Family-Work Conflict And Performance Of Women-Owned Enterprises: The Role Of Social Capital In Developing Countries--Implications For South Africa And Beyond,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Family-Work Conflict And Performance Of Women-Owned Enterprises: The Role Of Social Capital In Developing Countries--Implications For South Africa And Beyond, Ngek Brownhilder Neneh
Journal of International Women's Studies
One critical issue that is highly overlooked in developing regions is the family embeddedness of women entrepreneurs, even though the women in developing countries simultaneously hold several roles in the family and their businesses. As such, this study focused on evaluating the impact of family-work conflict (FWC) on the performance of women-owned businesses in a developing world context. The findings indicate that FWC negatively influenced the performance of women-owned businesses. Additionally, the moderating effect of social capital in this association was examined. The findings suggest that both bonding social capital and bridging social capital buffers the negative effect of FWC …
Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence, Heidi Gilroy, Judith Mcfarlane, Nina Fredland, Sandra Cesario, Angeles Nava, John Maddoux
Journal of International Women's Studies
Poverty is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about the economic state at which women are no longer at risk for IPV due to their economic status, which is economic solvency. A Model of Economic Solvency in women has been developed from the literature that includes four factors: human capital, social capital, sustainable employment, and independence. The purpose of this research is to validate the model in a sample of women reporting IPV. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the model using data from 280 abused women. Examination of the model yielded …
How Children Of Lgbq Parents Negotiate Courtesy Stigma Over The Life Course,
2018
Bridgewater State University
How Children Of Lgbq Parents Negotiate Courtesy Stigma Over The Life Course, Rebecca Dibennardo, Abigail Saguy
Journal of International Women's Studies
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 28 U.S. adults who have at least one lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) parent, we examine how this group negotiates the courtesy stigma of a parent’s sexual identity over the life course. Respondents reported less control over revealing courtesy stigma during childhood, when they were closely linked to their parents, but increased ability to conceal parents’ sexual orientation as they aged. During childhood and adolescence, parents’ gender presentation and choice of partner(s) impacted the visibility and degree of courtesy stigma, as did their peer networks and social environments. As adults, respondents continued to face …
Exploring Women’S Perspectives Of Family Planning: A Qualitative Study From Rural Papua New Guinea,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Exploring Women’S Perspectives Of Family Planning: A Qualitative Study From Rural Papua New Guinea, Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo, Zuabe Manguruc Tinning, John F. Smith
Journal of International Women's Studies
Papua New Guinea has one of the highest fertility rates and lowest usage rates of modern contraceptives in the Pacific, especially in rural areas. Provision of modern family planning services in rural indigenous communities is challenged by geographic distance, organizational logistics, sparse human service resourcing issues, and lack of integration and understanding of the diversity of PNG’s indigenous knowledge and practices around reproductive health. Face-to-face interviews followed by two focus group discussions were held with 14 purposively sampled indigenous women and two community volunteers, aiming to explore their experiences of what were termed “modern family planning practices” and the perceived …
Speaking And Silence As Means Of Resistance In Alifa Rifaat's Distant View Of A Minaret And Bahiyya's Eyes,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Speaking And Silence As Means Of Resistance In Alifa Rifaat's Distant View Of A Minaret And Bahiyya's Eyes, Sumaya M. Alhaj Mohammad
Journal of International Women's Studies
This study aims at investigating the dilemma of creating a counter discourse that speaks against the dominant androcentric one in Alifa Rifaat’s fiction. The study explores the characterization of the protagonists of two short stories: “Distant View of a Minaret” and “Bahiyya’s Eyes,” culled from Rifaat’s collection Distant View of a Minaret and Other Short Stories (1983). These stories present two different paradigms of resistance that the female protagonists use, which are speaking and silence. The study argues that both speaking and silence are attempts to heal women’s cyclic trauma, as they are means of representing women’s experience and oppression …
