Hydraulic Engineering Commons^™

Stormwater Capture In The Built Watershed: Fostering Public Awareness Of Water Conservation Through A Parcel-Level Approach To Stormwater Management, Benjamin Rigby

Pitzer Senior Theses

As California contends with climate change and more extreme cycles of drought and deluge, water management agencies and conservation groups are looking towards solutions to the decreasing reliability of imported water supplies. Stormwater has historically been perceived as a threat to development but when captured properly, it presents a resource that can augment local water supplies. Solutions to water supply issues in California have traditionally employed technical and centrally controlled methods for importing water, but there is a growing understanding that parcel-level capture through vegetated swales presents an opportunity for reducing the impact that development has on California’s hydrology. Vegetated …

Modeling Water Availability, Risk And Resilience In A Semi-Arid Basin In Southern Africa, Esther N. Mosase

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate variability need to be incorporated into the management and planning of water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, where water availability is more sensitive to rainfall and air temperature. This study used modified Man-Kendall trend analysis test and ArcGIS to process data. Annual means of rainfall, minimum temperature and maximum temperature in the Limpopo River Basin (LRB) varied between 160 and 1109 mm, 8 °C to 20 °C and 23 °C to 32 °C respectively. The spatial pattern is generally increasing from west to east for rainfall and minimum temperature while maximum temperature increases from south to north …

Flood Damage Assessment: A Case Study In Bakan And Phnom Kravanh Districts, Pursat Province, Cambodia, Chhunleang Rorm

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Flood is still a major climate hazard in Pursat province, a potential province for agricultural development in Cambodia. The consequences of this water-related disaster are social problems such as poverty, food insecurity and health problems, which indirectly prolong the growth of the country's economy. To propose a proper flood mitigation measure, flood damage assessment is considered as a fundamental step to implement so that the value of elements at risk is initially evaluated. The objectives of this research are to assess flood damage in agriculture and affected people in Bakan and Phnom Kravanh districts, Pursat province from 2000 to 2014, …

2018 Nebraska Groundwater Quality Monitoring Report

Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality: Reports

The 2001 Nebraska Legislature passed LB329 (Neb. Rev. Stat. §46-1304) which, in part, directed the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) to report on groundwater quality monitoring in Nebraska. Reports have been issued annually since December 2001. The text of the statute applicable to this report follows: “The Department of Environmental Quality shall prepare a report outlining the extent of ground water quality monitoring conducted by natural resources districts during the preceding calendar year. The department shall analyze the data collected for the purpose of determining whether or not ground water quality is degrading or improving and shall present the …

Assessing The Feasibility Of Soil Infiltration Trenches For Highway Runoff Control On The Island Of Oahu, Hawaii, Martina Sobotkova, Jaromir Dusek, Ghasem Alavi, Laxman Sharma, Chittaranjan Ray

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

The coastal waters of Hawaii are extremely important for recreation as well as for the health of the marine environment. Non-point source pollution from storm runoff poses a great threat to surface water quality in Hawaii. The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) includes infiltration trenches as a best management practice (BMP) option to reduce pollution caused by stormwater runoff. HDOT guidelines state that the implementation of BMPs is needed to reduce sediment and pollutant loads to streams and the ocean. In this study, the suitability of soils adjacent to highways on Oahu for the siting of infiltration trenches …

Hydraulic Properties Of Baled Switchgrass And Miscanthus, Drew F. Schiavone, Michael D. Montross

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

This study characterized the hydraulic properties within baled switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L., variety Alamo) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), thereby enabling a better understanding of moisture changes in baled biomass during on-farm storage and/or high-solids bioconversion. Fully saturated bales were drained by gravity, and the moisture content was determined over 60 h. The average initial moisture content ranged between 55.9% and 71.9% (w.b.) for switchgrass and between 60.5% and 73.9% (w.b.) for miscanthus bales depending on the dry bale density. As the bale drained by gravity, rapid leaching of water was observed within the first 0.1 h, …

Assessment Of Watershed Nutrient Loads And Effectiveness Of Best Management Practices, Saeid Nazari

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Several methods have been developed for use in estimating the water quality loads associated with urban and agricultural landuses and practices. These include the use of sophisticated computer models, typically based on using pollutant loading and runoff functions, regression equations, load export coefficients (LECs), and event mean concentrations (EMCs). This research has examined the feasibility of using a simple EMC approach with the Kentucky Nutrient Model (KYNM). The thesis includes an extensive literature review of EMCs and a synthesis of recommended values for a range of typical urban and agricultural landuses. The thesis also includes an extensive literature review of …

