Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

War, Forced Displacement And Growth In Laotian Adults, Patrick F. Clarkin

Patrick F. Clarkin

Background: Evidence from several populations suggests

that war negatively impacts civilian nutrition, physical growth and overall health. This effect is often enduring or permanent, particularly if experienced early in life.

Aim: To assess whether the number of lifetime displacement

experiences and being displaced in infancy were associated with adult height, sitting height, leg length and the sitting height ratio.

Subjects and methods: Retrospective questionnaires on

displacement and resettlement experiences and

anthropometric data were collected from a sample of Laotian adult refugees (ethnic Hmong and Lao; n ¼ 365). All were born in Laos or Thailand and had resettled in French …

[Review Of The Book Forecasting Retirement Needs And Retirement Wealth], Gary Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] This volume enables researchers to learn about some of the latest research findings on specific issues. It is not the place to seek an introduction to current thinking on retirement, pensions, and Social Security—the papers are too narrowly focused for that. But for current or would-he pension specialists, this volume and the larger series of which it is a part are indispensable resources.

A Subjective Evaluation Of Attitudes Towards E-Health, S. Banna, Helen Hasan, J. Meloche

Helen Hasan

E-health, the provision of healthcare services via the Internet, has the potential to address the limited capacity of the healthcare system and thereby improve health outcomes. While there is considerable development of e-health services in practice, research in this important area often lags practice and takes a restricted view of user needs. The study presented in this paper undertakes a holistic evaluation of perceptions of e-health services and tools by addressing the activities of diverse stakeholders from healthcare practitioners to the general public. The research uses Q-methodology to explore the opportunities, challenges, barriers, and potential benefits of e-health to guide …

A Theory Of Socioeconomic Disparities In Health, Titus Galama

Titus Galama

Detailed understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the substantial socioeconomic disparities in health is necessary to design policies effective in reducing those disparities. This requires a unifying theory of socioeconomic status and health, which is currently absent. This thesis in economics aims to develop, in several steps, a theoretical framework of disparities in health by socioeconomic status over the life cycle, using economic principles and founded in health capital theory. The first part of this thesis addresses several serious technical issues with life-cycle models of health, medical care, and socioeconomic status. The second part presents the theoretical framework.

Editors' Introduction - Public Service: Law Enforcement, Environmentalism And Health, Andrew I.E. Ewoh, Tony Carrizales

Andrew I.E. Ewoh

The Journal of Public Management and Social Policy, beginning its sixteenth volume, aims to continue bringing together a collection of articles and research that review polices and cases underscoring the area of social policy and management throughout the United States and around the world. The issue’s contributors provide contemporary analyses of public management and social policies in areas ranging from perceptions of diversity and law enforcement to health care policy and issues. The issue brings together four general articles, and a book review to begin the first issue in this sixteenth volume of JPMSP.

Retirement Effects On Health In Europe, Norma Coe, Gema Zamarro

Gema Zamarro

What are the health impacts of retirement? As talk of raising retirement ages in pensions and social security schemes continues around the world, it is important to know both the costs and benefits for the individual as well as the governments’ budgets. In this paper we use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset to address this question in a multi-country setting. We use country-specific early and full retirement ages as an instrument for retirement behavior. These statutory retirement ages clearly induce retirement, but are not related to an individual’s health. Exploiting the discontinuities in retirement …

A Contribution To Health Capital Theory, Titus Galama

Titus Galama

I present a theory of the demand for health, health investment and longevity, building on the human capital framework for health and addressing limitations of existing models. I predict a negative correlation between health investment and health, that the health of wealthy and educated individuals declines more slowly and that they live longer, that current health status is a function of the initial level of health and the histories of prior health investments made, that health investment rapidly increases near the end of life and that length of life is finite as a result of limited life-time resources (the budget …

A Theory Of Socioeconomic Disparities In Health Over The Life Cycle, Titus Galama, Hans Van Kippersluis

Titus Galama

Understanding of the substantial disparity in health between low and high socioeconomic status (SES) groups is hampered by the lack of a sufficiently comprehensive theoretical framework to interpret empirical facts and to predict yet untested relations. We present a life-cycle model that incorporates multiple mechanisms explaining (jointly) a large part of the observed disparities in health by SES. In our model, lifestyle factors, working conditions, retirement, living conditions and curative care are mechanisms through which SES, health and mortality are related. Our model predicts a widening and possibly a subsequent narrowing with age of the gradient in health by SES.

