Architecture Commons^™

Constructing Colma, Ethan Treiman

Library Map Prize

The American Cemetery Movement tells the story of American cemeteries in roughly four chapters, demarcated by the emergence of new cemetery forms: the rural cemetery, the memorial park, and so on. This paper identifies the salient features associated with each epoch of cemetery development and locates them within the city-cemetery of Colma, California — America’s only official necropolis — to demonstrate how Colma extends America’s cemetery tradition in familiar ways. In Colma, the trends of cemetery growth and ‘flattening’ reached their natural conclusions, throwing the uncertain future of earthen burial in America into the spotlight. This paper analyzes the societal, …

Regenerating Agroecosystems By Overcoming Human Exceptionalism In Designing For Increased Equity Of Benefits From Ecoservices, Ali Loker, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Our commentary explores three critical issues related to ecosystem services. First is how ecoservices are currently designed and implemented primarily for human benefit without concern for how these impact other species. We conclude that awareness of this imbalance is the first step toward meaningful change. Second we observe that human exceptionalism guides most decisions, and ask whether we can overcome this mind-set to embrace ecoregeneration and design of resilient and mutually beneficial agroecosystems. Our attitude toward the challenge and moving toward greater humility about human roles that guide management decisions in the ecosystem is a requisite for change. Third we …

How Far People Walk During Lunchtime : Comparing Actual And Perceived Walking Distances In The Central Business District Of Bangkok, Thailand, Shusak Janpathompong, Nij Tontisirin, Akinobu Murakami

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Walking has long been considered a significant factor in wellness. Previous studies have indicated 400-500 meters as a standard of the “acceptable walking distance” as compared to driving or other forms of transportation. However, “acceptable walking distance” and a “distance that one chooses to walk” are two different matters. More importantly, the distance people perceive for a trip can be one of the deciding factors in determining whether they are willing to walk, decide not to walk, or shift to other transportation modes. This research aims to define the optimal walking distances of office workers by measuring the discrepancy between …

The Determination Of Soil Infiltration Rate Of Urban Bioretention Design Process In Chiang Mai, Thailand, Prattakorn Sittisom, Rapee Tangsongsuwan, Sikarint Munlikawong, Wongkot Wongsapai, Sitthikorn Sitthikankun, Damrongsak Rinchumphu

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Stormwater runoff is an issue that is increasingly affecting urban areas because areas that previously were permeable have been developed, and are now impermeable, comprising hard surface areas, whether concrete floors, roads, or buildings. As the size of the problem area increases, the amount of stormwater runoff that needs to be cleared from urban areas increases, and it takes longer for the stormwater to be cleared. The existing basic public drainage systems can no longer sufficiently support the increasing stormwater runoff, directly affecting commuting and lifestyle. These problems have led to the design concept of bioretention, which can be used …

Finding A Balance Between Public And Private Spaces In Student Housing Design In Thailand, Sajid I Awal

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Public and private spaces are of equal importance in promoting social interaction and ensuring self-contemplation for users of student housing. This research aims to establish the right balance among the public and private spaces as it is arguably one of the difficulties in housing design. A housing design is proposed for students of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, analyzed, and justified following the research findings to derive the desired balance between the public and private spaces. Several sets of literature of related work are undertaken as part of the qualitative design. At the same time, space syntax is used as a …

Passive And Biophilic Design : Assessment Of The Semi-Open Educational Atrium Buildings In The Tropics, Songpol Atthakorn

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

The contemporary semi-open educational atrium buildings in Southeast Asia are among the most provocative sustainable buildings in tropical architecture. Since the qualities of natural environments inside atriums promote well-being and academic performance, passive and biophilic design strategies are applied to optimize the thermal and visual performances of the buildings. This research aims to assess four selected case studies in Bangkok in order to discover how the atrium elements affect the qualities of the inside natural environmental conditions, and recommend guidelines for semi-open atrium design. The most important natural environment indices are air temperature, radiation, humidity, airspeed, daylight, green area, view …

A Comparative Study Of Tvoc And Hcho Emissions From Various Multilayer Built-In Furniture Components Based On Iso 16000-9:2006 Emission Test Chamber Methods, Thanawadee Saengphet, Chanikarn Yimprayoon

