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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Labor Economics
Yearly Changes In Education Expenditure And Changes In Student Performance, Dale A. Manzo
Yearly Changes In Education Expenditure And Changes In Student Performance, Dale A. Manzo
Undergraduate Economic Review
Using data from the state of Florida in the 2000s, we dispute the findings of the Coleman report. We find that there is a positive relationship between changes in expenditure per pupil and changes in academic performance. This study takes advantage of changes in expenditure resulting from the Great Recession to formulate a quasi-experimental analysis of the relationship between expenditure per pupil and academic performance. Our conclusion is consistent with the theory of decreasing marginal returns to expenditure on education.
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century, Leonardo Cavedagne
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century, Leonardo Cavedagne
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper assesses how changes in labor productivity from the rise of industrialization impacted total, personal, and corporate income per capita at the state level from 1899-1940. Using hand-collected data from the Statistics of Income Report and the Statistical Abstract of the United States, we conduct OLS regressions and find a significant and positive relationship between labor productivity and our dependent variables. Personal income recorded the highest coefficient, demonstrating workers benefiting the most from increasing labor productivity. This finding allows for exploration into equitable income growth, as the growth in income benefits the workers more than large capital owners.
Labor Market Monopsony And Wage Inequality: Evidence From Online Labor Market Vacancies, Samuel I. Thorpe
Labor Market Monopsony And Wage Inequality: Evidence From Online Labor Market Vacancies, Samuel I. Thorpe
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper estimates the effects of employer labor market power on wage inequality in the United States. I find that inequality as measured by interdecile range is 23.7% higher in perfectly monopsonistic labor markets than in perfectly competitive markets, even when controlling for commuting zone and occupation fixed effects. I also decompose these results into 50/10 and 90/50 ratios, finding much larger impacts on inequality among low earners. These results suggest that monopsony power has significant and policy-relevant impacts on wage inequality, and particularly harms the lowest earning subsets of the labor force.
Professor Seeborg Says Covid Drives Retirements, But It's Not Best Time For Everyone, Dana Vollmer
Professor Seeborg Says Covid Drives Retirements, But It's Not Best Time For Everyone, Dana Vollmer
Interviews for WGLT
On average, about 2 million people retire annually, but the Pew Research Center reports for 2020 that figure is already more than 3.2 million. Emeritus Professor of Ecconomics Mike Seeborg said that's a major reversal in the prior trend of delaying retirement, and talks about what's driving this change with WGLT's Dana Vollmer.
Affirmative Action And Mismatch: Evidence From Statewide Affirmative Action Bans, Leon Ren
Affirmative Action And Mismatch: Evidence From Statewide Affirmative Action Bans, Leon Ren
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper empirically evaluates the mismatch hypothesis by exploiting the quasi-experimental variation in the adoption of statewide affirmative action bans. Specifically, this paper examines the effect of such bans on minority graduation rates using a difference-in-difference, synthetic control, and triple-difference approach. My results suggest that statewide affirmative action bans are associated with an increase in minority graduation rates, consistent with the mismatch hypothesis, at highly selective institutions. Moreover, mismatch effects are not confined to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors. JEL Codes: I28, J15
Effects Of Minimum Wage Increase On Employment In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Korea, Hyunah Kim
Effects Of Minimum Wage Increase On Employment In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Korea, Hyunah Kim
Undergraduate Economic Review
In Korea, where SMEs dominantly provide most of the jobs in labor market, how SMEs respond to an increase in the minimum wage in terms of employment can be a critical factor of job provision in Korean labor market. This paper mainly examines the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment in SMEs in Korea by using a difference-in-differences methodology, and finds that raising the minimum wage has on average significantly reduced total employment in all sizes of SMEs relative to large enterprises. The finding in this paper suggests that raising the minimum wage rate may incur loss of …
Effect Of Unemployment Length On Employment Expectations, Kamyar Kamyar
Effect Of Unemployment Length On Employment Expectations, Kamyar Kamyar
Undergraduate Economic Review
