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Articles 241 - 269 of 269
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Robust Flight Deck Systems: Harnessing The Synergistic Power Of The Crew, Michael J. Stasio
Robust Flight Deck Systems: Harnessing The Synergistic Power Of The Crew, Michael J. Stasio
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Robust flight decks are possible in both normal and novel operations. Existing crew resource and error management programs can improve team-centered resilience with Oshry’s organization development (OD) principles. The need on the flight deck is to diminish the invisible behavioral gap between espoused theory and theory-in-use by balancing Oshry’s four basic elements that make up robust human systems—differentiation, homogenization, integration, and individuation. This low-cost OD vision is offered as a guide for organizations to tailor existing aircrew recurrent training modules. Assessment and diagnosis measures are recommended for continuous improvement, so this OD framework includes adaptive feedback interventions and soft-skills behavioral …
Is Performance Variability Necessary? A Qualitative Study On Cognitive Resilience In Forestry Work, Jennifer M. Colman, Heather K. Kahle, Eder Henriqson
Is Performance Variability Necessary? A Qualitative Study On Cognitive Resilience In Forestry Work, Jennifer M. Colman, Heather K. Kahle, Eder Henriqson
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
In forestry work, conditions exist and develop that are complex, unpredictable, and highly consequential and therefore cannot be handled entirely by following static work procedures. Cognitive adjustments are necessary. The objective of this research was to determine whether performance (cognitive) variability is actually necessary to safely fell trees in the coastal region of British Columbia, Canada. In this paper two perspectives were contrasted: the traditional view of safety and the resilience perspective. A collection of empirical evidence established that while safe work procedures provide a good foundation, it is individual performance variability shaped by experience and ‘‘know-how’’ that guides the …
Review Of Spacewalker, Barrett Caldwell
Review Of Spacewalker, Barrett Caldwell
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Since its founding over 15 years ago, JHPEE has always had a focal emphasis on human performance in space. Thus, it is no surprise that we would want to highlight a new book from astronaut Jerry L Ross, who has set records for launches and spacewalks with NASA. However, there is always more to an astronaut biography, as we have learned since the days of We Seven. Our interest in an astronaut’s life and experiences helps us to see the answers to four different questions, which tell us different things about this most unique of human performance environments.
Enhanced Simulation Of Partial Gravity For Extravehicular Activity, Steven P. Chappell, David M. Klaus
Enhanced Simulation Of Partial Gravity For Extravehicular Activity, Steven P. Chappell, David M. Klaus
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Prior studies of human locomotion under simulated partial gravity have hypothesized that energy expenditure is increased in lunar gravity, as compared to that of Mars. This may be due to subjects having to expend excess energy for stability and posture control in the lower gravitational field. The physiological cause of this suspected ‘‘wasted energy’’ during locomotion in low gravity remains to be determined. This paper outlines factors to be considered for these analyses and enhancements to the simulation method that will enable assessment of inertial stability and associated metabolic cost. A novel simulation technique is proposed for assessing the effects …
Changes In Eeg During Ultralong Running, M. Doppelmayr, P. Sauseng, H. Doppelmayr, I. Mausz
Changes In Eeg During Ultralong Running, M. Doppelmayr, P. Sauseng, H. Doppelmayr, I. Mausz
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
There are only a few studies using human electroencephalograms (EEGs) to investigate bioelectrical changes in the brain during exercise (running or cycling). These studies report an increase in EEG alpha amplitude during and immediately after exercise. However, only exercises within a relatively short time interval of approximately 1 hour have been investigated. Thus, we focussed on long-lasting exercise and report three single case studies, performed on the same participant, during extended exercise and under different thermal conditions. EEG was recorded during a 12-, 24-, and 56-hour ultramarathon. The 56-hour race was performed under extreme thermal stress in Death Valley, CA, …
Perceived Motion Sickness And Effects On Performance Following Naval Transportation, Joakim Dahlman, Torbjörn Falkmer, Fredrik Forsman
Perceived Motion Sickness And Effects On Performance Following Naval Transportation, Joakim Dahlman, Torbjörn Falkmer, Fredrik Forsman
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
The present study focused on the relationship between previous experiences of, and rated susceptibility to, motion sickness and its correlation to subjective measurements and actual performance. Performance was measured in terms of shooting precision among 23 participants from the Swedish amphibious corps after transportation in a small amphibious boat, while sealed off with no reference to the outside world. Self-rating questionnaires were collected regarding perceived performance and presence of motion sickness. The physiological status perceived by each participant was related to factors that generally indicate early stages of motion sickness, which also were correlated to deficits in performance. It was …
Investigating Visual Alerting In Complex Command And Control Environments, Jacquelyn M. Crebolder
Investigating Visual Alerting In Complex Command And Control Environments, Jacquelyn M. Crebolder
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
A series of experiments was conducted to investigate visual alerting in complex command and control environments, where operators must use several displays to perform tasks. In the first experiment, the speed of detection of two alerts, one in the form of a short bar and the other a border surrounding the perimeter of the display, were compared under flashing and static states. Findings showed that bar alerts were detected faster than border alerts and that adding a flashing attribute did not provide a benefit. The second study monitored which display participants were attending to when the alert appeared, and the …
Sleep Disturbance Implications For Modern Military Operations, Douglas R. Lindsay, Jeff Dyche
Sleep Disturbance Implications For Modern Military Operations, Douglas R. Lindsay, Jeff Dyche
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
