Economics Commons^™

People Adrift: Migration And Development (In Dutch), Free University, Amsterdam, Henk Lm Kox, Ko Heins

Henk LM Kox

People adrift is an edited volume that offers a rich perspective on migration and development. The introductory chapter by both editors provides an analytic survey of the major issues and their relations. The ten next chapters deal with migration motives, economic mechanisms, environmental issues, social and economic impacts on regions, relation with refugee flows and immigration barriers.

Estimating Economic Impacts From Tourism, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Deyong Zhou, John Yanagida, Pingsun Leung

Ujjayant Chakravorty

Economists have traditionally used input-output (IO) analysis to examine the impacts of tourism on the economy of a region. This paper introduces a relatively new and alternative technique, computable general equilibrium (CGE). The two approaches are compared and then used to analyze, as an illustration, the impacts on Hawaii’s economy from a reduction in visitor expenditure. The study concludes that the results of the IO model are similar in magnitude to those of the CGE model but generally higher and that sectors closely associated with tourism exhibit the largest effects. The ability to account for inter-sectoral resource flows is a …

Un Modelo De Equilibrio General Dinámico Del Impuesto Al Activo, Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Un Modelo De Equilibrio General Dinámico Del Impuesto Al Activo, Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Technological Specialization And Economic Performance In Oecd Countries, Mario Pianta, Valentina Meliciani

Mario Pianta

The paper investigates the growing sectoral specialization in technological activities of OECD countries (measured using patent data) and its impact on countries' innovative and economic performance in the 1975-1990 period. Aggregate indicators of sectoral specialization are introduced, showing the extent to which countries concentrate their innovations in few fields, or spread them across several sectors. A general positive relationship is found between the degree of specialization in technology and higher rates of growth, while specialization in electronics-related fields is not associated to better economic or technological performances. The position of individual countries in these patterns is also examined, showing that …

Measuring Technological Change Through Patents And Innovation Surveys, Mario Pianta, Daniele Archibugi

Mario Pianta

This article provides an overview of recent research using innovation surveys and patent data as indicators of technological activity. The conceptual and methodological problems of 'measuring' technology are discussed, with a classification of the types of information which can be drawn from patent databases and from surveys of both innovations and the innovative efforts of firms. The findings and the methodological strengths and weaknesses of such studies are reviewed, considering first the evidence at the firm level, second the analysis of the industrial structure and finally the evidence at the country level and the process of globalization. The overview shows …

Aggregate Convergence And Sectoral Specialization In Innovation, Mario Pianta, Daniele Archibugi

Mario Pianta

Over the last 20 years OECD countries have converged in terms of their innovation, in parallel to the process of economic convergence and catching-up in technology. However, this has not led to a similarity in the sectoral strenghts of the majority of countries. Applying a measure of "technological distance" between pairs of countries based on patents, it is shown that nations have increased their technological specialization (i.e their sectoral differences) over the 1980s. An apparent paradox is pointed out, as countries converge by becoming more different and grow by becoming more specialized.

Industrial Restructuring And Women's Homework In Appalachia: Lessons From West Virginia, Ann M. Oberhauser

Ann Oberhauser

Specialization And Size Of Technological Activities In Industrial Countries: The Analysis Of Patent Data, Mario Pianta, Daniele Archibugi

Mario Pianta

The determinants and directton of the technological specialization of advanced countries are investtgated in thus paper using patent counts and citations as technology indicators.

Who Benefits From State And Local Economic Development Policies?, Timothy Bartik

Timothy J. Bartik

Bartik reviews evidence on whether state and local policies affect job growth. He then presents empirical data supporting the intentions of such programs, showing that job growth may lead to a number of positive long-term effects including: lower unemployment, higher labor force participation, higher real estate values, and better occupational opportunities. He also shows that the earnings gains to disadvantaged groups outweigh the resulting increased real estate values for property owners, and concludes by saying that regional competition for jobs may actually be a benefit for the nation as a whole.

Efficient Spatial Allocation Of Irrigation Water, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, James Roumasset

Ujjayant Chakravorty

In the presence of conveyance losses, the efficient quantity of water applied falls with distance from the water source, but the amount of water "sent" (including conveyance losses) actually increases with distance from the source, except toward the tail end of the irrigation system. This implies that if marginal cost pricing were implemented, farmers at the middle and lower reaches of the system would have to pay more money for less water received. The model is illustrated and alternative financing schemes compared for an empirically derived demand function for irrigation water.

Africa's External Debt In Perspective, Asayehgn Desta

Asayehgn Desta

Regional Choice And Economic History, Robert L. Sexton

Robert L Sexton

No abstract provided.

The Critical Wage, Unemployment Duration, And Wage Expectations: The Case Of Chile, A. Studenmund, Sholeh Maani

A. H. Studenmund

This study tests the relevance of the job search model to understanding unemployment in developing countries by utilizing a 1982 data set describing unemployed men in Chile. The findings indicate that the model is relevant to a developing country: the job seekers studied based their critical wages on their perceptions of their own productivity, economic resources, and search costs, and they reduced their wage requirements as the duration of their unemployment increased. The authors also show, in the first direct test of this question, that the critical wage and the expected wage are determined jointly and that the expected wage …

The Effect Of The Alternative Regional Delineations On Historical Interpretation: U.S. Manufacturing In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Robert L. Sexton

Robert L Sexton

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of The Alternative Regional Delineations On Historical Interpretation: U.S. Manufacturing In The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Robert L. Sexton

Robert L Sexton

No abstract provided.

Overurbanization And Its Relation To Economic Growth For Less Developed Countries, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton

Robert L Sexton

This paper does not have an abstract but examines the role of urbanization and over-urbanization in economic growth and decline in the developing world.

Overurbanization And Its Relation To Economic Growth For Less Developed Countries, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton

Robert L Sexton

This paper does not have an abstract but examines the role of urbanization and over-urbanization in economic growth and decline in the developing world.