medical University
A Rapid And Non-Invasive Method For Measuring The Peak Positive Pressure Of Hifu Fields By A Laser Beam, Hua Wang, Deping Zeng, Ziguang Chen, Zengtao Yang
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Based on the acousto-optic interaction, we propose a laser deflection method for rapidly, non-invasively and quantitatively measuring the peak positive pressure of HIFU fields. In the characterization of HIFU fields, the effect of nonlinear propagation is considered. The relation between the laser deflection length and the peak positive pressure is derived. Then the laser deflection method is assessed by comparing it with the hydrophone method. The experimental results show that the peak positive pressure measured by laser deflection method is little higher than that obtained by the hydrophone, confirming that they are in reasonable agreement. Considering that the peak pressure …
Benchmark Burnishing With Almen Strip For Surface Integrity,
2017
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
Benchmark Burnishing With Almen Strip For Surface Integrity, Z. Y. Liu, C. H. Fu, M. P. Sealy, Y. Zhao, Y. B. Guo
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Burnishing is a surface treatment process widely used in aerospace, navy and other industries to improve fatigue and corrosion resistance by introducing a compressive residual stress layer. The measurement of residual stress by XRD is expensive, time consuming, and tedious. This work presented a quick method to determine the residual stress by using Almen strips. Inspired by the application of Almen strips in shot peening, deflections of burnished Almen strips under different burnishing conditions were measured. It was found that the deflection of Almen strip reflects the magnitude and penetration depth into subsurface of induced stress. Higher burnishing force, smaller …
Effects Of Aspect Ratio On The Mode Couplings Of Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators,
2017
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Effects Of Aspect Ratio On The Mode Couplings Of Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators, Nian Li, Zhenghua Qian, Jiashi Yang
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
We studied mode couplings in thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators of a piezoelectric film on a dielectric layer operating with the fundamental thickness-extensional mode. A system of plate equations derived in our previous paper was used which includes the couplings to the unwanted in-plane extension, flexure, fundamental and second-order thickness shear modes. It was shown that the couplings depend strongly on the plate length/thickness ratio. For a relatively clean operating mode with weak couplings to unwanted modes, a series of discrete values of the plate length/thickness ratio should be avoided and these values were determined in the present paper. …
Clustering On Magnesium Surfaces – Formation And Diffusion Energies,
2017
Shanghai University
Clustering On Magnesium Surfaces – Formation And Diffusion Energies, Haijian Chu, Hanchen Huang, Jian Wang
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The formation and diffusion energies of atomic clusters on Mg surfaces determine the surface roughness and formation of faulted structure, which in turn affect the mechanical deformation of Mg. This paper reports first principles density function theory (DFT) based quantum mechanics calculation results of atomic clustering on the low energy surfaces {0001} and {1011}. In parallel, molecular statics calculations serve to test the validity of two interatomic potentials and to extend the scope of the DFT studies. On a {0001} surface, a compact cluster consisting of few than three atoms energetically prefers a facecentered- cubic stacking, to serve as a …
Review Of Sustainability Issues In Non-Traditional Machining
Processes,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Review Of Sustainability Issues In Non-Traditional Machining Processes, Kamlakar Rajurkar, H. Hadidi, J. Pariti, G. C. Reddy
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Non-traditional machining processes (such as EDM and ECM) provide alternatives or sometimes the only alternative in generating highly complex 3-D features in very difficult-to -machine materials. This paper reviews recently published work on sustainability issues related to these processes. For example in Electrochemical machining (ECM) the effect of sludge generation and selection of dielectric in Electrodischarge machining (EDM) need to be investigated from the sustainability point of view. All processes need to be studied not only for resulting productivity and accuracy but also their environmental impact during product generation and usage. This paper addresses process mechanisms, surface integrity, sensing and …
Accommodation Of The Human Lens Capsule Using A Finite Element Model Based On Nonlinear Regionally
Anisotropic Biomembranes,
2017
University of the Philippines
Accommodation Of The Human Lens Capsule Using A Finite Element Model Based On Nonlinear Regionally Anisotropic Biomembranes, G. David, Ryan M. Pedrigi, J. D. Humphrey
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Accommodation of the eyes, the mechanism that allows humans to focus their vision on near objects, naturally diminishes with age via presbyopia. People who have undergone cataract surgery, using current surgical methods and artificial lens implants, are also left without the ability to accommodate. The process of accommodation is generally well known; however the specific mechanical details have not been adequately explained due to difficulties and consequences of performing in vivo studies. Most studies have modeled the mechanics of accommodation under assumptions of a linearly elastic, isotropic, homogenous lens and lens capsule. Recent experimental and numerical studies showed that the …
Growth Mechanisms Of Multiscale, Mound-Like Surface Structures
On Titanium By Femtosecond Laser Processing,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Growth Mechanisms Of Multiscale, Mound-Like Surface Structures On Titanium By Femtosecond Laser Processing, Edwin Peng, Ryan Bell, Craig A. Zuhlke, Meiyu Wang, Dennis R. Alexander, George Gogos, Jeffrey E. Shield