As is evident from current military operations that are happening around the globe (e.g., Iraq, Afghanistan, Korea), today’s military is being called on in numerous new and innovative ways (e.g., Foster & Lindsay, 2011). One of the primary forces behind this change is the pervasiveness of enhanced information systems. In fact, the concept of networked warfare is the basis of operations and doctrine for the armed forces (Wesensten, Belenky, & Balkin, 2005). With respect to Admiral Cebrowski’s quote, it appears that this notion of information in warfare is going to continue to influence the way that we approach and conduct …
Brief Report: 30th Anniversary Survey Results, Paige Asawa
Brief Report: 30th Anniversary Survey Results, Paige Asawa
Journal of Clinical Art Therapy
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Personality Traits On Perception Of New Venture Opportunity, Jun Yan
The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Personality Traits On Perception Of New Venture Opportunity, Jun Yan
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
This empirical study examined links between entrepreneurial personality traits and perception of new venture opportunity in a sample of 207 respondents. Four entrepreneurial personality traits were included to predict respondents’ perception of new venture opportunity. They are (1) achievement motivation, (2) locus of control, (3) risk propensity, and (4) proactivity.The results of multiple regression analysis show that three of the four entrepreneurial personality traits—locus of control, risk propensity, and proactivity—related significantly to perception of new venture opportunity in expected directions. Among the three personality traits, proactivity was found to have the strongest influence over entrepreneurial perception. No significant relationship was …
Psychographic Segmentation Of The Self-Employed: An Exploratory Study, Matthew G. Kenney, Art Weinstein
Psychographic Segmentation Of The Self-Employed: An Exploratory Study, Matthew G. Kenney, Art Weinstein
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Although it is well established in the academic literature that entrepreneurs share common traits, there has been limited research dedicated to evaluating psychographic profiles of the self-employed. Using the Nominal Group Technique, the authors gleaned insight from a panel of experts in an effort to segment the self-employed based on personality traits and the benefits they receive from an entrepreneurial career. The findings show that self-employed individuals can be classified into four distinct segments: Exemplars, Generals, Moms and Dads, and Altruists. Each group derives different benefits from self-employment. Understanding these benefits can greatly assist entrepreneurship educators and marketers of small …
The Effects Of Prolonged Job Insecurity On The Psychological Well-Being Of Workers, Cynthia Rocha, Jennifer Hause Crowell, Andrea K. Mccarter
The Effects Of Prolonged Job Insecurity On The Psychological Well-Being Of Workers, Cynthia Rocha, Jennifer Hause Crowell, Andrea K. Mccarter
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Job insecurity has been increasing since the 1980s. While researchers have found job insecurity to be negatively associated with multiple indicators of well-being for workers and their families in cross sectional studies, less is known about the long term effects of prolonged job insecurity. Specifically, there is a need to collect measures of both insecurity and its consequences at multiple time periods. The current study followed workers for 3 1/2 years to assess the effects of chronic job insecurity on psychological distress. Results indicate that while workers reported increased feelings of security over time, there were longer term negative effects …
Because A Better World Is Possible: Women Casino Workers, Union Activism And The Creation Of A Just Workplace, Susan Chandler
Because A Better World Is Possible: Women Casino Workers, Union Activism And The Creation Of A Just Workplace, Susan Chandler
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Based on a re-analysis of data from a qualitative study of the work experience of 36 women casino workers, this article examines the contributions and personal characteristics of the 13 women in the sample who described themselves as committed union activists. These women, all leaders in the Hotel Employees, Restaurant Employees Union, were proud that collectively they had improved wages, benefits, and the conditions of work in Nevada casinos, and had created an environment that reinforced pride in a job well-done, provided job security, and promoted strong families and communities. These women's workplace experience serves as a reminder to the …
Organizational Factors Contributing To Worker Frustration: The Precursor To Burnout, Cathleen A. Lewandowski
Organizational Factors Contributing To Worker Frustration: The Precursor To Burnout, Cathleen A. Lewandowski
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This study examined the organizationalf actors that contribute to workers' frustration with their work situation. The sample included 141 service professionals who attended workshops on burnout in 2001. The purpose of the workshops was to increase awareness regarding the organizational factors that could contribute to burnout. Findings indicate that factors most directly affecting clients were predictive of frustration, rather than factors that may indirectly support service quality or factors impacting workers' professional autonomy. A sense of powerlessness and isolation was also predictive of frustration, suggesting that participants viewed workplace problems as a private rather than an organizational concern. To address …
Shift Work And Negative Work-To-Family Spillover, Blanche Grosswald
Shift Work And Negative Work-To-Family Spillover, Blanche Grosswald
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
A representative sample of the U.S. workforce from 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce data (Families & Work Institute, 1999) was examined to study the relationship between shift work and negative workto- family spillover. Negative spillover was measured by Likert-scale frequency responses to questions concerning mood, energy, and time for family as functions of one's job. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests, ANOVAs, and multiple regressions. Among wage earners with families (n = 2,429), shift work showed a significant, strong, positive relationship to high negative work-to-family spillover when controlling for standard demographic characteristics as well as education and occupation. Distinctions among …
Review Of The Making Of The Chinese Industrial Workplace: State, Revolution And Labor Management. Mark W. Frazier. Reviewed By M. K. Lee., M. K. Lee
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
Book review of Mark W. Frazier, The Making of the Chinese Industrial Workplace: State, Revolution and Labor Management. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. $60.00 hardcover.