Similarities And Contrasts Of The Culture Of Women’S “Otherness” In English And Persian Languages: Analysis Of Bhutto's Daughter Of The East,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Similarities And Contrasts Of The Culture Of Women’S “Otherness” In English And Persian Languages: Analysis Of Bhutto's Daughter Of The East, Mahboubeh Hosseini Daragheh, Vida Rahiminezhad
Journal of International Women's Studies
Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex portrayed how the concepts of Self and Other are being shaped, created or reinforced in a text. The concept of Otherness is portrayed conspicuously in Benazir Bhutto’s autobiography entitled Daughter of the East. Benazir Bhutto was the first democratically elected female leader of Pakistan and she was assassinated in December 2007. Bhutto talked about her personal life, strength and her political activity in the twentieth century. Alireza Ayari translated this autobiography into Persian in 2009. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of women’s Otherness in Daughter of the East …
El Saadawi Does Not Orientalize The Other In Woman At Point Zero,
2018
Bridgewater State University
El Saadawi Does Not Orientalize The Other In Woman At Point Zero, Luma Balaa
Journal of International Women's Studies
El Saadawi’s work in translation has been widely read in the West. On the one hand, she has been criticized for writing for the West, and many Arab critics argue that El Saadawi is famous in the West not because she “champions women’s rights, but because she tells western readers what they want to hear” (Amireh, 1996). In addition, when Woman at Point Zero is taught in the Western classroom, some students, reviewers, and critics tend at times to read the novel as a window “onto a timeless Islam instead of as [a] literary [work] governed by certain conventions and …
Vulnerabilities Of Women Workers In The Readymade Garment Sector Of Bangladesh: A Case Study Of Rana Plaza,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Vulnerabilities Of Women Workers In The Readymade Garment Sector Of Bangladesh: A Case Study Of Rana Plaza, Humayun Kabir, Myfanwy Maple, Syadani Riyad Fatema
Journal of International Women's Studies
The Bangladeshi readymade garment (RMG) sector is an important feature of the country’s economic development, as it is the highest contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh. This industry initiated a revolution in the employment sector particularly through involving women in the workplace, in a culture where employment of women remains rare. While offering new opportunities to women, this sector has failed to ensure a secure and safe working environment for female employees. Consequently, women workers are vulnerable to multiple hazards, frequent disasters, and adverse occupational health outcomes. These vulnerabilities have become a prime concern for national and international …
Intersectionality And An Intra-Household Analysis Of The Freedom To Make Decisions On The Use Of Household Products: Evidence From Rural Tanzania,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Intersectionality And An Intra-Household Analysis Of The Freedom To Make Decisions On The Use Of Household Products: Evidence From Rural Tanzania, Christina Mwivei Shitima
Journal of International Women's Studies
This study uses intra-household and intersectionality theories to analyze the relative benefit that household member’s gain from the use of goods produced by households living along the Simiyu River in Tanzania’s Meatu District. The ability to benefit from the use of goods produced by a household is defined as the freedom that a person has concerning decision-making about the goods that are produced within the household. Data were collected from different household members, including household heads, spouses and children who were 18 years and older and who were involved in the production of goods. The study findings highlight that the …
Biblical Moral Inquest Into Tradition Of Suspicion Of Treachery On African Women Upon Husband’S Death,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Biblical Moral Inquest Into Tradition Of Suspicion Of Treachery On African Women Upon Husband’S Death, Magezi Elijah Baloyi
Journal of International Women's Studies
The 16 days which South Africa dedicates to the fight against the abuse of women and children every December is a reminder of the effects of gender inequalities in this country. Even though this suspicion is inferred to other family members like parents, brothers or other relatives, this study confines itself to the suspicion towards wives when their husbands have died. This has resulted in widows being targeted in many African communities. Harmful traditional practices are part of the plights that widows are compelled to undergo if ‘suspected’ to prove their innocence. It is therefore the intention of this article …
