Concluding Assessments,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Concluding Assessments, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
We are at a critical juncture in the evolution of space – we need an intellectual foundation to guide policy and actions. Space was a major instrument and force in shaping the 20th century and the nation’s strategy – Apollo, nuclear deterrence, international cooperation, technology advances, and international conduct exemplify this. A central question is: will space be a similar force in 21st century – will it be determinant of great power status, a key instrument of national power? Today, there is the recognition among leaders that space is not a discretionary activity, but essential to the well-being of the …
Implementing Security Space Policy In The New Administration,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Implementing Security Space Policy In The New Administration, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
The Obama Administration has started out strong in the area of space policy formulation and implementation with calls for reestablishing the National Space Council, although this has not happened yet, and by undertaking a number of space policy reviews, including the Augustine Commission on human spaceflight, National Security Council (NSC) and Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) reviews of national space policy under Presidential Directive, the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), and the DOD Space Posture Review. Further, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and OSTP list space as a science and technology priority because it addresses several priorities, …
China’S Role In Space: Cooperation, Competition, And Conflict,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
China’S Role In Space: Cooperation, Competition, And Conflict, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
The panelists in this session were in agreement that China pursues cooperation, competition, and conflict in space. Space capabilities can be used to forge and improve relations with some states. These capabilities are also a means of displaying and projecting comprehensive national power. Finally, space capabilities apply to conflict.
New Approaches To Arms Control,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
New Approaches To Arms Control, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
There is a sparse record of accomplishment in arms control related to space. One, the Outer Space Treaty constrained the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) activities in space. Two, the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty prohibited space-based ballistic missile defense (BMD). Three, arms control treaties reaffirmed the ABM Treaty’s valuable normsetting provisions protective of satellites for intelligence ends. And four, there was one serious effort to negotiate constraints on military space capabilities concerning ASAT weapons between the U.S. and Soviet Union in the mid-1970s.
Military-Civil-Commercial Space Cooperation,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Military-Civil-Commercial Space Cooperation, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
This session addressed space cooperation across military, civil, and commercial space sectors by examining what is working, what are the obstacles, and what would you change. Following this, the discussion assessed the utility of national space strategy – do we need a national space strategy and strategy for what – to advance cooperation among the space sectors.
International Cooperation In Asia And Europe,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
International Cooperation In Asia And Europe, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
The Obama Administration put forward a new focus on international cooperation that is more multilateral, where the U.S. listens to friends and allies, but where friends and allies are expected to bear their fair share of the burden. Panelists in this session identified four factors important to foster space cooperation: (1) cooperation must be credible in that there is political will and the proposed cooperation offers something of value to each partner; (2) the collaborative arrangements should demonstrate a cost (burden to be accomplished) and benefit (value) to each partner; (3) cooperation should build national capacity; and (4) cooperation should …
Space Deterrence And National Policy,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Space Deterrence And National Policy, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
The opening remarks for this session began with a review of the Space Deterrence Study recently completed (August 2009) by the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies and published in Space and Defense 3: 1 (2009). This review was followed by brief discussion of peer reviews and commentaries of the Deterrence Study, also published in Space and Defense 3: 1 (2009).