Unemployment often has devastating effects on individuals -- both in financial and psychological terms. Depending on the type and category of unemployment, its length varies; and as its length increases it may implement biased thought in individuals’ predictions regarding future employment. This paper’s primary purpose is to measure and discuss how the time length that one has been unemployed for affects his or her expectations on his or her own short-term possibility of employment. The results suggest a strong opposite link between one’s prediction of future employment and the same person’s prior unemployment period. This paper was originally written in …
Effects Of Relative Position On Success In Dancing Competitions - Lessons For Discrimination In Recruitment Processes, Jan P. Ringling
Effects Of Relative Position On Success In Dancing Competitions - Lessons For Discrimination In Recruitment Processes, Jan P. Ringling
Undergraduate Economic Review
This article argues that there exists a further reason for discrimination beside taste and statistics, based on cognitive bias in the human thought process. The order in which one appears to recruiters in the hiring process also influences the chances of being hired in a non-linear way. When the characteristics of particular groups of people correlate with their order in which they appear in the hiring process, they stand a higher or lower chance of being hired. Preliminary evidence based on the results of the United Kingdom’s largest student dancing competition supports this hypothesis, but finds only a …
Poverty And Labor Force Participation Across Metropolitan Philadelphia, Zachary J. Porreca
Poverty And Labor Force Participation Across Metropolitan Philadelphia, Zachary J. Porreca
Undergraduate Economic Review
This study utilizes data drawn from municipalities across the Philadelphia metropolitan area to examine trends in poverty amongst communities.While some research has been done on urban and rural poverty, this paper seeks to fill the gap in literature regarding poverty across the subksnurban and metropolitan landscape. A multiple regression model is specified, so as to provide an in depth analysis of observed trends. The central hypothesis that a relationship exists between poverty and labor force participation is tested and affirmed. The implication of this finding, as well as auxiliary findings, are explored and expanded upon. Recommendations are made for more …
The Relationship Between College Expansion And Income Inequality, Aidan J. Wang
The Relationship Between College Expansion And Income Inequality, Aidan J. Wang
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper examines the relationship between college expansion and income inequality within a country. Researchers have identified a “composition effect,” “compression effect,” and “dispersion effect.” However, the shape and magnitude of the net relationship remains unclear. I construct a country panel using inequality data from the World Inequality Database and college share data from Barro and Lee. From 0% to 27% college share, the bottom 50% and middle 40% income shares decrease linearly while the top 10% income share increases linearly. The trend shape holds for a sample of only OECD countries, but the magnitude changes, suggesting country-specific factors matter.
Belgium’S 2008 Recentralization Of Wage-Setting Mechanisms And The Decentralization-Unit Labor Costs-Net Exports Link: Chronicle Of A Death Foretold?, Ines Pedro Fernandes
Belgium’S 2008 Recentralization Of Wage-Setting Mechanisms And The Decentralization-Unit Labor Costs-Net Exports Link: Chronicle Of A Death Foretold?, Ines Pedro Fernandes
Undergraduate Economic Review
Anchored on scholarly literature on international competitiveness and the classical definition of competitiveness as net exports, policy making institutions support decentralized wage-setting mechanisms. The rationale is that decentralized wage-setting systems lower wages and unit labor costs (ULC) and, therefore, increase net exports. This paper contains a literature review on the wage-setting–ULC–net exports link and challenges conventional rationales by examining the co-evolution of Belgium’s real wages and net exports across wage percentiles and sectors. Belgium is a case in point, since the country experienced both increasing real wages and increasing net exports after recentralizing wage-setting mechanisms in 2008.
Sleep, Salary, And Successful Occupational Negotiation: Evidence From A Labor Market Survey, Jerrick Tram, Philip Wesley Routon
Sleep, Salary, And Successful Occupational Negotiation: Evidence From A Labor Market Survey, Jerrick Tram, Philip Wesley Routon
Undergraduate Economic Review
We examine the relationship between sleep and wages and then ask a follow-up question: might occupational negotiation be one intermediate factor? That is, are workers of a certain sleep pattern more likely to successfully (re)negotiate the terms of their employment? Popular press, non-economic research articles, self-help guides, and websites often purport relationships between sleep patterns and one's ability to successfully negotiate. Results point to sleeping hours having a statistically significant, positive, and strong relationship with both salary and successful negotiation, though the latter relationship is only apparent for workers in about their 4th or 5th year on the job.