Performance Of The Grout Curtain At The Kentucky River Lock And Dam No. 8, Robert C. Hatton

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Karst bedrock conditions and deterioration of the lock and dam structures have resulted in significant leakage through, underneath, and around Lock and Dam No. 8 on the Kentucky River. During severe droughts, the water surface in Pool No. 8 has been observed to drop below the crest of the dam, resulting in water supply shortages and water quality issues for surrounding communities reliant on the pool. Presently, the primary purpose of Lock and Dam No. 8 is water supply. Pool No. 8 is currently where the cities of Nicholasville (Jessamine County, KY) and Lancaster (Garrard County, KY) draw their water. …

Numerical Modeling And Isotope Tracers To Investigate Karst Biogeochemistry And Transport Processes, Admin Husic

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

This dissertation investigated the physical and biogeochemical processes affecting the source, fate, and transport of sediment, carbon, and nitrogen within a highly-coupled fluviokarst system. Elemental and isotopic datasets were collected at surface and subsurface locations for both dissolved and particulate contaminant phases, new methodology regarding data collection was presented to the karst research community, an in-cave sediment transport model coupling physical transport with elemental and isotopic mass balances of carbon and nitrogen was formulated, pathway and process control on nitrate leaching from agricultural karst watersheds was assessed, and nitrate mobilization and fractionation were modeled using high frequency storm sampling and …

Water Quality Factor Prediction Using Supervised Machine Learning, Kathleen Joslyn

REU Final Reports

The objective of this research is to explore prediction accuracy of water quality factors, with techniques and algorithms in machine learning consisting of a variation of support vector machines - Support Vector Regression (SVR) and the gradient boosting algorithm Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Both the XGBoost and SVR algorithms were used to predict nine different factors with success rates ranging from 79% to 99%. Parameters of these algorithms were also explored to test the prediction accuracy levels of individual water quality factors. These parameters included normalizing the data, filling missing data points, and training and testing on a large set …

Surface Water And Groundwater Interaction Mechanism: Plaichumphol Irrigation Project As A Study Area, Pwint Phyu Aye

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Plaichumphol Irrigation Project is an irrigation area which depends on both irrigation water and groundwater for long time. Farmers in that area have their cultivation almost whole year. Therefore groundwater supply is a major alternative source especially in dry periods. The aims of this study are to understand the interactions and parameters of land and river recharge, to analyse the surface water and the surface water and groundwater interaction mechanism via development of local groundwater model.
For this purpose, groundwater flow model (GMS) was used to develop regional and local groundwater models. The model was calibrated from 1993-1997 and …

Hydro-Climatological Summer Trends In The Continental United States, Naya Mairena Flores

REU Final Reports

We investigated trends in air temperature, stream temperature and discharge for rivers across the continental United States from the summer months of 1996 to 2016. Using GAGES II from USGS and PRISM and programming language R we analyzed specific hydrological trends in Mann-Kendall’s tests. After collecting the slope values whether they were negative or positive and the P-Values, the significance of that slope, we mapped slopes of trends in GIS. Stream temperature increased 12% of stations across the summer, while air temperature increased 22% of stations, and discharge decreased 15% of stations, respectively. Seven day moving average of daily maximum …

Applying Control Logic To The End Of The Ohio Canal Interceptor Tunnel Based On Downstream Capacity To Reduce Overflow Of Akron’S Wastewater Collection System, William Troyer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

During the Akron Waterways Renewed Program, the city of Akron is studying ways to improve efficiency in the existing sewer system while also reducing the number and scale of combined sewer overflow (CSO) events. Real time control logic can be developed to reduce CSO events by improving flow and storage capacity. Looking at one point in the system, when the target capacity of the downstream pipe was increased from 20% to 80%, the peak volume of overflow from the Ohio Canal Interceptor Tunnel decreased from 9,067 gallons to 5,965 gallons the total system overflow increased from 10.3 million gallons to …

Integration Of Hydrogeophysical Datasets And Empirical Orthogonal Functions For Improved Irrigation Water Management, Catherine E. Finkenbiner, Trenton E. Franz, Justin P. Gibson, Derek M. Heeren, J. D. Luck