Trends. Group Psychology And War Planning, Ibpp Editor
Trends. Group Psychology And War Planning, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This Trends article discusses the importance of group dynamics and mood in a war setting.
Personnel Security: Beyond Initial Screening And Selection To Career Aftermath, Ibpp Editor
Personnel Security: Beyond Initial Screening And Selection To Career Aftermath, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article describes Issues pertaining to personnel security in the aftermath of an individual’s career with an organization.
Organizational Demonization: The Fbi As Sinner, Ibpp Editor
Organizational Demonization: The Fbi As Sinner, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article describes several descriptive attributions that might "explain" the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) not providing all available information relevant to criminal cases to parties legally authorized to receive such information.
Psychology And Missile Defense: Again Rising Like A Phoenix, Ibpp Editor
Psychology And Missile Defense: Again Rising Like A Phoenix, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article identifies several psychological Issues bearing on the latest ballistic missile defense policies of the United States Government.
Trends. Banning Espionage, Ibpp Editor
Trends. Banning Espionage, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article discusses the psychological aspects of the idea of banning espionage as presented in an article in SECRECY NEWS from the Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy.
More Spy Games: A Problem With Credibility Of Sources For Counterintelligence And Personnel Security, Ibpp Editor
More Spy Games: A Problem With Credibility Of Sources For Counterintelligence And Personnel Security, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article identifies implications of recent meta-evaluations of psychological assessment methods for attempts at identifying individuals who are committing treason or otherwise violating security policies.
Query From An Ibpp Reader: The Nature Of Time In Organizations, Ibpp Editor
Query From An Ibpp Reader: The Nature Of Time In Organizations, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article responds to an IBPP reader's query about time in organizations--viz., time limits (or lack thereof) for positions in organizations, time length of incumbency for such positions, and number of times on can be re-elected or otherwise chosen for an organizational position.
The Politics Of Industrial/Organizational Psychology And The Myers Briggs Type Indicator: What Is Jungian About A Jungian Approach?, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article analyzes the most common contribution stemming from a variant of analytic (Jungian) psychology as applied to prescriptions and proscriptions for industries and organizations. The contribution, viz., a personality typological theory, may have lost its "Jungness" through the application.
Trends. A Contrarian View: Admiral Jeremiah And The United States Intelligence Community, Ibpp Editor
Trends. A Contrarian View: Admiral Jeremiah And The United States Intelligence Community, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The author discusses the Jeremiah Intelligence Report on the Intelligence Community's performance.
How Standards And Accountability Lead To Safety And Security Violations At Nuclear Weapons Plants, Ibpp Editor
How Standards And Accountability Lead To Safety And Security Violations At Nuclear Weapons Plants, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article describes some counterintuitive consequences of instituting safety standards and accountability practices at nuclear weapons plants.
Psychopolitics Of International Crime: An Introduction, Ibpp Editor
Psychopolitics Of International Crime: An Introduction, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This paper posits psychological consequences of international organized crime.
Sex As A Military Weapon, Ibpp Editor
Sex As A Military Weapon, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
Disagreements about military personnel policies on sexuality may be based on the wrong criteria.
Mountain Goat Removal In Olympic National Park: A Case Study Of The Role Of Organizational Culture In Individual Risk Decisions And Behavior, Seth Tuler, Gary E. Machlis, Roger E. Kasperson
Mountain Goat Removal In Olympic National Park: A Case Study Of The Role Of Organizational Culture In Individual Risk Decisions And Behavior, Seth Tuler, Gary E. Machlis, Roger E. Kasperson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Using a case study, the authors explore the mediating role of organizational culture in individual Risk-taking decisions and behaviors. They argue that organizational culture can establish unique conditions that lead to highly reliable performance of high-Risk, undesired tasks. The authors also discuss the need for further research and its implications for Risk management.