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) can be used to functionalize many surfaces, imparting specialized properties such as increased broadband optical absorption or superhydrophobicity/-hydrophilicity. In this study, the subsurface microstructure of a series of mound-like FLSP structures formed on commercially pure titanium using five combinations of laser fluence and cumulative pulse counts was studied. Using a dual beam Scanning Electron Microscope with a Focused Ion Beam, the subsurface microstructure for each FLSP structure type was revealed by cross-sectioning. The microstructure of the mounds formed using the lowest fluence value consists of the original Ti grains. This is evidence that preferential laser …
Design And Field Testing Of A Combined
Flaming And Cultivation Implement
For Effective Weed Control,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Design And Field Testing Of A Combined Flaming And Cultivation Implement For Effective Weed Control, Brian D. Neilson, Chris A. Bruening, Strahinja Stepanovic, Avishek Datta, Stevan Z. Knezevic, George Gogos
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Flaming is a thermal weed control method that uses heat to control weeds within or between crop rows. Mechanical cultivation is another weed control method which undercuts weeds between crop rows, while leaving a strip of weeds within the crop row. A combination flamer/cultivator implement was designed to take advantage of the good qualities of both flaming and cultivation methods to provide a more consistent weed control than using either flaming or mechanical cultivation alone. Flaming hoods were designed in the spring of 2010 and retrofitted on an existing row crop cultivator. The flaming hoods were redesigned in the spring …
Robotic Surgical Devices, Systems, And Related Methods,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Robotic Surgical Devices, Systems, And Related Methods, Shane M. Farritor, Erik Mumm, Philip Chu, Nishant Kumar, Jason Dumpert, Yutaka Tsutano
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices. Certain embodiments include various modular medical devices for in vivo medical procedures.
Methods , Systems , And Devices
Relating To Surgical End Effectors,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Methods , Systems , And Devices Relating To Surgical End Effectors, Shane M. Farritor, Tom Fredrick, Joe Bartels
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices, and more specifically including end effectors that can be incorporated into such devices. Certain end effector embodiments include various vessel cautery devices that have rotational movement as well as cautery and cutting functions while maintaining a relatively compact structure. Other end effector embodiments include various end effector devices that have more than one end effector.
System For Imaging And Measuring
Rail Deflection,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
System For Imaging And Measuring Rail Deflection, Shane M. Farritor
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Devices, systems, and methods for imaging and measuring deflections in structures such as railroad rail are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment relates to a vision system having a high-speed, visible-light imaging camera and an evaluation unit configured for analyzing images from the camera to detect geometric variations in the structure. In a second example, additional sensors are used to identify the wheel location(s) in the same reference frame as the mea Surement system. In analyzing structures Such as railroad track rail, the imaging camera can be coupled to a moving rail vehicle and configured for generating images of the rail as …
Effect Of Random Ethylene Comonomer On Relaxation Of Flow-Induced Precursors In Isotactic Polypropylene,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Effect Of Random Ethylene Comonomer On Relaxation Of Flow-Induced Precursors In Isotactic Polypropylene, Benjamin Schammé, Eric Dargent, Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The effect of comonomer on structure and relaxation of flow-induced precursors was investigated in a series of isotactic polypropylene and random propylene−ethylene copolymers. The polymers were subjected to flow by fiber pulling and allowed to relax above their nominal melting temperature for specific times. The type of morphology developed after cooling revealed whether flow-induced precursors were still present or the melt had fully reequilibrated. Precursors were long-lived and, at fixed temperature, decayed significantly faster with higher ethylene content. The critical time for precursor relaxation followed an Arrhenius-type dependence with temperature. The apparent energy of activation for precursor dissolution decreased with …
Rapidly Solidified Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets: Processing, Properties, And Applications,
2017
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Rapidly Solidified Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets: Processing, Properties, And Applications, Shampa Aich, Dillip K. Satapathy, Jeffrey E. Shield
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Rapidly solidified rare-earth-based permanent magnets are considered to have better potential as permanent magnets compared to the conventional bulk materials, which can be attributed to their improved microstructure and better magnetic properties compared to rare-earth magnets synthesized by the conventional (powder metallurgy) routes. The performance (quality) of these magnets depends on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the different processing routes, such as atomization, melt spinning, and melt extraction. Here, we review the various processing routes of rapidly solidified rare-earth permanent magnets and the related properties and applications. In the review, some specific alloy systems, such as Sm–Co-based alloys, Nd–Fe–B, and …
Biodegradable Elastic Nanofibrous
Platforms With Integrated Flexible
Heaters For On-Demand Drug
Delivery,
2017
Harvard Medical School