A Cross-Country Analysis Of The Risk Factors For Depression At The Micro And Macro Level, Maximo Rossi, Natalia Melgar

Maximo Rossi

Depression is one of the most widespread mental illnesses that affect people worldwide for very divergent reasons. The relevance of investigating what are the factors that facilitate depression are twofold: 1) its strong impact on the quality of life and happiness and 2) the possibility of identifying risk groups. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) projected that depression was expected to be the first disorder in the developed word by 2020. In 2003, the WHO estimated that the overall cost of mental disorders accounted for between three and four percent of Gross Domestic Product. WHO (2007) stated that depression …

The Echoes Of War: Effects Of Early Malnutrition On Adult Health., Patrick F. Clarkin

Patrick F. Clarkin

No abstract provided.

Estudio Sobre El Comportamiento Y Salud En Los Jóvenes Escolares De La República Dominicana: Resultados De 2009, Juan B. Peña, Elián P. Cabrera-Nguyen, Diana Chaves, Rosa Fernández

Elián P. Cabrera-Nguyen

This scientific report on risk behaviors among adolescents in the Dominican Republic (DR) was prepared for the DR Ministry of Education. The study used a stratified cluster design of public high schools in the DR with sample weights. The questionnaire included items from the 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Results of this nationally representative survey were presented to a delegation from the DR Ministry of Education at Washington University's Brown School. This report was also presented at the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo. Dr. Juan Peña, assistant professor at Washington University's Brown School, was the PI and is listed as …

Salud Y Felicidad En Uruguay, Maximo Rossi, Todd Jewell, Mariana Gerstenblüth

Maximo Rossi

In this paper we study the relationship between individual happiness and self reported health status, using the Religion, Health and Young Emancipation ISSP survey for Uruguay in 2008. Probit estimates suggests that health status has the highest correlation with happiness. In order to control for the observed heterogeneity of this variable, we estimate using matching methods. Results show that reporting a good health rises the probability of being happy between 18 an 29 percentage points. Previous literature support this findings.

Just One Act Of Kindness From Your Heart Can Make Us All Feel Great Forever, Emmanuel Mario B. Santos Aka Marc Guerrero, Marvin Myles S. Santos (Art Director)

Emmanuel Mario B Santos aka Marc Guerrero

Page 1, Cover. Page 2, About theINSTITUTE, in a few words. Page 3, Philippine SEC, DSWD, BIR, PCNC. Page 4, Quadro Programs. Page 5, Medical research and other Mission, Vision and Core Values of theFOUNDATION. Page 6, Contact us. Page 7, Membership, Fundraising, Programming, Advocacy and International Partnership, and How to donate in 9 ways. Page 8, Paying forward and how to partner with us.

Grossman’S Missing Health Threshold, Titus Galama, Arie Kapteyn

Titus Galama

We present a generalized solution to Grossman’s model of health capital (1972), relaxing the widely used assumption that individuals can adjust their health stock instantaneously to an “optimal” level without adjustment costs. The Grossman model then predicts the existence of a health threshold above which individuals do not demand medical care. Our generalized solution addresses a significant criticism: the model’s prediction that health and medical care are positively related is consistently rejected by the data. We suggest structural and reduced form equations to test our generalized solution and contrast the predictions of the model with the empirical literature.

Gender Mainstreaming In Social Protection By Vibhuti Patel, Professor Vibhuti Patel

Professor Vibhuti Patel

Gender mainstreaming has become a buzzword in development discourse in the 21st century. The volume under review is a timely publication in the context of the ever increasing pauperisation and immiserisation of millions of people, especially women and children. Naila Kabeer has performed a daunting task in examining the effect of economic globalisation on gender relations for a large majority of the poor around the world and the affirmative actions taken by the nation states.

Factory Farming And Potential Problems In International Trade, Brenda Lutz, James Lutz

James M Lutz

Trade in products from intensive farming of livestock has the potential to lead to disputes, especially as opposition to factory farming on ethical, health, environmental, and developmental grounds has increased. Many European countries currently prohibit livestock agricultural practices that are allowed in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere, thus creating the possibility of international economic conflict. WTO regulations permit the consideration of health and environmental factors as possible causes for placing limitations on imports but not ethical or developmental causes. While the WTO currently does not directly recognize concerns about animal welfare and developmental issues, interest groups and parties emphasizing …

Sonomaworks A Community Health And Welfare Program Evaluation: Moving People From Welfare Dependence To Employment And Independence, Peter Wales

Ned Wales

SonomaWORKS was a ‘welfare to work’ program that was evaluated through grant funding from the US Department of Justice in the late 1990's. The outcomes from the research show some indication of success in moving long term welfare dependant families into full time and part time work. The core objective of this community services program was to improve the quality of life of the participants and encourage participation in the workforce. This policy approach along with other economic rationalisation incentives have been duplicated in other parts of the world in recent years. The evaluation findings on this program highlight the …

Gatekeeper Training For Youth Workers: Impact On Mental Health Help-Seeking And Referral Skill, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

The Youth Empowerment Series (YES!) Workshops (Wilson et al, 2000) were developed to improve gatekeepers' mental health literacy and skills for promoting effective help-seeking and social problem-solving among adolescents and young people. The curent study the skills of those attending the YES! Workshops 9 months after training.

