Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction As An Alternative Source Of Fuels And Chemicals, Kendra Kuhl, Etosha Cave, George Leonard, Daniel Diaz, Nicholas Flanders

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Cost-effective electrochemical CO₂ recycling (ECO2R), is the holy grail of green chemistry. ECO2R combines just three inputs: CO₂, water, and electricity, and converts them into useful products. At commercial scale, this technology could eliminate our dependence on fossil resources by providing an alternative source of carbon-based compounds for fuels and commodity chemicals. However, commercial fuel and chemical production via ECO2R is challenging, because the current state of the technology is not cost-effective enough to compete with conventionally manufactured fuels and chemicals already on the market.

The key cost-drivers of ECO2R are the energy efficiency, product selectivity, and …

Iron-Based Chemical Looping Processes, Cheng Chung, Liang-Shih Fan

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Chemical looping technology has attracted significant attention due to its potential in cost-effective CO₂ capture capabilities. It utilizes metal oxide as oxygen carriers to indirectly convert carbonaceous fuel such as coal, natural gas and biomass into electricity, H₂, liquid fuel without the use of an air separation unit (ASU). In the case of power production, chemical looping process allows for high exergy efficiency, as the high grade heat produced from the oxidation of the oxygen carrier can be extracted for steam production, while the lower grade heat is recuperated in the oxygen carrier to perform its endothermic …

The Production Of Water From Saline Aquifers Through Carbon Dioxide Capture And Storage Operations, Kelsey Hunter, Jeffrey Bielicki

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

The gap between an energy sector that relies on fossil fuels and one that relies on renewable resources may be bridged by systems that conserve resources, use closed-looped processes, and reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) technology may reduce CO₂ emissions by injecting CO₂ captured from power plants into deep saline aquifers for sequestration, but these systems have additional water and energy requirements that may impede deployment due to regional water stress and increased energy costs. CO₂ capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) operations that use Active CO₂ Reservoir Management …

Combined Magnesium Oxide/Water Gas Shift-Based Co2 Capture Process, Santosh Ganwal

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Southern Research is developing a combined magnesium oxide (MgO) CO₂ sorbent/water gas shift (WGS)-catalyst-based CO₂ capture process for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. A heat-exchanger reactor with a highly efficient heat management capability is being developed for simultaneous CO₂ capture and WGS to convert CO to CO₂ and H₂ and capture more than 90 % or more of the carbon from coal gasifier syngas. Simultaneous heat management and reaction allows the maintenance of thermodynamically favorable reaction temperatures for both steps. Also, by simultaneously converting the CO to CO₂ over the shift catalyst, …

Techno-Economic Evaluation Of Retrofitting Ccs In An Integrated Pulp And Board Mill - Case Studies, Kristin Onarheim, Stanley Santos, Ville Hankalin, Petteri Kangas, Antti Arasto

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Urgently reducing global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) could be achieved by carbon sinks or negative emissions, i.e. removing CO₂ from the atmosphere and offsetting historical CO₂ emissions. Negative emissions can be achieved when CO₂ is captured from processes based on biomass feedstock (bio-CCS). Biomass withdraws atmospheric CO₂ through natural processes such as the photosynthesis. Capturing and permanently storing this CO₂ away from the natural carbon cycle enables a withdrawal of CO₂ from the atmosphere. Sustainable growth and harvest of biomass resources is critical to achieve carbon negativity and to allow for sound biomass regrowth. …

Development And Planning For Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Capture, Utilization, And Storage (Ccus) Infrastructure In Geothermal Reservoirs, Julie Langenfeld, Jeffrey Bielicki

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

CO₂ emissions from human activities are a substantial contributor to climate change.¹ To reduce CO₂ emissions on a large scale, CO₂-reduction technologies such as CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) will need to be competitive with current energy technologies.¹ CCS systems are costly due to the equipment, construction, and energy needed to capture CO₂, transport it via a pipeline network, and inject it into deep saline aquifers. In CO₂ capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems, the CO₂ is used to produce an economically viable product which could reduce the cost …

Development Of Chemical Looping Combustion Technology For Bio-Ccs Application, Sebastian Teir, Toni Pikkarainen, Eemeli Tsupari, Ikka Hiltunen, Janne Karki, Antti Arasto

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is acknowledged as an important technology in cost-efficiently achieving the required greenhouse gas emission reductions this century. Combining biomass combustion with CCS (Bio-CCS; BECCS) offers the possibility of “negative” CO₂ emissions. In the latest IPCC assessment, bio-CCS was found to have an important role to play in climate change mitigation. Many scenario models were not able to achieve the necessary reduction in greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere to 450 ppm CO₂eq by 2100 if key technologies, such as bioenergy, CCS, and their combination were limitedly available (IPCC, 2014).

Chemical looping combustion …

The Good, The Bad And The Ugly, Robin Batterham

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

In late 2015 world leaders finalized the landmark Paris Agreement at COP21. Although the agreement represents a historical step toward collaboration on climate, the total amount of emissions reduction commitments is considered insufficient to meet the 2°C, and especially the more ambitious 1.5°C, warming goal. However, history is filled with technological innovations that were once unimaginable. As new technologies come to market, almost regardless of the field of use, costs have continued to fall in real terms. Whether or not we can expect the same from CO2 mitigation technologies will impact whether the world can actually meet its climate commitments …

Minimizing The Energy And Economic Penalty Of Ccs Power Plants Through Waste Heat Recovery Systems, Vaclav Novotny, Monika Vitvarova, Michal Kolovratnik, Zdenek Hrdina

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Implementation of currently considered and available CCS technologies into fossil power plants brings inevitable technical, energy and economic penalty. This is getting even larger when fossil fuels such as low rank coal are being utilized. All three generally considered CCS technologies were modelled – oxyfuel combustion and ammonia based post-combustion (subcritical power plant with fuel drying) and pre-combustion (IGCC with Rectisol method for CO2 separation).