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Multilayer materials of built-in furniture components emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the indoor environment. Although many green building rating systems have set criteria for indoor environments, typical buildings in Thailand have not implemented these requirements, especially for local furniture. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of VOC emissions and the relationships between these VOC emissions and inner structures, finishing techniques used for built-in components, and the cost of interior built-in furniture built by local contractors. A total of 33 specimens of built-in components normally found in Thailand were prepared and wrapped in plastic before being transported to the …

Examining The Root Causes Of On-Street Parking Mismanagement In Central Bangkok, Chakaphan Chullabodhi, Saksith Chalermpong, Apiwat Ratanawaraha

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Bangkok, a sprawling metropolis and capital of Thailand, has long-struggled with chronic on-street parking mismanagement despite repeated government attempts at regulation. This paper examines the root causes of ineffective on-street parking management in the city, elicited using root cause analysis (RCA), documentary research, field surveys, and in-depth interviews as data sources. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen government officers, focusing on the mindsets, motivations and incentives of stakeholders, and tree diagrams were developed to visualize cause-and-effect relationships and identify root causes of mismanagement. Our analysis identified eight root causes of ineffective on-street parking management stemming from misalignment of government …

Selection Criteria Of Ordinary Urban Heritages Through The Case Of Bangrak, A Multi-Cultural & Old Commercial District Of Bangkok, Prin Jhearmaneechotechai

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

This paper examines preservation of an old and multicultural commercial district of Bangrak, Bangkok through application of ordinary urban heritage, which is an alternative approach, but one which can fill a gap in the heritage conservation process. The dual objectives of this paper are 1. Introducing an alternative lens for considering the heritages of ordinary people in an urban context through the case of Bangrak in Bangkok, Thailand; and 2. Identifying selection criteria of ordinary urban heritages.  Bangrak, the study area, is an old commercial district of inner Bangkok that is characterized by diversity in the different groups who live …

Characteristic Factors Influencing The Thai-Style Public Space Utilization : Case Study Of Sanam Na Mueang Public Park In Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town, Thailand, Rawin Thinnakorn, Pornthip Kimnuan

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

This research aims to identify the characteristic factors influencing the Thai-style public space utilization with the combination of variables of good public space characteristics following the occidental and Thai theories from the perspective of actual users in order to create new components or factors influencing the Thai-style public space utilization. Sanam Na Mueang Public Park, located in Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town, was specified as the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to classify 30 variables influencing the success of public space utilization; data was collected from questionnaire responses provided by 320 people. The results indicate that the …

The Effects Of Design Combinations Of Surface Materials And Plants On Outdoor Thermal Conditions During Summer Around A Single-Detached House : A Numerical Analysis, Pichamon Leetongin, Natthaumporn Inprom, Manat Srivanit, Daranee Jareemit

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Suburban areas with low-density buildings are subject to only limited shading from adjacent buildings. As a result, these areas have more surface area absorbing more radiation, which has the effect of increasing urban temperatures compared with built-up high-density areas. This study aims to assess the combinations of landscape design, namely the integration of wall-paint colors, used to influence the outdoor thermal conditions around a single house in a housing cluster in suburban Bangkok, Thailand. The investigation used the ENVI-met model to perform diurnal profiles of the air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), direct and diffuse solar radiation, and wind speed …

Understanding The Dynamic Creative Clustering In The Phra Athit Road Area Of Bangkok, Wimonrart Issarathumnoon

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

This article examines changes along Phra Athit Road in Rattanakosin's historic center. With the support of the state, a former commercial street became a "cultural quarter" and eventually a "cultural-creative cluster," with creative activities infiltrating the neighborhoods. For this study, the researcher conducted a field survey and interviewed creative entrepreneurs in four sub-districts. The Phra Athit Road social and cultural resources reflect the qualities or potential resources of traditional neighbourhoods that have fostered the development of creative clusters. "Urban culture” is one of the district's key cultural resources that is properly understood and utilized, and its complex network of creative …

Rain Garden Design For Stormwater Management In Chiang Mai, Thailand : A Research-Through-Design Study, Chulalux Wanitchayapaisit, Pongsakorn Suppakittpaisarn, Nadchawan Charoenlertthanakit, Vipavee Surinseng, Ekachai Yaipimol, Damrongsak Rinchumphu

