Structural Engineering Commons^™

Quantitative Evaluation Of Asphalt Binder Extraction From Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Using Ashing And Centrifuge Methods, Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman, Eslam Deef-Allah

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binder requires more investigation to be accurately and precisely extracted since it is a significant procedure for quality control quality assurance (QC/QA) and subsequent binder characterization. In this research, the authors provided a hands-on experience with binder extraction to deliver recommendations concerning the sensitive steps that may affect the outcomes (extracted binder content, P_be %). Based on the extraction by the centrifuge method, two mineral matter determination methods (ashing and centrifuge) were addressed. Field cores were investigated with comparing the P_be % to the actual binder content, P_ba %. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Post-Hoc …

Rheological And Component Characterization Of An Innovative Bio-Binder Using Guayule Resin In Partial And Entire Asphalt Replacement, Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt cement will not last for a long time as the world encounters a diminishment in the crude oil. For sustainable, flexible pavement development, new resources can provide a contribution to replace it partially or entirely. In this study, asphalt was partially and entirely replaced by guayule resin as a bioresource by-product, extracted during the guayule natural rubber production. Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) was used as an asphalt enhancer. The Superpave grading system was followed at high, intermediate, and low temperatures to evaluate such innovative binder for rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking, respectively, in addition to viscosity. Therefore, the original, …

Rapid Repair Of Seismically Vulnerable Bridge Columns Following Earthquake Induced Damage, Gregory H. Norton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Master's Project Reports

The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake has a high probability of occurrence within our lifetime, threatening bridges across the Pacific Northwest. Damage is expected to be geographically spread throughout the region and will have a nearly simultaneous impact on transportation through several important corridors. While bridge repair and replacement will ultimately be needed, priority will be placed on resuming mobility such that repairs will need to be implemented quickly. In an effort to anticipate this need, a repair method is being developed for rapid repair with the goal of achieving semi-permanent installation that also considers the different bridge damage states …

Wind Hazard Resilient Construction Mitigation Decision-Making Using A Multi-Objective Optimization, Erin Gregory

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

While storms worsen and damage to homes increases, limited information is available about mitigations that are effective in lessening damage to homes and/or buildings. Information on past storms exists within FEMA’s Hazus-MH application, but the information provided by the data within the Hazus-MH application, while very informative on its own, was decidedly more precise and useful when optimized to provide defined information to those responsible for determining building codes or regulations for homes.

The research available from Hazus-MH details results from past storms categorized by building type, mitigations, and intensity of disaster. The data can be used to simulate storm …

Utilization Of Lidar Technology To Assess Vertical Clearances Of Civil Infrastructure, Daniel Levi Mcintosh

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The issue of vertical clearances along highway systems impact the functionality of the road network. Extracting current routing clearances for each structure can be a challenging and hazardous task. Pavement changes and roadway rehabilitation projects can alter roadway geometry, complicating efforts to maintain accurate clearance databases. Vertical clearance measurements may vary from one lane to another beneath overhead structures and are often difficult to obtain due to high traffic volumes. Inherently, traditional methods that are used to obtain the measurements routinely impede the flow of traffic and subject workers to dangerous environments. This study will examine the use of a …

Dual Target Optimization Of Two-Dimensional Truss Using Cost Efficiency And Structural Reliability Sufficiency, Mohammad Rezaee, Seyed Hooman Ghasemi, Mansoureh Rezaee

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

The main contribution of this study is to open a discussion regarding the structural optimization associated with the cost efficiency and structural reliability sufficiency consideration. To do so, several various optimization approaches are investigated to deliberate both cost and reliability concerns. Particularly, particle swarm optimization is highlighted as a reliable optimization approach. Accordingly, an illustrative example is rendered to compare the feasibility of the considered optimization approaches. The feasibility of the investigated approaches is evaluated using the cost and reliability analysis. For the considered example, it was observed that the PSO optimization algorithm has multiple advantages such as easy realization, …

Measuring Three-Dimensional Temperature Distributions In Steel-Concrete Composite Slabs Subjected To Fire Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors, Yi Bao, Matthew S. Hoehler, Christopher M. Smith, Matthew Bundy, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Detailed information about temperature distribution can be important to understand structural behavior in fire. This study develops a method to image three-dimensional temperature distributions in steel–concrete composite slabs using distributed fiber optic sensors. The feasibility of the method is explored using six 1.2 m × 0.9 m steel–concrete composite slabs instrumented with distributed sensors and thermocouples subjected to fire for over 3 h. Dense point clouds of temperature in the slabs were measured using the distributed sensors. The results show that the distributed sensors operated at material temperatures up to 960◦C with acceptable accuracy for many structural fire applications. The …

