Philosophy Commons^™

Conflicts And Triage, Kate E. Lynch, Daniel T. Blumstein

Animal Sentience

To represent diverse interests successfully, a strategy for dealing with conflicts is needed. We discuss an approach to maximizing the interests of the greatest number of individuals, present and future.

The Incoherence Of Moral Relativism, Carlo Alvaro

Publications and Research

This paper is a response to Park Seungbae’s article, “Defence of Cultural Relativism”. Some of the typical criticisms of moral relativism are the following: moral relativism is erroneously committed to the principle of tolerance, which is a universal principle; there are a number of objective moral rules; a moral relativist must admit that Hitler was right, which is absurd; a moral relativist must deny, in the face of evidence, that moral progress is possible; and, since every individual belongs to multiple cultures at once, the concept of moral relativism is vague. Park argues that such contentions do not affect moral …

Melacak Akar Kreativitas Di Kota Bandung Masa Kolonial, Achmad Sunjayadi

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

In 2007 Bandung was designated as a pilot project for the creative cities of Asia Pacific, and in 2015 Bandung was included in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. It is related to the development of the city of Bandung and the creativity of the population. Its creativity is formed through a process. This article traces the roots of this creativity since the beginning of its formation in the early 19th century to become the city of Bandung in the early 20th century. The method used is the historical method supported by creative cities’ and voluntary organization’s concepts. Primary sources were …

Kasus Ujaran Kebencian Dalam Berita Surat Kabar Di Hindia Belanda, Fajar Muhammad Nugraha, Reynaldo De Archellie, Cresentia Carra Nethania Clement

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article is a preliminary study that explores past events of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, specifically describing criminal cases of hate speech or haatzaai depicted in newspaper news between 1879 and 1942. The Dutch East Indies colonial government controlled freedom of thought, expression, and politics of the native population by using the legal instruments Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Nederlandsch Indie, especially articles 154, 155, 156, and 157. These four articles are known as haatzaai artikelen. This regulation was published and enforced in the Dutch East Indies in 1918. This article uses twenty-eight newspaper news articles published in ten …

Eksistensi Dan Pewarisan Budaya Tuku Dalam Masyarakat Pulau Ndao (Orang Ndao) Kabupaten Rote Ndao Ntt, Daud Saleh Luji

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

On Ndao Island, Ndao Nuse Subdistrict, Rote Ndao Regency, the people have two prominent skills and have become the livelihoods of the people on the island, namely weaving skills (manènnu) and craftsmen or silversmiths (tuku). The two skills of the above Ndao island community are passed on by parents with informal and non-formal education patterns, but the two cultures experience different developments. Manènnu culture is still developing today among women while tuku culture is almost extinct. To find out the existence and cause of near extinction of Tuku’s skills, this research was carried out with the formulation of the problem …

Decolonizing Gender Identities In Indonesia: A Study Of Bissu ‘The Trans-Religious Leader’ In Bugis People, Petsy Jessy Ismoyo

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is one of the pillars of Indonesia that has placed our nation and nationess to a diversity of identity, from genders, tribes, religions, to cultures. Indonesia has a long history of gender diversity that recognized various gender identities as part of the culture. Henceforth, In Indonesia, gender is not perceived in a binary way between male or female, masculine and feminine, without giving the ‘third space’ to other genders and sexuality. For example, Bugis people recognize five genders: oroané, makkunrai, calabai, calalai, and bissu, which will be examined further in this paper. In reality, a lively debate …

A Qualitative Study Of Peer Reporting Of Attorney Ethical Misconduct, Jason Alan Helm

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Attorney misconduct affects the victims, the justice system, and the reputation of the entire legal profession. The legal profession suffers from a negative public perception because of a perceived lapse of ethical conduct. This study was designed as a general qualitative study and its purpose was to understand the processes attorneys experience regarding peer reporting of attorney ethical misconduct. The questions examined in this study was whether attorneys were willing to report their peer's ethical misconduct and why those attorneys decided to report or not report their peer's ethical misconduct. Twenty open-ended questionnaires were collected from a sampling of active, …

