Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons^™

The Evolving Place Of Indigenous People And Their Cultural Landscapes In The World Heritage Convention At 50, Diane Menzies, Gregory W. De Vries

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Indigenous people, associated cultural landscapes, and the 1972 World Heritage Convention offer an evolving constellation of challenges and opportunities for cultural and natural resilience and self-determination. This discussion explores ongoing transitions in the relationship between the World Heritage List and indigeneity with respect to terminology, representation, distribution, and the real-world issues of poverty, climate change, resource and habitat loss, health crises, and power imbalances affecting current experiences and future directions for World Heritage. Institutional legacies still haunt processes of inscription and management; however, the engagement of Indigenous people is increasingly multi-faceted and mutually reinforcing. Over time, Indigenous perspectives on nature-culture …

Cultural Landscape As Place, Process, And Practice, Dr. Steve H. Brown

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

As Australian cultural geographer Lesley Head notes, cultural landscape is not just one idea, but ‘the concept of cultural landscape has changed over time and evokes a range of contrasting understandings in different regions of the world, different academic disciplines, and different government contexts’ (Head 2010, p. 427). While there is a vast literature on the subject, cultural landscapes can be considered to encompass three broad meanings. First, cultural landscape as place; that is, the phrase can be applied to a selected region of the Earth that has been transformed by human-ecological intra-action. Second, cultural landscape as process; that is, …

Legal Framework Of Cultural Landscape As A Listed Cultural Heritage In Taiwan, Chun-Hsi Wang

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

The cultural landscape has been protected as a cultural heritage in Taiwan since the amendment of the law in 2005. The definition in the law of 2005 was “the spaces and related environment of myths, legends, circumstances, historical events, community life, or ceremony”. However, the 2005 definition was ambiguous, which resulted in several unclear registered cases. For instance, some cases may have been registered as cultural landscapes but have buildings as their major attributes. This reflects the fact that the preservation of cultural heritage in Taiwan still focuses on the preservation of buildings, which highlights the difference between the concept …

Significance, Opportunities And Challenges Of Cultural Landscape Conservation And Bhutan Heritage Bill – Unesco’S Experiences Of Bhutan, Roland Chih-Hung Lin

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

UNESCO was the first United Nations agency to deal with landscapes at a global scale, notably through the 1962 UNESCO Recommendation on the Beauty and Character of Landscapes and Sites and the 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. This article shares the knowledge and experience garnered by UNESCO through its conservation and management activities at Cultural Landscapes in Bhutan and highlights the urgent need for a cultural-historical-natural territory approach to address the pressing challenges for the conservation of Cultural Landscapes in Bhutan, and for a strong focus on the peoples and communities that …

Historical Evolution Of Cultural Landscape Protection In Japan And Perspectives Towards Climate Change, Mikiko Ishikawa

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

The concept of cultural landscapes has existed as a social foundation in Japan since the 11th century. Numerous gardens and community forests were created and protected as the spiritual site of cultural landscapes. Modernization took place in 1868, and based on social change, various laws were established for protecting cultural landscapes.

In this presentation, the author will explain the challenges for protection, especially focusing on the movements in the historical city of Kamakura since the 1960’s, considering the birth of the law of Historic Landscape Preservation. Based on the establishment of this law in Kamakura, a Green Preservation Law was …

Evolution Of Landscape Scale Protection In Australia Since 1974, Jane Lennon

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Australia ICOMOS found the Venice Charter principles to be universally sound but not applicable to an ancient landscape encompassing 60,000 years of Aboriginal occupation and modified by only 200 years of European settlement. In response, Australia ICOMOS members created the Burra Charter to deal with conservation of places of cultural significance, and in the years since 1981, it has been updated to reflect contemporary practice and improved understanding of intangible values. Although its principles and planning steps have been followed for large publicly-owned conservation landscapes such as national parks or for urban historic parks, the challenge is to apply it …

When You Can't See The Trees For The Forest: An Analysis Of Heritage Tree Protection And The Implications For Nature Culture Integration, Elizabeth Brabec

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Heritage trees provide a sense of permanency and sense of place, spiritual connections, and also a critical repository of a gene pool, climate adaptation history and future human resources. Characterized as the oldest and/or largest tree of a species, heritage or "champion" trees as they are often termed, contain a "library" of climate changes that have taken place over hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. But in the designation and protection of heritage trees, the criteria of ecosystem services and economic values are mentioned much more frequently in the legislation and research, than cultural or heritage values. This …