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Conventional stormwater management may cause long term environmental issues. Fortunately, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) can manage stormwater more sustainably. However, the design examples of WSUD elements, such as rain gardens within the geographical and cultural context of Thailand are lacking. This study investigated the patterns of rain garden design suitable for urban areas in Chiang Mai and developed examples of rain garden design processes and prototypes in an urban context for Chiang Mai. This research used the Research by design Method (RDM), which has great potential in bridging the gap between research and application. The researchers selected the site …

Exploring 3d Data Reuse And Repurposing Through Procedural Modeling, Rachel Opitz, Heather Richards-Rissetto, Karin Dalziel, Jessica Dussault, Greg Tunink

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Most contemporary 3D data used in archaeological research and heritage management have been created through ‘reality capture,’ the recording of the physical features of extant archaeological objects, structures, and landscapes using technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry (Garstki 2020, ch.2; Magnani et al. 2020). A smaller quantity of data are generated by Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) projects, and even fewer data are generated through procedural modeling, the rapid prototyping of multi-component threedimensional (3D) models from a set of rules (Figure 8.1.). It is unsurprising therefore that in archaeology and heritage, efforts around digital 3D …

Development And Changes In The Ergo Design Of Protestant Churches In Ukraine (1991-2021), Valentyna Kuryliak, Volodymyr Dudarets, Valeriy Bulatov

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The article presents the evolution of ergonomics and design of Protestant churches in Ukraine in the period from 1991-2021. Since Ukraine left the Soviet Union, the Soviet worldview of Ukrainian Protestants has gradually changed, which, in turn, influenced the formation of the subject-spatial environment and, in general, the ergo design of Protestant churches. The concept presented in the article is that ergo design is similar to a living organism, which changes under the influence of external factors, such as the emotional feeling of believers, political and economic changes, etc. This influence was especially evident during the transitional period on the …

ผลกระทบจากปรากฏการณ์การลดลงของจำนวนประชากรต่อโครงสร้างพื้นฐานด้านการศึกษา กรณีศึกษาจังหวัดอุดรธานี, สิรวิชญ์ ปัทมะสุวรรณ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่ออธิบายการลดลงของประชากรที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อโครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางการศึกษา กล่าวคือโรงเรียนของรัฐ ที่เป็นสาธารณูปการขั้นพื้นฐานที่มีความสำคัญ ซึ่งปรากฏการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นเป็นผลกระทบในมิติหนึ่งจากการลดลง ของประชากรในพื้นที่ คล้ายกับภาพความเสื่อมถอยของโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน ตามบริบทของปรากฏการณ์ เมืองหดที่ถูกกล่าวถึงในระดับสากล โดยมีระเบียบวิธีวิจัย ได้แก่ การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลสถิติที่เกี่ยวข้อง และการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกับผู้เกี่ยวข้องกับการบริหารการศึกษา ผลการวิเคราะห์การเปลี่ยนแปลงจำนวนและสัดส่วน รวมถึงการกระจายตัวของประชากรแสดงให้เห็นว่า การลดลงของประชากรเกิดขึ้นในระดับโครงสร้าง ประชากรวัยเด็กเป็นกลุ่มที่มีการลดลงอย่างชัดเจนที่สุดทั้งในพื้นที่เมืองและชนบท สอดคล้องกับจำนวนนักเรียนที่ลดลงในโรงเรียนของรัฐที่ทำให้โรงเรียนส่วนใหญ่ในจังหวัดอุดรธานีมีขนาดที่เล็กลง ขณะที่อัตราการลดของประชากรวัยเด็กที่มีแนวโน้มสูงขึ้นในทุกช่วงปีทำให้ภาพปรากฏการณ์ของโรงเรียนถูกยุบชัดเจนมากขึ้น การเปลี่ยนแปลงขนาดสะท้อนถึงสถานภาพโรงเรียนในแต่ละช่วงปี การถูกยุบ ลดขนาด ขยายขนาด เกิดขึ้นทั้งในพื้นที่เมืองและชนบทด้วยสัดส่วนที่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ แต่การวิเคราะห์สหสัมพันธ์เชิงพื้นที่แบบครอบคลุม ไม่พบรูปแบบของการพึ่งพาหรือสหสัมพันธ์ระหว่างโรงเรียนแต่ละแห่งในภาพรวมของจังหวัดอย่างชัดเจน เนื่องจากการลดลงของนักเรียนในโรงเรียนแต่ละแห่งอาจไม่ได้มีความสัมพันธ์กันด้วยปัจจัยเชิงภูมิศาสตร์เพียงปัจจัยเดียว นอกเหนือปัจจัยอัตราการเกิดต่ำที่ทำให้จำนวนนักเรียนในโรงเรียนลดลงในภาพรวมแล้ว การลดลงของจำนวนนักเรียนในโรงเรียนขนาดเล็กที่อยู่ในพื้นที่ชานเมืองและพื้นที่ชนบทเกิดจากการย้ายถิ่นเข้าสู่โรงเรียนที่มีขนาดใหญ่ซึ่งถูกมองว่ามีความพร้อมมากกว่าในพื้นที่เมือง ขณะที่โรงเรียนขนาดเล็กในพื้นที่ชนบทต้องดิ้นรนในการสร้างคุณภาพตามเกณฑ์มาตรฐานที่ส่วนกลางได้กำหนดไว้ภายใต้ภาวะข้อจำกัดด้านงบประมาณและบุคลากรเพื่อไม่ให้ถูกยุบ ซึ่งเป็นความเหลื่อมล้ำที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างโรงเรียนขนาดใหญ่ในพื้นที่เมืองและโรงเรียนขนาดเล็กในพื้นที่ชนบทห่างไกล งานวิจัยนี้จึงมีข้อเสนอแนะเชิงนโยบายในประเด็นการจัดการให้บริการด้านการศึกษาอย่างทั่วถึงและมีส่วนร่วม และการส่งเสริมให้เกิดการกระจายอำนาจ โดยผลักดันให้องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นเข้ามีบทบาทด้านการศึกษาเพื่อความคล่องตัวในการบริหารจัดการ และรับมือกับปัญหาที่มีความเฉพาะเจาะจงเชิงพื้นที่มากยิ่งขึ้น