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Precision agriculture offers the technologies to manage for infield variability and incorporate variability into irrigation management decisions. The major limitation of this technology often lies in the reconciliation of disparate data sources and the generation of irrigation prescription maps. Here the authors explore the utility of the cosmic-ray neutron probe (CRNP) which measures volumetric soil water content (SWC) in the top ~ 30 cm of the soil profile. The key advantages of CRNP is that the sensor is passive, non-invasive, mobile and soil temperature-invariant, making data collection more compatible with existing farm operations and extending the mapping period. The objectives …

Flood Damage Assessment: A Case Study In Bakan And Phnom Kravanh Districts, Pursat Province, Cambodia, Chhunleang Rorm

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Flood is still a major climate hazard in Pursat province, a potential province for agricultural development in Cambodia. The consequences of this water-related disaster are social problems such as poverty, food insecurity and health problems, which indirectly prolong the growth of the country's economy. To propose a proper flood mitigation measure, flood damage assessment is considered as a fundamental step to implement so that the value of elements at risk is initially evaluated. The objectives of this research are to assess flood damage in agriculture and affected people in Bakan and Phnom Kravanh districts, Pursat province from 2000 to 2014, …

Drought Assessment For The Greater Baribo Basin In Cambodia, Kimhuy Sok

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cambodia is a developing country. The development and economic of the country rely mainly on agricultural production. Cambodia is a major exporter in the world rice market. The Tonle Sap basin covers about 44% of country. Rice production in the Tonle Sap basin is a main driver for national economic and social development. Due to natural variability and climate change, many forms of the natural disaster such as heavy storm, flood, and drought have occurred in the Tonle Sap basin. Over the recent decades, increased attention has been drawn to drought due to the tendency of rainfall decline. The Royal …

Micro-Scale Flood Hazard Assessment In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Naichy Sea

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Water-related disasters in urban area, especially urban floods have become more frequent and severe. This leads to loss of life, infrastructure damage, business interruption as well as difficulties in conducting daily activities. Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia, has frequently experienced significant rainfall-flood events during rainy season. Without proper prevention and mitigation and management of urban drainage system, Phnom Penh is expected to confront with the current and future challenge of water-related disaster. To address this urban flood issue, flood modeling could be used to assess flood severity and make a visual representation of the urban flood hazard as …