Policy Challenges To Recognizing And Conserving Cultural Landscapes In The United States, Brenda Barrett

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Cultural Landscapes have come late to the game in the US government’s historic preservation policy schemes. While the US National Park Service (NPS) established a documentation program - the Historic American Landscapes, landscapes are not specifically identified as a historic resource type to be recognized and protected by any of the existing statutory frameworks. In 2013 the NPS cultural resource leadership sought to remedy this deficiency by undertaking an extensive study, the National Register Landscape Initiative, with the goal of proposing legislative changes to the National Historic Preservation Act. Cultural landscapes would be added as a distinct property type to …

Honor Thyself, Alonzo O. Williams

Dance (MFA) Theses

The black male experience and identity in America are filled with complexity. We struggle to know ourselves. We work to see the way of love and the peace of an unviolated free spirit. We want to engage with ourselves with the highest degree of freedom and comfort, not to continue to question our identity in a life-threatening white patriarchal masculinity ideal. Honoring oneself from the lenses of the Reconstruction era of the United States is essential. Reconceptualizing this history explores the significance of emphasizing Reconstruction in my life as a black male to go through a process of self-discovery and …

Demolition And Reconstruction As Urban Preservation In China: The Case Of Liaocheng City, Chuxuan Zhang

Theses (Historic Preservation)

This thesis studies the large-scale “oxymoron” projects/policies (demolition and reconstruction activities) that occurred in China, especially in LiaoCheng City to understand the design of the policies/projects, the factors at play, and their effects on preservation efforts in historic Chinese cities. This study shows that large-scale “oxymoron” projects/policies are mainly affected by four aspects. Firstly, how to maintain the authenticity of historical heritage during the preservation process is still controversial due to China's unique cultural background. Secondly, the land finance, the rapid economic development, and the continuous expansion of the cities have made the land value of the historical centers rise …

Soot In The Mortar: Climate Crisis Interpretation At The Elms, Aislinn Eyre Pentecost-Farren

Theses (Historic Preservation)

As climate change effects increase, historic sites with connections to the fossil fuel industry assume new meaning. These sites offer opportunities to grow public recognition of climate change history and the ways our cultural values and economic systems feed the climate crisis. This thesis investigates The Elms, coal magnate Edward Berwind’s 1901 mansion in Newport, Rhode Island, as an especially apt case study for interpreting the history of the climate crisis at historic sites and industrialist house museums. The thesis begins with an overview of recent literature on the interpretation of “hidden” and “difficult” histories at historic sites, climate change …

Vaults Speak: A History And Material Analysis Of Guastavino Akoustolith Tile, Jose Carlos Hernandez Cruz

Theses (Historic Preservation)

Since antiquity, reverberation has been linked to monumental interiors. Roman temples and medieval Gothic cathedrals produced a recognizable soundscape that was considered as natural as gravity. Vaults, domes, pendentives, and other large concave surfaces produced reverberant spaces that enriched the medieval latin chant but was detrimental to the clarity of the modern Protestant sermon. At the turn of the twentieth-century, Wallace Clement Sabine and Rafael Guastavino Jr. responded to a demand to quiet Protestant cathedrals. Together, they patented two acoustical products, a clay-based tile named “Rumford” and an artificial stone named “Akoustolith.” These were structural, imitated traditional masonry, and absorbed …

Tactical Preservation For Climate Emergency: Adaptive Reuse Of 20th C. Public Schools In Puerto Rico, Hillary Morales Robles

Theses (Historic Preservation)

Puerto Rico has experienced three major disasters in the last five years, the hurricanes María and Irma in 2017 and earthquake swarms in the winter of 2020. Post-disaster vulnerabilities studies have concluded that municipalities in rural Puerto Rico present high exposure and risk in future disasters. Parallel to this context, thousands of 20th-century public schools were closed in the last decade due to damage and disinvestment in public infrastructure on the island. Not only has this reduced educational resources but also available emergency shelters. This thesis has studied vacant 20th-century public schools in Puerto Rico as an opportunity to reclaim …

Activating Our Tools: A Qualitative Analysis Of Statewide Historic Preservation Plans, Anne Greening

Theses (Historic Preservation)