Grossman's Health Threshold And Retirement, Titus Galama, Arie Kapteyn, Raquel Fonseca, Pierre-Carl Michaud

Titus Galama

We formulate a stylized structural model of health, wealth accumulation and retirement decisions building on the human capital framework of health provided by Grossman. We explicitly assume a functional form of the utility function and carefully account for initial conditions, which allow us to derive analytic solutions for the time paths of consumption, health, health investment, savings and retirement. We argue that the Grossman literature has been unnecessarily restrictive in assuming that health is always at Grossman’s “optimal” health level. Exploring the properties of corner solutions we find that advances in population health (health capital) can explain the paradox that …

Poverty And Proximate Barriers To Learning: Vision Deficiencies, Vision Correction And Educational Outcomes In Rural Northwest China, Emily Hannum, Yuping Zhang

Emily C. Hannum

Few studies of educational barriers in developing countries have investigated the role of children’s vision problems, despite the self-evident challenge that poor vision poses to classroom learning and the potential for a simple ameliorative intervention. We address this gap with an analysis of two datasets from Gansu Province, a highly impoverished province in northwest China. One dataset is the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (GSCF, 2000 and 2004), a panel survey of 2,000 children in 100 rural villages; the other is the Gansu Vision Intervention Project (GVIP, 2004), a randomized trial involving 19,185 students in 165 schools in two …

Adiposity And Height Of Adult Hmong Refugees: Relationship With War-Related Early Malnutrition And Later Migration, Patrick Clarkin

Patrick F. Clarkin

This study investigated whether historical proxies for poor nutrition early in life were associated with differences in body composition and height among adult Hmong refugees. Life history and anthropometric data were collected from a sample of 279 Hmong aged 18–51 years who were born in Laos or Thailand and resettled in French Guiana or the United States following the Second Indochina War. Overall, 30.5% were born in a war zone in Laos, while 38.8% were displaced as infants; these individuals were presumed to have experienced malnutrition in the perinatal and infant periods, respectively. Resettlement in urban areas in the US …

Public And Private Expenditures On Health In The Presence Of Inequality And Endogenous Mortality: A Political Economy Perspective, Radhika Lahiri, Elizabeth W. Richardson

Radhika Lahiri

In this paper we study an overlapping-generations model in which agents’ mortality risks, and consequently impatience, are endogenously determined by private and public investment in health care. The proportion of revenues allocated for public health care is also endogenous, determined as the outcome of a voting process. Higher substitutability between public and private health is associated with a “crowding-out” effect which leads to lower public expenditures on health care in the political equilibrium. This in turn impacts on mortality risks and impatience leading to a greater persistence in inequality and long run distributions of wealth that are bimodal.

What Women Want, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon

Peta B. Stapleton

No abstract provided.

What Is Body Image, Peta Stapleton, Terri Sheldon

Peta B. Stapleton

No abstract provided.

Economics: Labor And Health In South Asia By Vibhuti Patel, Professor Vibhuti Patel

Professor Vibhuti Patel

In Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, inferior terms of women’s employment perpetuate their subordination in family and society and impact their health adversely. How women are paid and valued in the fields, factories, and offices has direct bearing on women workers’ status within and outside the workplace. The statistical profile of women’s work in South Asia reveals ahigh maternal mortality rate, adverse sex ratios, low levels of literacy, the highest work participation of women in agriculture, and women’s estimated earned income as less than half that of men, signifying the undervaluation and unpaid nature of women’s productive economic …

Conservation And Development Interventions At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface, Steven A. Osofsky, Sarah Cleaveland, William B. Karesh, Michael D. Kock, Philip J. Nyhus, Lisa Starr, Angela Yang

Philip J. Nyhus

No abstract provided.

Health And Disease In Greece: Past, Present And Future, Anastasia Tsaliki, C. Roberts, C. Bourbou, A. Lagia, S. Triantaphyllou

Dr Anastasia Tsaliki, PhD

No abstract provided.

Food Based Approaches For A Healthy Nutrition In Africa, Mamoudou Hama Dicko

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The latest estimates of the FAO demonstrate the problems of the fight against hunger. These problems are manifested by the ever-increasing number of chronically undernourished people worldwide. Their numbers during the 1999-2001 period were estimated at about 840 million of which 798 million live in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa alone represented 198 million of those. In this part of Africa the prevalence of undernourishment ranges from 5-34%, causing growth retardation and insufficient weight gain among one third of the children under five years of age and resulting in a mortality of 5-15% among these children. Malnutrition resulting from undernourishment is …