Caseworkers' Perspectives On Female Juvenile Delinquent Rehabilitation Based On Age Groups, Cynthia Stephens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The incidence of female juvenile delinquency is increasing and, along with it, the need for effective age-appropriate rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to address the lack of research regarding age-appropriate rehabilitation programs for female juvenile delinquents. This basic qualitative approach was used to uncover the perspectives of experienced caseworkers on the best practices and success of age-differentiated rehabilitation programming for female juvenile delinquents. Data were collected to answer the following guiding research question: What are the perspectives of caseworkers on rehabilitation programming for female juvenile delinquents, taking into account the age differences among the incarcerated youth population? Bronfenbrenner’s …

Diminishing Powers Of Traditional Leaders: The Case For Dinka Bor Social Revival, Daniel Leek Geu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The impact of diminishing powers of Dinka Bor traditional leaders is affecting how the community is recovering from the protracted civil war in South Sudan. Many people are traumatized and most of the population are young of whom many are orphaned children of war growing up in poverty and violence. The problem is that Dinka Bor traditional leaders have lost governing powers over their people in the villages across Jonglei State. Thus, as civilians return to rebuild their lives no stable system of governance is present in the remote villages to guide and protect the people. The research question addressed …

Clinician Experiences With Religious, Spiritual, And Nonreligious Beliefs In Psychotherapeutic Interactions, Carolyn Rochelle Cowl-Witherspoon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Psychologists are ethically bound to respect the belief systems of their clients while practicing within appropriate boundaries of competence regardless of whether they hold different beliefs than their clients. Further, though there may be a disparity between clinicians’ and clients’ beliefs, most clients expect meaningful integrations of religious and spiritual beliefs, values, and traditions into psychotherapeutic interactions. To meet the needs and expectations of a religiously or spiritually oriented client base, psychologists must maintain appropriate levels of competency within this complex domain. But clinicians are hindered by inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent levels of education and training specific to the ethically …

Wacana Nasionalisme Kritis Dalam Musik Banyuwangian Pada Masa Orde Baru, Albert Tallapessy, Ikwan Setiawan, Agus Sariono, Eko Suwargono

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article deals with the representation of critical nationalism discourse in Banyuwangian music in the New Order era. By juxtaposing representation and hegemony theory which emphasizes textual-contextual reading, we will analyze the constructions of local metaphors we assume supporting the establishment of nationalism. Such constructions intertwined with the mobilization of the uniqueness of local cultures that contributed to establishing the national culture through which nationalism got its “nutrition”. However, some songwriters constructed critical nationalism by representing unique metaphors related to the characteristics of subaltern subjects that in the midst of their problems songwriters still have, in their silence, critical view …

Masyarakat Jejaring, Media Sosial, Dan Transformasi Ruang Publik: Refleksi Mengenai Fenomena Arab Spring Dan “Teman Ahok”, Satya Anggara, Herdito Sandi Pratama

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The information technology revolution has produced a network society that Manuel Castells characterizes as space of flows and timeless time. Network logic is inclusive to various dimensions of human life and is exclusive to those who are not involved in the network. In a network society the public sphere is expanding, dynamic and increasingly interactive due to the Internet mediation. The transformation of public space also spreads political power amongst the public. An example is the birth of various volunteer groups that have extensive networks in a short time without face-to-face processes. There have also been various attempts to embrace …

Kesesatan Berpikir Dalam Konteks Hukum Dan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Politik Elektoral Dan Budaya Media Sosial Di Indonesia, Tanius Sebastian

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article investigates the phenomena of electoral politics and culture of social media in the context of Indonesian law and society through a case study of Jakarta Gubernatorial Election in 2017. The main argument of this article is that the connection between electoral politics and culture of social media shows a fallacious logical thinking in the form of bias and ad populum reasoning. Those two forms of fallacy refer to sectarian politics and ideological polarization. In analyzing the fallacious thinking in some events of the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election, this article also shows how emotion, anxiety, and hate operate within …

Kosakata Musik Sebagai Ranah Sumber Ungkapan Metaforis, Adityarini Kusumaningtyas, Setiawati Darmojuwono