การจำลองการรั่วไหลของน้ำมันบริเวณชายฝั่งทะเลระยอง, พงษ์สิทธิ์ ผลสมบูรณ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การรั่วไหลของน้ำมันในทะเลส่งผลกระทบต่อเศรษฐกิจและสิ่งแวดล้อม การคาดการณ์การเคลื่อนตัวของน้ำมันที่รั่วไหลในทะเล จำเป็นต้องทราบการไหลเวียนของกระแสน้ำจึงจะทำให้การคาดการณ์ตำแหน่งที่น้ำมันจะเคลื่อนที่ไปได้อย่างถูกต้อง อย่างไรก็ตามการได้มาของข้อมูลกระแสน้ำและลม ใช้วิธีการเก็บแบบตำแหน่งซึ่งไม่ครอบคลุมทั้งพื้นที่ จึงประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองทางคณิตศาสตร์ในการจำลองการไหลเวียนของกระแสน้ำที่ปรับเทียบกับข้อมูลตรวจวัดในการจำลองการไหลเวียนของกระแสน้ำในพื้นที่ศึกษา การศึกษาในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการจำลองการรั่วไหลของน้ำมันบริเวณชายฝั่งทะเลระยอง โดยประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองคณิตศาสตร์ซึ่งประกอบด้วยแบบจำลองย่อย 3 ชนิด คือ แบบจำลอง SWAN ใช้ในการจำลองคลื่นที่เกิดจากลม, แบบจำลอง Delft3D ใช้ในการจำลองกระแสน้ำเนื่องจากน้ำขึ้นน้ำลงและคลื่นลม และแบบจำลอง GNOME ใช้ในการจำลองการรั่วไหลของน้ำมันบริเวณชายฝั่งทะเลระยอง โดยในการจำลองการรั่วไหลของน้ำมัน จะแบ่งการศึกษาออกเป็น 2 ส่วน คือ ส่วนแรกจำลองคลื่นและกระแสน้ำในอ่าวไทย เพื่อนำกระแสน้ำสุทธิมาใช้ในการคาดการณ์การเคลื่อนที่ของน้ำมันที่รั่วไหลในส่วนที่สองต่อไป แบบจำลอง SWAN ถูกสอบเทียบด้วยข้อมูลความสูงคลื่นนัยสำคัญจากทุ่นสมุทรศาสตร์ของสำนักงานพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอวกาศและภูมิสารสนเทศ ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ.2540 - พ.ศ.2545 จำนวน 6 สถานี ส่วนแบบจำลอง Delft3D ใช้ข้อมูลระดับน้ำทำนายของกรมอุทกศาสตร์ กองทัพเรือ ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ.2549 – พ.ศ.2559 จำนวน 10 สถานี, ข้อมูลระดับน้ำตรวจวัดสถานีสันดอนเจ้าพระของการท่าเรือแห่งประเทศไทย ในปี พ.ศ. 2556 และข้อมูลกระแสน้ำตรวจวัดรายชั่วโมงบริเวณปากแม่น้ำเจ้าพระยาตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ.2554 - พ.ศ.2556 จากองค์การความร่วมมือระหว่างประเทศของญี่ปุ่น ในการสอบเทียบกระแสน้ำจากน้ำขึ้นน้ำลงและกระแสน้ำสุทธิตามลำดับ ผลการศึกษากระแสน้ำพบว่า อิทธิพลหลักที่มีผลต่อการไหลเวียนของกระแสน้ำในอ่าวไทยคือน้ำขึ้นน้ำลง แต่ก็มีบางพื้นที่ที่คลื่นลมมีอิทธิพลด้วยซึ่งจะมีผลในบริเวณที่เป็นน้ำตื้น เช่น สถานีเกาะสีชัง เป็นต้น การสอบเทียบแบบจำลอง GNOME ใช้ข้อมูลภาพถ่ายดาวเทียมของสำนักงานพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอวกาศและภูมิสารสนเทศในช่วงที่เกิดเหตุการณ์น้ำมันรั่วบริเวณเกาะเสม็ด จังหวัดระยอง เมื่อวันที่ 27 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ.2556 ผลจากการศึกษาด้วยแบบจำลอง GNOME พบว่าทิศทางการเคลื่อนที่ของน้ำมันสอดคล้องกับทิศทางของลม โดยในช่วงฤดูลมมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ น้ำมันจะเคลื่อนตัวออกจากชายฝั่งทะเลระยองไปในทิศตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ ส่วนในช่วงเปลี่ยนฤดูลมมรสุมและช่วงฤดูลมมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ น้ำมันจะเคลื่อนตัวเข้าสู่ชายฝั่งทะเลระยอง เช่นบริเวณนิคมอุตสาหกรรมมาบตาพุด อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาแหลมหญ้า-หมู่เกาะเสม็ด เป็นต้น ทั้งนี้ตำแหน่งและเวลาที่น้ำมันเคลื่อนตัวกระทบชายฝั่งจะขึ้นอยู่กับความเร็วและทิศทางของลม โดยในเดือนพฤษภาคมจะมีความเสี่ยงที่การรั่วไหลของน้ำมันเคลื่อนตัวกระทบชายฝั่งระยองเร็วที่สุดในรอบปี จึงควรมีการเฝ้าระวังเป็นพิเศษ

Modeling The Impacts Of Sea Level Rise On Storm Surge Inundation In Flood-Prone Urban Areas Of Hampton Roads, Virginia, Luca Castrucci, Navid Tahvildari

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Hampton Roads is a populated area in the United States Mid-Atlantic region that is highly affected by sea level rise (SLR). The transportation infrastructure in the region is increasingly disrupted by storm surge and even minor flooding events. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of SLR impacts on storm surge flooding in the region. We develop a hydrodynamic model to study the vulnerability of several critical flood-prone neighborhoods to storm surge flooding under several SLR projections. The hydrodynamic model is validated for tide prediction, and its performance in storm surge simulation is validated with the water …

Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Nitrate-N Transport In Vadose Zone: Roles Of Soil Heterogeneity And Groundwater Flux, Simin Akbariyeh, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Daniel D. Snow, Xu Li, Zhenghong Tang, Yusong Li

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Contamination of groundwater from nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands is an important environmental and water quality management issue. It is well recognized that in agriculturally intensive areas, fertilizers and pesticides may leach through the vadose zone and eventually reach groundwater. While numerical models are commonly used to simulate fate and transport of agricultural contaminants, few models have considered a controlled field work to investigate the influence of soil heterogeneity and groundwater flow on nitrate-N distribution in both root zone and deep vadose zone.

In this work, a numerical model was developed to simulate nitrate-N transport and transformation beneath a center …