Undoing The ‘Madwoman’: A Minor History Of Uselessness, Dementia And Indenture In Colonial Fiji,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Undoing The ‘Madwoman’: A Minor History Of Uselessness, Dementia And Indenture In Colonial Fiji, Margaret Mishra
Journal of International Women's Studies
This article sets out to undo colonial constructions of the ‘madwoman’ in Fiji during the indenture period. It will critique how lunacy, or more specifically the condition of dementia, was sometimes presented as the colonial response to ‘uselessness’ in the sugarcane plantations. When archival fragments relating to an indentured woman named Dhurma, are retrieved and situated within a historical context they demonstrate how unproductivity was perceived as a signifier of an ‘unsound mind’ because it conflicted with the utilitarian logic of universal and individual economic advancement espoused by the British colonial administration. The article will also present brief accounts of …
The War On Terror Is A War On Women: The Impact Of Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism On Women's Education In Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwah (Pakistan),
2018
Bridgewater State University
The War On Terror Is A War On Women: The Impact Of Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism On Women's Education In Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwah (Pakistan), Shabana Shamaas Gul Khattak
Journal of International Women's Studies
This article was derived from the author’s Postdoctoral Study, ‘The War on Terror is a War on Women in Swat Valley: Women’s Education under Terror and Displacement (2006-2011). Women’s education was affected the most during periods of terrorism in Swat Valley. The main targets of the militants were women’s educational institutes. The situation further worsened when the state government launched military operations in the name of the war on terror (counter-terrorism), which forced a huge number of local inhabitants to leave the valley and utterly blocked their educational accessibility for a long time. This study addresses how those women …
Defying Marginalization: Emergence Of Women’S Organizations And The Resistance Movement In Pakistan: A Historical Overview,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Defying Marginalization: Emergence Of Women’S Organizations And The Resistance Movement In Pakistan: A Historical Overview, Rahat Imran, Imran Munir
Journal of International Women's Studies
In the wake of Pakistani dictator General-Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization process (1977-1988), the country experienced an unprecedented tilt towards religious fundamentalism. This initiated judicial transformations that brought in rigid Islamic Sharia laws that impacted women’s freedoms and participation in the public sphere, and gender-specific curbs and policies on the pretext of implementing a religious identity. This suffocating environment that eroded women’s rights in particular through a recourse to politicization of religion also saw the emergence of equally strong resistance, particularly by women who, for the first time in Pakistan’s history, grouped and mobilized an organized activist women’s movement to challenge Zia’s oppressive …
Apology Or No Apology: Indigenous Models Of Subjection And Emancipation In Pakistani Women’S Fiction,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Apology Or No Apology: Indigenous Models Of Subjection And Emancipation In Pakistani Women’S Fiction, Aroosa Kanwal
Journal of International Women's Studies
This survey paper focuses on Pakistani Anglophone literary narratives that examine the multiple identities of victimized women as opposed to the commonly endorsed essentialist and reductive argument that is too easily conscripted into post-9/11 global discourses surrounding women of colour. In the context of the global hegemony of Western scholarship, my purpose in this paper is to foreground the simultaneous liberation and subjection, centricity and marginality, of Pakistani women. I argue that it is important to situate third world women’s subjection as well as agency in relation to the class, regional, ethnic and religious diversities that inform the degree and …
Gendered Portrayals Of Domestic Work In Indian Television,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Gendered Portrayals Of Domestic Work In Indian Television, Ruby Jain, Surbhi Pareek
Journal of International Women's Studies
Despite the entry of women into the labour force in India, women still participate in paid employment at a low rate; the rate even fell recently from 31% to 24% (ILO, 2013). This represents an alarming need for change in gender roles. The present article focuses on how electronic media content portrays men’s and women’s roles in performing housework. In a study of 30 TV serials that aired from 1990-2016 and 14 old and new TV advertisements, the findings show that mostly women are depicted doing domestic work. Media demonstrates gender disparities between men and women in performing domestic work, …