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

In Indonesian, music vocabulary is not only used to describe music but also used to express various non-musical concepts. That means music vocabulary has the potential to occupy the source domain in metaphorical mapping. The study aims at describing the vocabulary of music as the source domain of metaphorical expressions in Indonesian and explaining the relation of metaphorical meanings to the music field. The study was qualitative research. The data of the study was collected from the corpus of Indonesian in the Sketch Engine. The data was Indonesian sentences having the vocabulary of nada, melodi, harmoni, and dinamika in which …

Pertarungan Jurnalisme Dan Sastra Dalam Menguak Kebenaran, Dessy Wahyuni

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The existence of facts in journalism can be manipulated, while the truth settles in literature. Although both types of writing, namely news texts, which contain facts, and literary texts, which contain fiction, depart from the same reality, the estuary of the truth in it can be different because it is seen from different perspectives and interests. For these various interests, silencing in journalism often occurs. Facts are circumcised, overhauled, and arranged in such a way as to produce new facts. Meanwhile, in literature, facts are packaged using imagination to disguise the truth as if it did not happen. For this …

Representasi Perempuan Jawa Dalam Serat Wulang Putri: Analisis Wacana Kritis, Atin Fitriana

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The Javanese culture has a specific perspective on the ideal figure of women. This perspective is generally manifested in the classical texts, for example, in Serat Wulang Putri Adisara. Written by Nyi Adisara. Serat Wulang Putri contains the teachings for royal daughters in living their life as Javanese women based on Javanese teachings. In this manuscript, the readers can see the women figure portrayed from the perspective of a woman writer. This paper discusses the ideal women’s discourse in Serat Wulang Putri using the approach of critical discourse analysis from van Dijk. The analysis is conducted by considering the text’s …

Defining Art Aesthetically : A Revision Of Iseminger's New Aestheticism, Yeung Yu

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

My thesis attempts to provide an aesthetic definition of art.

The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is a summary of the different attempts in defining art in contemporary analytic philosophy, beginning with a discussion of Morris Weitz’s famous paper “The Role of Theory in Aesthetics”, in which he appealed to Wittgenstein’s “family resemblance” idea while rejecting traditional essential definitions. His attempt has led to the appearance of contemporary essential definitions, whereby art is defined through different relational properties. This is followed by a critically review on Weitz’s claims and those definitions.

The second part focuses on …

How Save Aquinas's "Intellectus Essentiae Arguement" For The Real Distinction Between Essence And Esse?, David Twetten

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

Aquinas’ so-called “Intellectus essentiae Argument” for the distinction between being and essence is notoriously suspect, including among defenders of Aquinas’ distinction. For the paper in this volume, I take as my starting point the recent defense of the argument by Fr. Lawrence Dewan, O.P. Fr. Dewan’s project is unsuccessful. Pointing out some shortcomings in his readings allows me to take up his call to highlight the “formal” or “quidditative side” of Aquinas’ metaphysics, in this case in regards to the proofs of the “real distinction.” Accordingly, the second half of this paper sets forth a way in which the …

Ephesians And Ecumenism, Toby Eisenberg

Religious Studies Theses and Dissertations

Christian ecumenism has made great strides during the twentieth century but is now widely seen as needing a new path. Avery Dulles has proposed an “exchange of gifts” notion of dialogue in which the participant churches share their understanding of the Christian life and all of the reasons they have for holding their particular doctrines and practices, drawing on whatever normative sources they believe are appropriate. The approach enables the participants to bear testimony in love in the hopes that they may better understand and appreciate each other more fully, thereby opening a path to increased doctrinal consensus and thus …

Ethical Consistency And Experience: An Attempt To Influence Researcher Attitudes Toward Questionable Research Practices Through Reading Prompts, Samuel V. Bruton, Mitch Brown, Donald F. Sacco

Faculty Publications

Over the past couple of decades, the apparent widespread occurrence of Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) in scientific research has been widely discussed in the research ethics literature as a source of concern. Various ways of reducing their use have been proposed and implemented, ranging from improved training and incentives for adopting best practices to systematic reforms. This article reports on the results of two studies that investigated the efficacy of simple, psychological interventions aimed at changing researcher attitudes toward QRPs. While the interventions did not significantly modify researchers’ reactions to QRPs, they showed differential efficacy depending on scientists’ experience, suggesting …