Threat Assessments And The Space Domain,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Threat Assessments And The Space Domain, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
This session focused on risks in relation to the space domain, and the issue of how government resources should be applied to address risks. The point was made that the focus on threat assessments should be on looking for the most probable risks – since 9/11 the focus has been to identify all possible risks, and this is problematic as resources are inadequate for this approach. What is missing is a political context for threat assessments. It is the job of the military to consider all threats – to think of worst-case scenarios and to explore how to counter threats. …
2009 National Space Forum,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Note For Contributors,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Table Of Contents Volume No. 2,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Table Of Contents Volume No. 2, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Front Matter Volume 3 Issue 2,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Front Matter Volume 3 Issue 2, Space And Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Notes For Contributors,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
An Alternative View On Space Deterrence,
2023
United States Air Force Space Command
An Alternative View On Space Deterrence, Dwight D. Rauhala, Jonty L. Kasku-Jackson
Space and Defense
The authors of the “Space Deterrence” report provide thoughtful, common sense recommendations to strengthen space deterrence, and given the complexity of deterrence, provide a “layered defense” strategy. The first recommendation given was to improve space situational awareness (SSA). As the authors acknowledge, these recommendations are not “cost constrained.” Although this and other recommendations bear consideration, one difficult task will be in addressing potential costs. The next recommendation is to develop internal red lines, a system by which internal alerts provide notifications to the “national command authority.” (National Command Authorities was a term that referred collectively to the President of the …
Air Force Space Command Perspective On Space Deterrence,
2023
United States Air Force Space Command
Air Force Space Command Perspective On Space Deterrence, Mike Manor, Kurt Neuman
Space and Defense
The Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies embarked on an ambitious project when they tackled the subject of space deterrence. The end result is a comprehensive report that provides an excellent summary of changes in the strategic space environment, as well as a perceptive analytical framework for assessing deterrence options. The layered strategy – International Norms, Entanglement, Retaliation, and Denial – is an original model that nicely captures vital aspects of space deterrence. Closing out the report are recommendations that are practical and cogent, offering clear steps for improving the deterrent posture of the United States in space.
Deter War, Not Attacks Against Space Systems,
2023
School of Advanced Air and Space Studies
Deter War, Not Attacks Against Space Systems, John B. Sheldon
Space and Defense
The “Space Deterrence: The Delicate Balance of Risk” study by the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies has much merit to it. First, to undertake the task at all is praiseworthy given the enormity and importance of the topic. Second, the study contains many sensible points, ranging from the uncertain nature of deterrence to measures needed to physically protect space systems that policy makers and students of strategy would do well to note. But as noteworthy as the Space Deterrence study is, there are two wider points to consider that are not found in its pages. The omission of …
Strengthening Deterrence: Assuring Delivery Of Space Capabilities,
2023
United States National Security Space Office
Strengthening Deterrence: Assuring Delivery Of Space Capabilities, Peter L. Hays
Space and Defense
The Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies’ report on “Space Deterrence: The Delicate Balance of Risk” briefly overviews fundamental deterrence concepts and evaluates how deterrence functioned during the Cold War; it masterfully assesses the most relevant and applicable lessons for today’s space deterrence challenges. The report comprehensively and multi-dimensionally addresses space deterrence by discussing key issues, including the vulnerability gap the United Sates faces with respect to space capabilities, the difficulty of defense, problems with credibility of retaliation in an asymmetric environment, and weaknesses in space situational awareness (SSA) and attribution. It also makes key recommendations to develop internal …
A Good Starting Point For Deterrence,
2023
Center for Naval Analysis and the Institute for Public Research
A Good Starting Point For Deterrence, Dean Cheng
Space and Defense
A central focus for much of the Cold War was determining what would deter the Soviet Union; this was a topic upon which many of the West’s best and brightest labored to determine. In order to deter the former Soviet Union, a huge intellectual edifice was erected, which helped guide a variety of military programs, including not only the American strategic triad of land-based and sea-based missiles and manned bombers, but tactical nuclear weapons, hardened command and control, and space-based early warning systems. It also incorporated concepts, such as “extended deterrence,” “escalation dominance,” and “mutual assured destruction.”
Space Deterrence: The Delicate Balance Of Risk,
2023
Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies
Space Deterrence: The Delicate Balance Of Risk, Roger G. Harrison, Deron R. Jackson, Collins G. Shackelford
Space and Defense
The United States has created a military structure that is heavily satellite-dependent, without making corresponding improvements in the survivability of its space systems. The result is a classic opportunity for asymmetric, preemptive attack. The central question of this study is how to structure a strategy of deterrence to persuade potentially hostile actors that the costs of attack will nevertheless outweigh the benefits.
Preface For Volume 3 No. 1,
2023
University of Nebraska at Omaha