Benefits Of Including Sae Bolts, Nuts, And Washers In The Aisi Standard S100, Patrick Bodwell, Perry S. Green

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The addition of SAE J429 bolts along with their associated nuts and washers into the AISI STANDARD S100, North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Members, would be a significant enhancement to the specification by providing practitioners the opportunity to use a broader range of fasteners for the design of cold-formed steel structures. The design of bolted connections using SAE J429 bolts would be advantageous for many types of structures including mechanical support structures, storage rack systems, photovoltaic support structures, carport structures, and conventional repetitive frame structures that all utilize cold-formed steel members. These structures would benefit by having …

Uav-Enabled Measurement For Spatial Magnetic Field Of Smart Rocks In Bridge Scour Monitoring, Genda Chen

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

This lecture will present an overview of the research, development, validation, and implementation of 'smart' rocks as in-situ agents to assist in remote monitoring of bridge scour in real time. It will start with a brief review of fundamental concepts such as magnet, polarization, magnetic field, and field measurement principle. It will then introduce the concept of ‘smart’ rocks, demonstrate it through small-scale laboratory tests, and design and fabricate gravity-controlled ‘smart’ rocks for field implementation based on river hydrodynamics and riverbed conditions. Next, a ‘smart’ rock localization optimization algorithm will be formulated analytically and validated experimentally in open fields. It …

Heterogenous Trip Distance-Based Route Choice Behavior Analysis Using Real-World Large-Scale Taxi Trajectory Data, Yajuan Deng, Meiye Li, Qing Tang, Renjie He, Xianbiao Hu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Most early research on route choice behavior analysis relied on the data collected from the stated preference survey or through small-scale experiments. This manuscript focused on the understanding of commuters' route choice behavior based on the massive amount of trajectory data collected from occupied taxicabs. The underlying assumption was that travel behavior of occupied taxi drivers can be considered as no different than the well-experienced commuters. To this end, the DBSCAN algorithm and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were first used to classify trips into different categories based on the trip length. Next, a total of 9 explanatory variables were defined …

Component Analysis Of Bio-Asphalt Binder Using Crumb Rubber Modifier And Guayule Resin As An Innovative Asphalt Replacer, Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research seeks to interpret the component analysis of an innovative bio-asphalt binder using guayule resin in addition to crumb rubber modifier (CRM) at high concentrations. Such asphalt modification aims to minimize the dependency on virgin asphalt binder and provide new solutions concerning sustainable, flexible pavement industry. Guayule resin is a promising bioresource for asphalt binder replacement. By now, it could be considered a no value byproduct extracted during the guayule natural rubber production. CRM is a recycled material derived from scrap tires. The provided interpretation could help in understanding the asphalt-rubber-guayule interaction mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), supported …

Structural Design Example -- Four Span Metal Building Z-Purlin Line Supporting A Standing Seam Roof, Christopher D. Moen

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This example provides a step-by-step strength calculation of a 4-span continuous Z-purlin system supporting a standing seam roof.

Design inputs are defined first, including cross-section dimensions and orientation, span lengths, roof slope, and bracing provided by the standing seam to the purlin line. The calculations consider gravity (downward) and suction (uplift) loadings.

Implementation Of An Open-Source Digital Image Correlation Software For Structural Testing, Nicole V. Buck

Master's Theses

This thesis investigates the appropriateness of a simplified, open-source digital image correlation (DIC) software for use in quasi-static, structural testing utilizing two-dimensional (2D) DIC measurements. DIC is a non-contact optical measurement technique that uses computer vision to track unique attributes on the surface of an object. For structural testing, traditional instrumentation such as displacement sensors and strain gages are impractical for full field measurements due their limited ability to capture large amounts of data. However, over the past decade, DIC has proven a successful method for full-field kinematics measurements, making it an appealing tool for collecting high densities of accurate …

Lessons Learned From Six Different Structural Health Monitoring Systems On Highway Bridges, Abheetha Peiris, Charlie Sun, Issam E. Harik

Kentucky Transportation Center Faculty and Researcher Publications

Structural health monitoring has been utilized in numerous ways to investigate the performance and integrity of highway bridges. This paper highlights the use of six structural health monitoring systems, which were deployed to monitor distinct behaviors on six bridges in Kentucky. The structural health monitoring systems are as follows: (1) Over-height truck impact detection and monitoring on the I-64 over US 60 bridge, (2) Barge impact detection and monitoring on northbound US 41 over the Ohio River, (3) effectiveness of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit evaluation based on prestressed concrete I-girder crack movement on the I-65 elevated expressway in Louisville, (4) …

Deep Learning Techniques For Structural Response Prediction During Strong Ground Motions, Ahmed A. Torky, Susumu Ohno Prof., Toshide Kashima Prof.