Tilt-Up Partially Composite Insulated Wall Panels, Marc Maguire, Salam Al-Rubaye

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This research project was initiated to investigate the behavior of load-bearing concrete insulated wall panels for use in tilt-up construction. The primary objective was to understand the inelastic behavior of these panels so that engineers could perform a proper second-order analysis for combined axial and out-of-plane loading. Toward this aim, the Tilt-up Concrete Institute (TCA) and wythe connector suppliers Innstruct, Thermomass, HK Composites, Dayton Superior, and IconX, funded this study.

This report contains information related to testing of solid and partially composite insulated wall panels that integrated proprietary wythe connection systems. Using the information from these tests, a method to …

Challenges And Enabling Features Of Small And Medium Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (P3s): A Case Study Of The Us P3 Infrastructure Market, Yunping Liang, Baabak Ashuri

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Purpose: In classical perspective, projects under a certain size are not feasible for P3. However, there is an emerging trend on using P3 to deliver projects that are frequently small to medium sized to meet ever-increasingly complex social needs, including enhancing lifecycle performance of existing facilities, designing and building for resilience and sustainability, ensuring cost effectiveness of public spending, and fostering innovation. In contrast with the increasing implementation, small and medium P3s, especially those in the United States, receive little attention in existing studies. This study aims at answering the question: in the context of the US, what features of …

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of Mass Timber And Concrete Residential Buildings: A Case Study In China, Cindy Chen, Francesca Pierobon, Susan Jones, Ian Maples, Yingchun Gong, Indroneil Ganguly

Publications, Reports and Presentations

As the population continues to grow in China’s urban settings, the building sector contributes to increasing levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concrete and steel are the two most common construction materials used in China and account for 60% of the carbon emissions among all building components. Mass timber is recognized as an alternative building material to concrete and steel, characterized by better environmental performance and unique structural features. Nonetheless, research associated with mass timber buildings is still lacking in China. Quantifying the emission mitigation potentials of using mass timber in new buildings can help accelerate associated policy development and …

Discussing Changes In Historical Human–Environmental Dynamics Through Ecosystem Services Interactions And Future Scenarios In A Rural-Mining Region Of Central Appalachians, Vincenzo Cribari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate how recent processes of land-change induced by humans contributed to the shaping and alteration of the current landscape in a headwater system of Central Appalachians in West Virginia (US), to understand the interactions and tradeoffs among ecosystems services and address potential solutions for targeting more sustainable human-environment interactions in a region that is deeply grounded on extractive economies. The multitiered objective was addressed through different research phases in order to unfold and disentangle a series of complex problems that the study area presents. Three main phases were used; they corresponded to distinct …