The Identification Of Ancient Wine Through Organic Residue Analysis Of Ceramic Vessels,
2024
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
The Identification Of Ancient Wine Through Organic Residue Analysis Of Ceramic Vessels, Ayala Amir
'Atiqot
Wine was a primary commodity in antiquity and prevalent in the Southern Levant Mediterranean-basin regions and Mesopotamia. Therefore, its identification in archaeological artifacts by chemical analysis is of great importance. Many studies of wine residues were conducted on pottery from Mediterranean and Near Eastern sites, using a wide range of approaches to extract and detect organic compounds. This article will evaluate and compare these methods and raise consequent considerations for the interpretation of results to arrive at a historic picture.
Changes In Wine Consumption In Palestine, C. 600–1100 Ce: The Ceramic Evidence,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Changes In Wine Consumption In Palestine, C. 600–1100 Ce: The Ceramic Evidence, Itamar Taxel
'Atiqot
This study provides an updated picture of the seventh- to eleventh-century CE production and distribution of local and imported wine jars and amphorae across Palestine, which—together with selected data on pottery production sites and winepresses—reflect changes in habits of wine consumption by the country’s population. Beginning in the seventh century CE, a gradual decline occurred in the manufacturing of Gaza jars, simultaneously with an increasing use of southern coast bag-shaped jars. Wine import to Palestine also declined from the seventh century CE on. From the eighth century CE onward, Palestinian wine, whose production gradually diminished, was designated predominantly for local …
From Gat To Bet-Gitot: Wine Production In The Southern Levant,
2024
Kinneret Institute for Galilean Archaeology
From Gat To Bet-Gitot: Wine Production In The Southern Levant, Yehoshua Dray
'Atiqot
This article summarizes many years of field research and resultant insights into the technology of wine production and the function of various winemaking installations in antiquity in the Southern Levant. A concise overview is given of the evolution of the ancient winemaking installations in the region, the Gat and the Bet-Gitot, with examples representing the main stages of development. Established theories are reexamined and challenged in light of recent discoveries. An algorithm outlining the wine production process is presented, and a methodology is proposed for the field identification of wine production installations, defining their various components and reconstructing their mode …
Wine Production In The Byzantine Winepresses Of Southern Israel: Insights From A Statistical Analysis,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Wine Production In The Byzantine Winepresses Of Southern Israel: Insights From A Statistical Analysis, Matan Chocron, Oren Ackermann, Ilan Stavi, Boaz Zissu
'Atiqot
This paper focuses on various technological aspects of Byzantine winepresses. The Byzantine period presents a unique point in time when the increased demand for wine from the Southern Levant is attested by the introduction of new elements in the architecture and design of the winepress. Whereas past studies have stressed the importance of the introduction of the screw-press, it is shown here that this is but one of numerous features that helped increase the yield. Other elements, such as the addition of a second collecting vat and the integration of fermentation cells contributed significantly to local wine production in the …
Transport Wine Amphorae And The Economic System In Southern Phoenicia During The Achaemenid Regime,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Transport Wine Amphorae And The Economic System In Southern Phoenicia During The Achaemenid Regime, Yiftah Shalev
'Atiqot
This paper explores the economic system of the Achaemenid Empire in southern Phoenicia through the study of transport wine amphorae, as well as other ceramic vessels, to show that local trade was primarily conducted in an open, free economic system, with minimum intervention of the empire. Furthermore, structures previously unearthed along the coast and defined as fortresses used to monitor trade, are reconsidered in light of their plan, function and date. It was found that the Persian regime focused on taxation and periodic inspection, attesting that the imported Greek wine transported in amphorae flowed freely into the beakers and goblets …
Iron Age Ii And Persian-Period Wine Production In Southern Samaria: New Data From Archaeological Surveys,
2024
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Iron Age Ii And Persian-Period Wine Production In Southern Samaria: New Data From Archaeological Surveys, Aharon Tavger
'Atiqot
New evidence for Iron Age II and Persian-Period wine production in southern Samaria, including many winepresses and bell-shaped winery pits, has recently come to light, expanding our knowledge and revising some of our understandings concerning this phenomenon. While it was widely accepted that industrial wine production during these periods was confined to central Judah, in Jerusalem’s environs, it is now clear that wine was also produced throughout the southern Samaria region, particularly on the desert fringes. Some of these wine-production sites seemingly functioned already during Iron Age IIB, under Northern Kingdom control, while some of the sites also operated under …
Identifying The (Royal) Winepresses In The “Valley Of The King”,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Identifying The (Royal) Winepresses In The “Valley Of The King”, Benyamin Storchan, Nathan Ben-Ari, Neria Sapir, Oded Lipschits
'Atiqot
This paper presents four Iron Age winepresses discovered at ‘Emeq Lavan, Rogem Gannim and Mordot Arnona in Jerusalem. The winepresses located along ‘Emeq Refa’im share a uniform industrial plan featuring three treading surfaces, settling vats and a central collection chamber. The installations date to the late eighth–seventh centuries BCE, when the subjugation of Judah to Assyria created a need for a centralized royal economy. The newly identified winepresses attest to the high degree of standardization of wine production in the region. We suggest that the location and implementation of a standardized plan indicate that these installations were part of a …
Front Matter & Editorial,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Front Matter & Editorial, The Editorial Board
'Atiqot
Wine consumption is an ongoing social act practiced on domestic, religious and state level, and as such, it defines social status, cultural affiliation and identity. The current volume presents a varied range of studies that broadly consider wine, wine production and trade in the Southern Levant.