Female Labour Force Participation And The Prices Of Household Durable Goods: A Philippine Study, Kyle N. Mitschiener, Vanessa T. Siy Van
Female Labour Force Participation And The Prices Of Household Durable Goods: A Philippine Study, Kyle N. Mitschiener, Vanessa T. Siy Van
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper investigated whether a decrease in the prices of household durable goods increases the Female Labour Force Participation (FLFP) in the Philippines. The paper used the theoretical model of Pirani, Leon, and Lugauers (2010), who theorized that a decrease in the prices of household appliances would increase FLFP due to their time being freed up for non-household tasks. To study this, the regression model of Cavalcanti and Tavares (2008) was used to test the hypothesis. The results of this paper were consistent with the theoretical and empirical results from the two models.
Measuring Health Outcomes Of Uncovered Employment: A Study Of Income, Social Mobility, Equality, And Health Indicators In An Under-Looked Segment Of The Labor Force, Zakariya Kmir
Undergraduate Economic Review
Economists have strongly supported the idea that unemployment causes many undesirable health outcomes. However, how does belonging to a different sector of employment tied closely to changes in minimum wage and inflation relate to overall health? To properly understand the numerical significance of health disparities in the uncovered sector of employment, this research is targeted at quantifying the relationship between the insured and non-insured within the uncovered sector. By substantiating the existence of severe health disparities as a function of the labor force dynamic, this research subsequently estimates the amount of inefficiency and negative health outcomes in the US economy …
Is There Really A Foreign Language Premium In Canada?: Evaluating The Foreign Language Effect On Canadian Wages, Peter C. Ki
Is There Really A Foreign Language Premium In Canada?: Evaluating The Foreign Language Effect On Canadian Wages, Peter C. Ki
Undergraduate Economic Review
Given the debates on whether knowing a foreign language has a positive or negative effect on wages, there is little or no research conducted on how it fares in Canada, despite extensive studies on French and English. Using the Public Use Microdata Files of the 2011 National Household Survey by Statistics Canada, I find a 2.84% wage penalty for Canadians who know a foreign language and an even greater penalty for Canadians who use these languages at work. I proceed to decompose the results by language and occupation to find varying results. I also attempt to use a religion proxy …
The Economic Efficacy Of Reintegration Assistance For Former Child Soldiers, Jonathan B. Kaufmann
The Economic Efficacy Of Reintegration Assistance For Former Child Soldiers, Jonathan B. Kaufmann
Undergraduate Economic Review
There is no consensus among scholars on the efficacy of reintegration assistance programs, including how their services affect reintegration outcomes. This research is the first statistical analysis of the economic impacts of reintegration assistance for former child soldiers. Several regression analyses were performed to determine the effect of reintegration assistance on earnings and social capital. The results indicate that no statistically significant relationship exists between reintegration assistance and earnings or social capital. Conversely, societal interventions such as increasing access to education and promoting traditional cleansing ceremonies were effective.
Examining The Afqt As A Proxy For Human Capital, Jaret L. Kanarek
Examining The Afqt As A Proxy For Human Capital, Jaret L. Kanarek
Undergraduate Economic Review
I examine whether the Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) is a suitable proxy for human capital skills by testing the hypothesis that those factors most germane to human capital skills acquisition will most affect AFQT score. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth and OLS regression analysis, I find that strict and loose human capital factors are robust determinants of AFQT score, and thus the AFQT is a suitable proxy for human capital skills. However, its use as such requires specification that the AFQT is not a catchall for human capital factors, as it is significantly related …
The Unseen Cost Of Lowering Labor Market Flexibility On Higher Education Market: Evidence From Cross-Sectional Data From Oecd, Hansol Kim
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper attempts to determine the unseen consequences of lowering labor market flexibility and its impact on individuals’ demand for higher education by using standard OLS multiple regression analysis and cross-sectional data. I examine the independent variables that are theorized to increase the percentage of college diplomas attained in the market. Independent variables are chosen based on what has been studied in the prior literature. This study finds that labor market flexibility has a positive correlation with the percentage of adult population who have a higher education diploma. The results of this study suggest that individuals’ demand for higher education …
The Spanish Export Led Recovery, David Wagner
The Spanish Export Led Recovery, David Wagner
Undergraduate Economic Review
I researched the export-led recovery currently taking place in Spain. My thesis revolved around Mariano Rajoy and the Popular Party coming into power in 2011 and instituting reforms in three distinct categories; financial market reforms, fiscal measures, and labor market reforms. These reforms have had a significant impact in restoring credibility in Spain's capital markets and decreasing unit labor costs. In turn, Spain has shown impressive export growth in the past two years, especially compared to its neighbors Italy and France.