Biodegradable Elastic Nanofibrous Platforms With Integrated Flexible Heaters For On-Demand Drug Delivery, Ali Tamayol, Alireza Hassani Najafabadi, Pooria Mostafalu, Ali K. Yetisen, Mattia Commotto, Musab Aldhahri, Mohamed Shaaban Abdel-Wahab, Zeynab Izadi Najafabadi, Shahrzad Latifi, Mohsen Akbari, Nasim Annabi, Seok Hyun Yun, Adnan Memic, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Ali Khademhosseini
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Delivery of drugs with controlled temporal profiles is essential for wound treatment and regenerative medicine applications. For example, bacterial infection is a key challenge in the treatment of chronic and deep wounds. Current treatment strategies are based on systemic administration of high doses of antibiotics, which result in side effects and drug resistance. On-demand delivery of drugs with controlled temporal profile is highly desirable. Here, we have developed thermally controllable, antibiotic-releasing nanofibrous sheets. Poly(glycerol sebacate)- poly(caprolactone) (PGS-PCL) blends were electrospun to form elastic polymeric sheets with fiber diameters ranging from 350 to 1100 nm and substrates with a tensile modulus …
Nondestructive Testing System Design For Biological
Product Based On Vibration Signal Analysis Of
Acceleration Sensor,
2017
Northeastern University
Nondestructive Testing System Design For Biological Product Based On Vibration Signal Analysis Of Acceleration Sensor, Xiaohao Li, Tao Shen
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
In order to reduce the disadvantages of current biological product quality testing methods, taking the quality testing in cocoon trade markets as an example, this paper has proposed a quality nondestructive testing method for biological products based on the analysis of vibration signal from acceleration sensors. According to the wavelet transformation analysis on the random vibration signal acquired from the acceleration sensor, the random vibration signal related to the silkworm chrysalis quality has been analyzed and reconstructed; then the characteristic values such as: mean value, variance, mean square root, waveform index, pulse factor, and so on of the quality signal …
Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy On A Nanostructured Diamond Chip,
2017
Harvard University & University of New Mexico
Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy On A Nanostructured Diamond Chip, P. Kehayias, A. Jarmola, N. Mosavian, I. Fescenko, F.M. Benito, A. Laraoui, J. Smits, L. Bougas, D. Budker, A. Neumann, S.R.J. Brueck, V.M. Acosta
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Sensors using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are a promising tool for small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, but the limited sensitivity remains a challenge. Here we show nearly two orders of magnitude improvement in concentration sensitivity over previous nitrogen-vacancy and picoliter NMR studies. We demonstrate NMR spectroscopy of picoliter-volume solutions using a nanostructured diamond chip with dense, high-aspect-ratio nanogratings, enhancing the surface area by 15 times. The nanograting sidewalls are doped with nitrogen-vacancies located a few nanometers from the diamond surface to detect the NMR spectrum of roughly 1 pl of fluid lying within adjacent nanograting grooves. We perform 1H …
Development Of A Test Level 3 Transition Between Guardrail And Portable Concrete Barriers,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Development Of A Test Level 3 Transition Between Guardrail And Portable Concrete Barriers, Robert W. Bielenberg, David Gutierrez, Ronald K. Faller, John D. Reid, Phil Tenhulzen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications
Road construction often requires that work zones be created and shielded by portable concrete barriers (PCBs) to protect workers and equipment from errant vehicles as well as to prevent motorists from striking other roadside hazards. For an existing W-beam guardrail system installed adjacent to the roadway and near the work zone, guardrail sections are removed so a PCB system can be placed. A study was done to develop a crashworthy transition between W-beam guardrail and PCB systems. Design concepts were developed and refined through computer simulation with LS-DYNA. Additionally, a study of critical impact points was conducted to determine impact …
Micro/Nanostructures Formation By Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing On Amorphous And Polycrystalline Ni60nb40,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Micro/Nanostructures Formation By Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing On Amorphous And Polycrystalline Ni60nb40, Edwin Peng, Alfred Tsubaki, Craig A. Zuhlke, Meiyu Wang, Ryan Bell, Michael J. Lucis, Troy P. Anderson, Dennis R. Alexander, George Gogos, Jeffrey E. Shield
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Femtosecond laser surface processing is a technology that can be used to functionalize many surfaces, imparting specialized properties such as increased broadband optical absorption or superhydrophilicity/superhydrophobicity. In this study, two unique classes of surface structures, below surface growth (BSG) and above surface growth (ASG) mounds, were formed by femtosecond laser surface processing on amorphous and polycrystalline Ni60Nb40 with two different grain sizes. Cross sectional imaging of these mounds revealed thermal evidence of the unique formation processes for each class of surface structure. BSG mounds formed on all three substrates using the same laser parameters had similar surface …
Methods , Systems , And Devices
Relating To Robotic Surgical
Devices , End Effectors , And
Controllers,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Methods , Systems , And Devices Relating To Robotic Surgical Devices , End Effectors , And Controllers, Shane M. Farritor, Thomas Frederick, Joe Bartels, Eric Markvicka, Jack Mondry
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to improved robotic surgical systems, including robotic surgical devices having improved arm components and/or bio metric sensors, contact detection systems for robotic surgical devices, gross positioning systems and devices for use in robotic surgical systems, and improved external controllers and consoles.