The Faunal Assemblage From Ḥorbat Sahar,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Faunal Assemblage From Ḥorbat Sahar, Zohar Turgeman-Yaffe
'Atiqot
The faunal assemblage from Ḥorbat Sahar was associated with the three periods of activity identified at the site. Two bones were attributed to the Iron Age and include a chicken femur—a rare find in this period, possibly attesting to the use of chicken in cockfighting rather than for consumption. The small late Byzantine–Early Islamic assemblage comprised domesticated livestock animals, dominated by adult cattle, supporting an economic system based mostly on livestock animals and not on hunting. The largest assemblage dates to the Crusader–Mamluk period, mainly including livestock and animals used for transportation and burden, possibly brought to the site by …
The Coins From Ḥorbat Sahar,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Ḥorbat Sahar, Helena Sokolov, Lior Sandberg
'Atiqot
The coin finds retrieved from the excavation areas at Ḥorbat Sahar range in date from the Roman to the Mamluk periods, partially aligning with the settlement periods identified at the site. A bronze coin of Elagabalus, struck in Abila, depicts on its reverse a sanctuary with a hexastyle facade flanked by two towers with a large altar in the center. This is an important addition to our limited knowledge of this coin-type’s circulation in sites west of the Jordan River.
Ḥorbat Sahar On Giv‘At Ha-More: A Byzantine–Early Islamic Rural Samaritan(?) Settlement, Revisited In The Crusader–Mamluk Period,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Ḥorbat Sahar On Giv‘At Ha-More: A Byzantine–Early Islamic Rural Samaritan(?) Settlement, Revisited In The Crusader–Mamluk Period, Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
This article presents building remains uncovered at the site of Ḥorbat Sahar, on the Giv‘at Ha-More ridge, which formed part of a house and a large building comprising several rooms, a pathway, a small part of a plastered installation (miqveh?), and other installations, all dated by the pottery and other finds to the late Byzantine–Early Islamic period. The presence of Samaritan-type lamps, and the absence of LRRW bowls in the pottery assemblage, may hint to a Samaritan presence at the site following their suppression in the Samaria heartland. The large building was resettled in the Crusader–Mamluk periods, without architectural changes. …
The Coins From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias, Danny Syon
'Atiqot
The coins found in the excavation at Naṣr ed-Din tell of two peaks of settlement at the site: in the second century BCE and in the second century CE. The coins suggest that the site became Jewish in the first century BCE, was reduced or abandoned in the first century CE and revived in the second century CE, still as a Jewish village. The numismatic evidence does not support the identification of the site with Bet Ma‘on, mentioned by Josephus and in the Talmud; however, one must consider that the site is large and the data presented here pertain only …
A Decorated Basalt Door From Naṣr Ed-Din (Bet Ma‘On), Near Tiberias,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Decorated Basalt Door From Naṣr Ed-Din (Bet Ma‘On), Near Tiberias, Yosef Stepansky
'Atiqot
Three fragments of a basalt door were retrieved from the excavation at Naṣr ed-Din, which belong to a large group of about 25 stone doors discovered in the city of Tiberias. Such doors are known to have originated in burial contexts, their facades usually adorned in a manner that resembled wooden doors of residences. The door from Bet Ma‘on is the first to be found outside Tiberias, and it probably belonged to a contemporary mausoleum mentioned in the Talmud.
The Glass Finds From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Glass Finds From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias, Natalya Katsnelson
'Atiqot
An interesting group of 60 glass fragments was retrieved from a Roman-period Jewish rural settlement near Tiberias. The assemblage, dating mostly to the first–early second centuries CE, comprises simple, undecorated containers for every-day use, which may be clearly identified with a Jewish population in Lower Galilee.