Can Human Capital Explain The Difference In Private Health Insurance Coverage Rates Between Natives And Immigrants?, Benjamin S. White
Can Human Capital Explain The Difference In Private Health Insurance Coverage Rates Between Natives And Immigrants?, Benjamin S. White
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper investigates how human capital variables, especially educational attainment and health disability, affect an immigrant’s probability to have private health insurance. Specifically, is there a convergence to natives’ coverage rates for immigrants as human capital is controlled for? Two probit regressions are used to answer this question, one to analyze the employer provided health insurance market and another to analyze privately purchased health insurance market. The principle finding is that human capital variables are important in determining access to private health insurance. However, a health insurance coverage differential does remain between immigrants and natives.
The Effects Of Background Factors On Afqt Score, Jaret Kanarek
The Effects Of Background Factors On Afqt Score, Jaret Kanarek
Honors Projects
The introduction of the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth (NLSY) 1979 and 1997 cohorts made Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) score data widely available and has thus dramatically increased its use in academic research. However, there is strong evidence that a wide variety of background factors, such as poverty status, race, and parent’s education level, affect AFQT score. Human capital theory, in conjunction with the pathways framework, suggests that these background factors have both direct and indirect effects on AFQT score. The focus of this research is measuring some of the important direct and indirect pathways through which background …
Employment Protection And Income Inequality: Is There A Role For The Informal Sector?, Eleni Gkinni, Eleni Vasilaki
Employment Protection And Income Inequality: Is There A Role For The Informal Sector?, Eleni Gkinni, Eleni Vasilaki
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper seeks to examine the effect of employment protection on income inequality. By employing the employment protection data developed by Botero et al. (2004) as well as well established measures of economic inequality for a sample of 83 countries, our analysis suggests that increased employment protection is negatively associated with income inequality. This relationship remains highly robust across several different specifications and estimation methods. In addition, our analysis places the spotlight on the role of the informal economy and investigates how the presence of informal sector may affect the above mentioned relationship. Our results suggest that in the presence …
Youth Aptitude As A Predictor Of Adulthood Income, Jaret Kanarek
Youth Aptitude As A Predictor Of Adulthood Income, Jaret Kanarek
Undergraduate Economic Review
I examine the relationship between youth aptitude and adulthood income. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1979 cohort and OLS regression analysis, I test the hypothesis that a higher 1981 Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) score is directly related to a higher income in 2010, ceteris paribus. First, a single regression equation is run for educational attainment subgroups at the time of taking the AFQT. Second, a regression equation including total lifetime educational attainment, and one that excludes it, are run to examine potential co-linearity between AFQT score and educational attainment. The results show that AFQT is significant …
Analysis Of The Temporary Immigrant Labor Market On Information Technology Occupations, Katelyn Rowley
Analysis Of The Temporary Immigrant Labor Market On Information Technology Occupations, Katelyn Rowley
Honors Projects
An important recent labor market trend is the rapid increase in the number of immigrants employed in the information technology sector who have temporary worker status. The dual labor market theory suggests that temporary immigrant workers will be affected more adversely than native workers during a recession. This study uses OLS regression models to predict wages and employment levels (through usual hours worked) in information technology (IT) occupations as a function of immigration status, education level, age, gender, the recession and a set of interactive terms. The results from this study unexpectedly show that employment of native workers in IT …
Immigrants, Medicaid, And The Deficit Reduction Act, Nicholas T. Fritsch
Immigrants, Medicaid, And The Deficit Reduction Act, Nicholas T. Fritsch
Undergraduate Economic Review
This study examines the effects of the Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) on immigrant Medicaid participation using data from the 2005 and 2007 March supplements of the Current Population Survey. The DRA made changes to Medicaid coverage laws by requiring proof of citizenship for eligibility rather than a sworn statement, as was the case prior to the DRA, thus reducing the non-citizen/non-legal permanent resident use of Medicaid. A difference-in-difference methodology is used, and the research finds that the laws were effective in decreasing non-citizen use of Medicaid relative to citizens, though there is a possibility of “chilling effects” on eligible non-citizens.