การออกแบบและผลิตข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกที่สามารถงอข้อเข่าได้ในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้น,
2017
คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์
การออกแบบและผลิตข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกที่สามารถงอข้อเข่าได้ในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้น, จิรณัฐ มานุ้ย
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ปัจจุบันผู้พิการขาขาดเหนือเข่าในประเทศไทยมีจำนวนเพิ่มมากขึ้นเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับในอดีต ข้อเข่าเทียมจึงกลายมาเป็นอุปกรณ์สำคัญที่จะช่วยให้ผู้พิการมีคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดีขึ้น เมื่อพิจารณาข้อเข่าเทียมที่อยู่ในท้องตลาดพบว่า ข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกเป็นข้อเข่าเทียมที่เหมาะที่สุดสำหรับผู้พิการขาขาดในประเทศไทย อย่างไรก็ตามข้อเข่าเทียมแบบนี้ต้องนำเข้าจากต่างประเทศซึ่งทำให้ผู้พิการเข้าถึงข้อเข่าเทียมนี้ได้ยาก ปัญหาที่พบอีกอย่างคือข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกในท้องตลาดมีการงอข้อเข่าในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้นไม่้พียงพอ (0-4 º) งานวิจัยนี้จึงมีเป้าหมายที่จะออกแบบข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกที่สามารถงอข้อเข่าได้เหมาะสมที่ความเร็วต่าง ๆ และสามารถงอข้อเข่าในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้นได้ ในการออกแบบเราจะใช้กลไกแบบใหม่ที่สามารถรับข้อมูลการเดิน 2 อย่างในการทำงาน ซึ่งข้อมูลนี้คือแรงปฏิกิริยาจากพื้นในแนวหน้าแข้ง และโมเมนต์รอบแกนหมุนที่ออกแบบ การออกแบบจะเริ่มจากการออกแบบระบบไฮดรอลิกที่ใช้สำหรับปรับมุมงอข่อเข่าช่วงเท้ายกขึ้นจากพื้น จากนั้นจึงออกแบบระบบล็อกข้อเข่าที่ใช้ป้องกันการงอข้อเข่าในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้น หลังจากนั้นจึงตรวจสอบการทำงานด้วยโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ และทดสอบความแข็งแรงด้วยระเบียบวิธ๊ FEM ตามแนวทางมาตรฐาน ISO 10328: 2006 สุดท้ายจะทำการผลิตข้อเข่าเทียมขึ้นมาเพื่อทดสอบการใช้งานจริง จากผลการทดสอบพบว่าข้อเข่าเทียมไฮดรอลิกที่ออกแบบสามารถงอข้อเข่าในช่วงเท้าสัมผัสพื้นได้ 5-10 º ซึ่งมากกว่าข้อเข่าเทียมระบบไฮดรอลิกในท้องตลาด และสามารถปรับมุมงอข้อเข่าให้เหมาะสมกับความเร็วที่ใช้เดินได้โดยมีอัตราการเปลี่ยนมุมงอข้อเข่ามากสุดในช่วงเท้ายกขึ้นจากพื้นอยู่ที่ 27.5 º/(m/s) ซึ่งอัตราการเปลี่ยนแปลงนี้มีค่าอยู่ในช่วงที่ข้อเข่าเทียมระบบคอมพิวเตอร์สามารถทำได้ (3.5-28.1 º/(m/s)) นอกจากนี้ข้อเข่าเทียมที่ออกแบบยังมีความแข็งแรงเพียงพอสำหรับผู้พิการที่มีน้ำหนักไม่เกิน 80 kg