Since the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, State Historic Preservation Offices have been required to create and implement Statewide Historic Preservation Plans on a recurring cycle. Despite this longstanding requirement, State Plans have been overlooked in academic research and there have been few comprehensive evaluations of the planning process, the written plans, and their implementation. This thesis begins to fill that gap in research and suggests further areas of study for future researchers. Through interviews with staff at the National Park Service, an online survey of SHPOs in U.S. states, territories, and Freely Associated States, and …

An Evaluation Of Shelter Coating As A Preventive Conservation Method For Earthen Sites, Alison Cavicchio

Theses (Historic Preservation)

Shelter coating is a global practice implemented as one form of protection at earthen sites to reduce surface erosion of adobe. At Fort Union National Monument, the largest adobe site in the United States, shelter coating has been used since the 1980s and of various formulations and application methods. Current shelter coat practices at Fort Union consist of a two-coat system of an unamended layer of similar composition to the original adobe walls, followed by a second amended mud layer modified with a stabilizing agent (Rhoplex™ E-330) to enhance the exterior layer’s water resistance and weatherability. Rhoplex™ E-330, an acrylic …

Strathglass Park: Strategies For The Revitalization Of A Rural Mill Town Community, Heather Megan Hendrickson

Theses (Historic Preservation)

Built in 1902 for Oxford Paper Company mill workers, Strathglass Park is one of the finest examples of twentieth century industrial worker housing still extant today. The rural town of Rumford Falls, Maine experienced a radical population boom during the last decade of the nineteenth century when the small agrarian village was transformed into a thriving industrial pulp-and-paper company town, resulting in a major housing shortage. Brainchild of Hugh J. Chisholm (1847-1912), founder of the Oxford Paper Company, Strathglass Park consisted of 51 red-brick architect-designed duplexes organized in a professionally planned park-like setting surrounded by a granite wall. The well-constructed, …

Developing A Methodology For The Conservation Of A Tserkva: Examining The Structural And Decorative Composite Of The Church Of The Exaltation Of The Holy Cross, Drohobych, Ukraine, Blair Horton

Theses (Historic Preservation)

In January 2020, a multi-year project was initiated to preserve the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (CEHC), a historic wooden church in Western Ukraine. Building upon preliminary documentation, this thesis responds to the conservation challenge presented by the polychrome wall-paintings where the icons and motifs used in the religious liturgy were painted directly onto the structural timbers. This thesis proposes a methodology for their joint conservation informed by examination of the church’s heritage values, regional agents of deterioration, and conservation discourse around the larger typology. Through developed preservation principles and a phased timeline, the site-specific needs of …

Revisiting The Past Treatments And Condition Assessment Of The Painted Sanctuary At Tumacacori, Yifei Yang

Theses (Historic Preservation)

This thesis focuses on the painted walls in the Sanctuary of the Mission Church of San Jose de Tumacacori, which has been managed by the National Park Service since 1918 and has been treated several times in the past years. The treatments from different periods overlaid on the surface of the Sanctuary offer interesting evidence of different types of conservation treatments conducted on in situ murals and decorative paintings over the past century. However, these treatments have never been closely examined nor distinguished as individual campaigns of treatment. This thesis intends to differentiate and analyze the treatments and materials applied …

Formulation And Evaluation Of A Biophilic Protective Surface Treatment For Stone Substrates, Caitlin Siobhan Livesey

Theses (Historic Preservation)

This thesis develops and preliminarily tests a biophilic adhesive filler for the fossilized tree stumps at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO), which are rapidly deteriorating due to the impacts of precipitation and freeze-thaw cycling. At the crown of Stump P47, lichens have been observed to have a consolidating effect, preventing further fragmentation. Recent conservation research confirms that in certain environments, with specific substrates and organisms, microflora and macroflora can act as protective and consolidating agents for stone substrates. This thesis explores these benefits by considering potential materials for the formulation of a biophilic adhesive filler, which could be used …

Episcopal Church Of The Redeemer, Greensboro, Georgia, Sandra Hall, Madelyn Livingston, Hannah Brecker, Alicia Guzman, Ieshia Hall, Brendan Harris, Darlene Hawksley, Joachim Hillier, William Hodge, Paige Jennings, David Moore, Katherine Rambler, Rachel Staley, Chad Keller

Heritage Preservation Projects

Episcopal Church of the Redeemer documentation involved creating a set of HABS (Historic American Building Survey) architectural drawings and a written historical report. The drawings and report are part of the permanent HABS collection in the Library of Congress.