Civil Engineering

In this paper, deep learning techniques are applied to predict a building’s structural response to strong ground motions. Data from sensors near and inside structures measure accelerations during strong ground motions. The Building Research Institute (BRI) ANX building, an eight-story structure, has experienced major earthquakes since 1998. Sensors in the building provide and accumulate big data of historic events. Changes of the natural frequency of the ANX building from the big data is initially quantified. The time-series data of the historic events can be used to predict future response to future events using deep learning models rapidly. Although previous literature …

Numerical Study Of Paraffin Wax Melting In A Cavity With A Gradient Of Hot Wall Inclination, Agus Dwi Korawan

Makara Journal of Technology

The melting of a phase change material (PCM) in a cavity with a gradient of hot wall inclination was simulated numerically using five models, namely, Model-A, Model-B, Model-C, Model-D, and Model-E with gradients of −2, −4, ∞, 4, and 2, respectively. The PCM was paraffin wax, which was melted using an enthalpy porosity technique with a pressure-based method. Model-A was found to be the best model. For the completion of the melting process, the models were assigned with the liquid fraction of 1. Model-A required the shortest time, followed by Model-B, Model-C, Model-E, and Model-D, respectively. Compared with Model-C, Model-A …

St. Mary And St. Anne Cathedral, Cork: An Optimum Heating Solution For Heritage Buildings?, Christopher Shiell, Roger P. West

Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020

Cathedrals and most churches are characterised by having large internal, undivided spaces and permeable building envelopes. They are often used little, intermittently, but predictably and, in spite of the fact that they are unique in still being largely used for the purpose for which they were built many centuries ago, they are now often used for additional purposes, for which they were never designed. These uses include concerts, graduation ceremonies, filming and a host of other uses all of which require a level of thermal comfort not envisaged by the original builders. Research was undertaken by the authors into the …

Challenges And Opportunities To Deep Retrofitting Of Traditional Fabric Buildings To Achieve Nearly Zero Energy Building (Nzeb), Maria Lopez Zambrano, Paul Kenny, Jamie Goggins

Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020

Many of our traditional buildings are disappearing or in danger of being under utilised because they are not comfortable for modern day living and do not meet our present day needs. If a building does not have a use, inevitably it deteriorates and eventually becomes a ruin or gets demolished. It is important to retrofit these buildings, which are part of our identity and can be powerful tourist attractions even though most of them are not listed. Some owners want to apply for retrofitting schemes and grants, but they are rejected because there are no standard solutions to achieve low …

Can Deap Help Us To Predict The Energy Demand And Indoor Temperature Of Homes Before And After Renovation? A Case Study From Dublin, Paul Moran, Jamie Goggins

Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings via retrofitting is seen as one of the key mitigation measures to reducing the energy demand and carbon emissions of the built environment in Ireland. However, while energy efficiency retrofits for buildings are effective in theory, the energy savings estimated by statistical or engineering models can often be inaccurate. The Domestic Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP) is the standard assessment procedure used for assessing the energy performance standard of residential buildings in Ireland. This paper examines the gas energy demand for space and water heating and the internal temperature profiles in contrast to DEAP estimates …

Operational And Embodied Energy Analysis Of 8 Single-Occupant Dwellings Retrofit To Nzeb Standard, Richard O'Hegarty, Shane Colclough, Oliver Kinnane, Donal Lennon, Etienne Rieux

Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2020

In line with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, Irish dwellings are being retrofit to near Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standards - with a number of the deep energy retrofits classified as A-rated. As a result of the low operational energy, the embodied energy share of an nZEB's life cycle energy is significantly increased. Therefore, to obtain a holistic picture of the change in energy profile of buildings, the embodied energy of the material added to achieve that low performance should also be taken into account. This paper presents results from a case study of 8 single-occupant terrace bungalows retrofit …