A Microscopic Examination Of Fresh Breaks Of Selected Roman-Period Potsherds From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Microscopic Examination Of Fresh Breaks Of Selected Roman-Period Potsherds From Naṣr Ed-Din, Near Tiberias, Anastasia Shapiro
'Atiqot
The microscopic examination of the fresh breaks of selected Roman-period pottery vessels from the excavation at Naṣr ed-Din aimed at identifying their possible provenance. The examination revealed seven fabric groups, each of which was correlated with pottery production sites in Galilee. Furthermore, the examined vessels demonstrate a noticeable relationship between form and fabric
Naṣr Ed-Din (Bet Ma‘On), Near Tiberias: Village And City In Roman-Period Galilee,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Naṣr Ed-Din (Bet Ma‘On), Near Tiberias: Village And City In Roman-Period Galilee, Dina Avshalom-Gorni, Uzi Leibner, Haya Ben Nahum
'Atiqot
A large domestic complex comprising six dwelling units with courtyards was uncovered in the village of Naṣr ed-Din overlooking Roman-period Tiberias. The site dates mainly to the Middle Roman period, spanning the beginning of the second century and the first decades of the third century CE. It seems that the complex was abandoned abruptly, as many finds were left in place on the floors. The good preservation of the dwellings and the wealth of the small finds shed light on the nature of domestic-rural construction in Roman Galilee, its material culture and household organization. This report describes the excavation of …
A Hellenistic-Period Farmhouse At Aderet In The Judean Shephelah,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Hellenistic-Period Farmhouse At Aderet In The Judean Shephelah, Jon Seligman, Ora Yogev
'Atiqot
The excavation at Aderet, located south of Ha-Ella Valley, revealed a farmhouse with an olive-oil press, which operated under the administrative control of Idumea during the Hellenistic period. Based on the numismatic evidence and the pottery assemblage, the Aderet farmhouse was dated to the second half of the third century BCE, possibly extending into the beginning of the second century BCE. The firmly dated regional ceramic assemblage of the third century BCE expands our knowledge of Hellenistic rural society. The chronology of the Aderet farmhouse is considered in light of Yogev’s suggestion to identify a late Iron Age occupation phase …
Ramat Razim, Near Ẓefat: A Middle Bronze Age Rural Site In The Tel Ḥaẓor Polity,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Ramat Razim, Near Ẓefat: A Middle Bronze Age Rural Site In The Tel Ḥaẓor Polity, Karen Covello-Paran, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Barak Tzin, Shlomit Bechar
'Atiqot
An archaeological excavation carried out at Ramat Razim, near Ẓefat, exposed a Middle Bronze Age rural settlement, dated by the ceramic assemblage within Middle Bronze Age II–III. Spatial analysis identified communal workspaces and possible domestic cult practices in specific rooms, and the distribution of the ground stone tools and ceramic storage vessels reflected food-processing activities and a decentralized grain-storage approach. In addition to agriculture, pastoralism—specifically sheep rearing—played a significant role in the settlement’s economy, probably engendering economic exchanges under the influence of Ḥaẓor, the major city in the region. Petrographic analysis linking the pithoi to the Ḥula Valley raised questions …
Rural Ceramic Production Unveiled? A Petrographic Analysis Of Early Islamic Mold-Decorated Buff Ware From The Be’Er Sheva‘ Valley,
2024
Israel Antiquities Authority
Rural Ceramic Production Unveiled? A Petrographic Analysis Of Early Islamic Mold-Decorated Buff Ware From The Be’Er Sheva‘ Valley, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
'Atiqot
This paper delves into the intriguing Early Islamic mold-decorated Buff Ware jugs found in the rural Negev region, shedding light on the broader phenomenon of imitations, in general and particularly, within the context of a rural farmstead situated on the southern bank of Naḥal Be’er Sheva‘. To accomplish this, we analyzed petrographically 22 sherds from nine sites spanning various geographic areas within modern-day Israel, aiming to reveal invaluable insights into mold-decorated Buff Ware production and distribution. The primary objectives of this study were twofold: first, to explore the degree of centralization in mold-decorated Buff Ware production, and second, to determine …
Human Remains In Now-Extreme Cave Settings: Exploring Ancient Funerary Practices,
2024
National Museum of Transylvanian History, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Human Remains In Now-Extreme Cave Settings: Exploring Ancient Funerary Practices, Andrea Demjén, Florin Gogaltan, Szilárd Gall, Călin Ghemiș, Viorel Traian Lascu, Bogdan Petroniu Onac, Ioana Nicoleta Meleg
FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments
No abstract provided.