After traditional methods of system optimization there was considered another way for increasing system efficiency. CCS technologies produce waste heat streams, which can be converted to electricity by small modular units with unit cost comparable …

Emissions And Deforestation Associated With Household Energy Use: A Case Of The Thulamela Local Municipality, South Africa, Se Uhunamure, Ns Nethengwe, A Musyoki

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Fuel wood is regarded as a major source of energy around the world, particularly in developing nations forming part of the energy mix. Most rural communities around the world, consider forests as the repository of stored energy. The study focused on the role of fuel wood in deforestation and the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the Thulamela local municipality in South Africa. Information regarding the fuel wood consumption was collected during a manual field survey of 200 households in four villages in the municipality using questionnaires and interviews. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were calculated using the …

Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) As A Platform For Robust Co2 Electroreduction, Irina Cheryshova, Chang Yun, Ponisseril Somasundaran, Sathish Ponnurangam

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

The development of efficient and robust catalysts is critical for the viability of the electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into useful chemicals. Herein, we discover a new class of metal-polymer electrocatalysts with incorporated mechanisms of their stabilization which is based on a poly(4-vinyl pyridine). We attribute the outstanding catalytic properties of the new hybrid material to new intrinsic mechanisms of the metal stabilization offered by the N-heteroaromatic polymer. More generally, our study offers a new simple strategy to design and prepare robust CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts

Catalyzing The Carbon Utilization Industry Through The Nrg Cosia Carbon Xprize, Paul Bunje

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

No abstract provided.

Optimal Geothermal Heat Extraction Using Co2, Iti Patel, Jeffrey Bielicki

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and storage (CCS) systems alleviate global climate change through the subsurface storage of CO₂ emission. This CCS technology can be costly, but CO₂ Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) approaches can decrease the cost of CCS, because sequestered CO₂ is used to produce an economically viable commodity. In one CCUS application, CO₂ that is sequestered in sedimentary basins during the CCS process can be used to extract geothermal heat that can then be used to generate a profit^1,2. These CO₂-geothermal systems rely on the temperature of …

Ccs Cost Trends And Outlook, Edward Rubin

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Based on a review and analysis of recent cost studies, this paper assesses the current costs of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) for new fossil fuel power plants and compares them to costs reported a decade ago in the IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (SRCCS). The major CCS options include post-combustion CO2 capture at supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants, pre-combustion capture at coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants, and SCPC plants employing oxy-combustion for CO2 capture. Transport and storage options include pipeline and geological storage, including utilization …

Novel Advanced Solvent-Based Carbon Capture Pilot Demonstration, Nathan Brown, Greg Staab, Tyler Silverman, Grayson Heller, Alfred Brown

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

ION Engineering’s advanced solvent is one of the leading second generation solvent systems currently under development for post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture. Throughout small scale pilot testing with coal and natural gas fired flue gas, bench scale pilot and laboratory testing, ION’s advanced solvent has consistently demonstrated 30+% reductions in regeneration energy requirements in comparison to traditional aqueous monoethanolamine (Aq-MEA). These results, in addition to CO₂ solvent carrying capacities 35% higher than Aq-MEA and significantly less solvent degradation, demonstrate that ION’s CO₂ capture technology has the potential to significantly reduce both capital and operating costs.

ION …

Cryogenic Carbon Capture, Larry Baxter, Andrew Baxter, Chris Bence, David Frankman, Chris Hoeger, Aaron Sayre, Kyler Stitt, Skyler Chamberlain

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) removes CO2 from flue gas in a bolt on retrofittable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient process. The process also provides grid-level energy storage capable of storing and releasing energy at hundreds of megawatt rates at high efficiency and minimal cost beyond the costs of the carbon capture technology. The energy storage can level daily load fluctuations and responds to intermittent power sources on time scales comparable to solar and wind farms. The technology cools flue gases to their condensation (desublimation) point forming solid CO2, separates the solids from the residual gases, pressurizes the solids, and reheats both streams …

Conference Program, Engineering Conferences International

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

No abstract provided.

De La Salle Sensor, Shayla Adams, Geraldine Hernandez, Gloria Joseph, Elias Taylor, Elli Cooney

PSU High School Innovation Challenge

There is a huge amount of water being wasted and with climate change causing widespread water shortages, it is important that the people of Portland become more water conscious. With the our product, it will help you become aware of your water bill and the amount of water you use with a built in calculator.

Larc: Local Agricultural Resource Conservation, Dash Justice, Josh Davis, Sid Crumble, Ashlie Kinney

PSU High School Innovation Challenge

In America today, over 75% of the nation’s water is used in the irrigation of agriculture. The main users -- and abusers -- of water in the United States are farmers. In addition, many areas in the U.S. are facing drought conditions, especially in western states. Also, while the drought conditions in California are receding, water shortage as an issue demands a long term solution.

Small Scale Water Filtration Project, Elaine Yang, Lang Ming, Alex Tees, Lauren Galle, Tristan Coffey, Andria Tattersfield, Colin Brock

PSU High School Innovation Challenge

Access to clean drinking water is a large problem that our world is facing today. Consuming contaminated water can lead to the spread of water-borne illnesses. Populations without the security of water struggle to develop, as seen predominately in Africa. As Oregonians prepare for life after a major earthquake which could devastate the infrastructure that delivers clean water to our homes, a water filtration system should be part of a family’s emergency preparedness plan.

There are a large variety of processes for achieving fresh water. Combining all of the necessary components to lead to clean water is a complex process, …