Corporate Social Responsibility And Gender Commitments Of Commercial Banks In Bangladesh,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Corporate Social Responsibility And Gender Commitments Of Commercial Banks In Bangladesh, Musammet Ismat Ara Begum
Journal of International Women's Studies
The growing field of Corporate Social Responsibility includes gender equality issues as a corporate commitment to society as well as the organization. It emphasizes equal opportunities for males and females in every sphere of organizational practice. However, the practices are most relevant to economic gains and political and regulatory purposes instead of demands for society, ethics and human rights. This research paper finds that the commercial banks of Bangladesh practice their gender commitments within a Corporate Social Responsibility framework and concentrate more on economic and political gains than mainstream gender practices from an ethical point of view. Incorporating gender issues …
Australian Women’S Anti-Nuclear Leadership: The Framing Of Peace And Social Change,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Australian Women’S Anti-Nuclear Leadership: The Framing Of Peace And Social Change, Yulia Maleta
Journal of International Women's Studies
This article addresses a gap on hegemonic masculinity/emphasized femininity and essentialism/constructivism within the Environmental New Social Movement (eNSM). Utilizing my interviews with Australian women members of environmentalist New Social Movement Organisations (eNSMOs), including eNGOs, academic institutions and the Greens party, I adopt a constructivist approach towards emphasized femininity, arguing that women-led strategies, strengthened through agentic competence contributes to global peace, whilst challenging the patriarchal control of environmental governance (Cockburn 1988, 2012). My feminist sociopolitical model is framed by resistance to ruling class masculinity, emphasizing participants’ gender performativity, advocating anti-nuclear agendas (Warren 1999, Gaard 2001, Butler 2013). Constructivism is relayed by …
'Playing It Right?’: Gendered Performances Of Professional Respectability And ‘Authenticity’ In Greek Academia,
2018
Bridgewater State University
'Playing It Right?’: Gendered Performances Of Professional Respectability And ‘Authenticity’ In Greek Academia, Maria Tsouroufli
Journal of International Women's Studies
This paper draws on the career narrative interviews with 15 female academics to unravel the performative politics of gender in Greek Medical Schools. I explore the gender positioning and embodied performances of Greek women as they relate to the contingencies of participation, recognition, and esteem in academic medicine and framed within the wider gendered discourses and structures of the increasingly neo-liberal Greek academia and society. Drawing on Butler’s notion of performativity, I illustrate the possibilities of making the successful Greek female academic subject through subjection to normative, gendered discourses of respectability, encompassing integrity, respectable aesthetics, and affective work and scripted …
Building Resilient Societies: The Relevance Of Unscr 1325 In Egypt’S Political Transition,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Building Resilient Societies: The Relevance Of Unscr 1325 In Egypt’S Political Transition, Salma Nasser
Journal of International Women's Studies
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 and 1820 and the more recent 1888, 1889, 1960, 2106, 2122 and 2242 reflect a rights-based approach to human security with a focus on the prevention of violence against women and girls and fostering their active and meaningful participation in public life in conflict and post conflict contexts. This is a particularly important framework in the African context where, over the past 5 years alone, conflict has plagued over 18 countries and has had devastating socio-economic impacts on women and led to the weakening of justice systems and social norms, which at the best …
Fighting Prejudice: Campaigns On Gender Violence In Spain,
2018
Bridgewater State University
Fighting Prejudice: Campaigns On Gender Violence In Spain, Isabel Cepeda
Journal of International Women's Studies
As in almost every country, Spanish society tends to trivialize cases of violence against women. There is little chance that this violence is perceived as a problem, not only by men, but also by women themselves. Some women have come to accept domestic violence as normal and internalized their oppression to the extent that they expect this as a pattern of acceptable, normative behavior imposed by society. Some social norms and institutions can ensure the perpetuation of violence against women since they are rooted in the culture and traditions that legitimize it. Awareness campaigns that address violence against women serve …