Economics Of Salary Dispersion In The National Basketball Association, Daniel Schouten
Economics Of Salary Dispersion In The National Basketball Association, Daniel Schouten
Honors Projects
The purpose of this study is to discover the optimal amount of salary dispersion for an NBA team and the affect that dispersion has on team wins and revenue. The optimal amount of salary dispersion could be different for teams that want to maximize wins and teams that want to maximize revenue. For the purpose of this study, five different measures of salary dispersion are utilized to most effectively understand the effects. Empirical models are constructed and OLS regressions employed using cross-sectional data from the 2006-07 NBA season through the 2010-11 season to understand the relationship. The empirical evidence supports …
Returns From Self-Employment: Using Human Capital Theory To Compare U.S. Natives And Immigrants, Nikola Popovic
Returns From Self-Employment: Using Human Capital Theory To Compare U.S. Natives And Immigrants, Nikola Popovic
Undergraduate Economic Review
The focus of this paper is to examine the economic returns from self-employment when comparing natives and immigrants. I hypothesize that returns from self-employment will increase with age and education, and that immigrants from China, India, and the Philippines will have higher returns while immigrants from Mexico will have lower returns than natives. I also hypothesize that immigrants with high levels of education will earn more than natives with the same amount of education. The OLS regressions show that human capital variables explain the differences in self-employed income between natives and immigrants, as the literature suggests.
The Effects Of Marital Status & Gender On Health Care Insurance Coverage In The United States, Jessica S. T. Kong
The Effects Of Marital Status & Gender On Health Care Insurance Coverage In The United States, Jessica S. T. Kong
Honors Projects
Having health insurance is a crucial factor for many to sustain life in America. This study examines the demographic determinants of health care coverage within the United States with a focus on how gender and marital status influence the likelihood of having health insurance. Using the human capital theory and the theory of statistical discrimination, it is predicted that married females will have a higher probability of being insured than divorced and separated females. Also, divorced males are predicted to have a higher probability of coverage than divorced females. The data for this research is retrieved from the United States …
Intergenerational Transfer Of Human Capital Among Immigrant Families, Kelsey Hample
Intergenerational Transfer Of Human Capital Among Immigrant Families, Kelsey Hample
Honors Projects
While immigrants in the United States tend to earn less than comparable natives, their children close the earnings gap. The purpose of this study is to determine how differences in intergenerational transfer of human capital between immigrant families and native families affect different earning outcomes for respondents of each group. Specifically, this study uses a human capital framework to analyze both the direct effect of parental education on respondent earnings and the indirect effect on earnings by first affecting respondent education, which in turn affects respondent earnings. Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth allows background variables within …
An Analysis Of The Impact Of Team Payroll On Regular Season And Postseason Success In Major League Baseball, Noah L. Schwartz, Jason M. Zarrow
An Analysis Of The Impact Of Team Payroll On Regular Season And Postseason Success In Major League Baseball, Noah L. Schwartz, Jason M. Zarrow
Undergraduate Economic Review
Major League Baseball, like other American professional sports, has become a multibillion dollar industry. The institution of free agency has led to the escalation of payrolls and altered the make-up of rosters by dramatically reducing owners’ monopsony power. The ability of large market clubs such as the New York Yankees to compete continually for the game’s greatest prize illustrates the power of the dollar. This paper examines four distinct periods from 1977 to 2008 in order to assess the influence of pecuniary advantages on regular season and postseason outcomes. Payroll exerts great influence in the regular season, but not in …