Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Study Carrels On The Behavior And Academic Performance Of Distractible Elementary School Children, Robert William Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of study carrels on distractible students. A secondary objective was to determine whether behavioral contrast effects resulted from working in the study carrels. Four third grade and two fifth grade students served as subjects. An ABAB single subject design was employed with the fifth graders. Observers collected data on the subjects' behaviors. During the intervention condition, the subjects did their independent seatwork while seated in a study carrel. To examine for behavioral contrast, data were collected during the period immediately after the students used the carrels.

The study carrels …

An Ethnographic Inquiry Into Social Identity, Social Stratification, And Premature School Withdrawal In A Rural Appalachian School, Anthony P. Cavender

Doctoral Dissertations

This study is concerned with the ascription of pariah student identity and how this possibly relates to the low level of education attainment in rural Appalachia. The informal social organization and educational ethos of a rural school in eastern Tennessee, Rock Hill (k-7), is examined with respect to the school's influence on premature student withdrawal.

Data were collected over an eight month period during which the author employed participant observation and other ethnographic research techniques. In comparison to previous inquiries on educational problems in rural Appalachia, this investigation represents one of the few which have utilized the research methodology of …

National Banking In Knoxville, Tennessee, 1864-1913, James Townsend Campen

Doctoral Dissertations

This is a study of the nine national banks which operated in Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1864 to 1913. The purpose of this study was to determine the major factors influencing the behavior of those banks as they responded to changes in the national regulatory environment and local business conditions. The local banks were compared with one another and with other groups of national banks to discover patterns of acquisition and use of funds. Information about assets and liabilities was obtained from reports made by national banks which were published in local newspapers or by the Comptroller of the Currency, from …

The Averbuch Skeletal Series: A Study Of Biological And Social Stress At A Late Mississippian Period Site From Middle Tennessee, Hugh Edward Berryman

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the biological and social evidence of stress at the Averbuch site (40DV60), a late Mississippian Period Middle Cumberland Culture village from the Nashville Basin in Middle Tennessee. Recent excavation of this site produced one of the largest systematically excavated skeletal series from Tennessee. The majority of burials were recovered from three cemeteries which could be aligned temporally. It was hoped that analysis of this skeletal series would illuminate conditions which contributed to the late prehistoric decline and ultimate disappearance of the Middle Cumberland people from the Nashville area.

A general investigation of …

Psychological Differentiation And Future Time Perspective, John Stewart Durland Iii

Doctoral Dissertations

Witkin's differentiation hypothesis predicts communality in the formal aspects of behavior across diverse psychological areas. The purpose of the present research was to determine to what extent Kastenbaum's dimensions of future time perspective (FTP) are related to Witkin's psychological differentiation (PD) construct.

Experimental data were obtained in two phases. First, 60 undergraduates were administered two tests of PD and four tests of FTP. Based on indexes of PD, the 10 most and 10 least psychologically differentiated subjects were asked to return for further testing. The second phase entailed making unobtrusive observations of temporal behavior during the course of 15-minute structured …

Morphological Changes On The Axillary Border Of The Scapula With Special Reference To The Neandertal Problem, Carol Baratz Dittner-Plasil

Doctoral Dissertations

This study is an effort to determine the causes of the various morphologies of the axillary border of the modern human scapula and to relate the results to the unusual morphology of Neandertal scapulae.

Two-thirds of known Neandertal scapulae exhibit a dorsal sulcus on the axillary border: the remainder have a double sulcus (Chancelade pattern) and only one exhibits a ventral sulcus. The ventral sulcus is predominant on the scapulae of anatomically modern hominids where the Chancelade pattern is also present in varying frequencies.

Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on data derived from skeletal material of five modern human …

A Comparison Of Late Prehistoric Dallas And Overhill Cherokee Subsistence Strategies In The Little Tennessee River Valley, Arthur E. Bogan

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines the late Mississippian Dallas Focus and historic Overhill Cherokee occupations at the archaeological site of Toqua (4OMR6), Monroe County, Tennessee. The faunal remains from the Dallas occupation were subdivided according to two mounds and four village areas to test propositions relevant to the patterning of faunal remains from a chiefdom level society. These propositions were generated from the archaeological correlates of chiefdoms proposed by Peebles and Kuss. The distribution of faunal remains were examined from the floors of two domestic and one special function structures, and it was possible to establish regular patterns of refuse accumulation. The …

The Effect Of Multiple Depth Cues In The Perception Of Occlusion, James William Rhodes

Doctoral Dissertations

The perception of depth in visual displays containing multiple sources of depth information was investigated. A computer graphics system generated randomly textured visual patterns that were presented on a television screen. One half of each pattern moved continuously toward the remaining stationary half. The texture elements of the moving half of the pattern were deleted from view as they contacted the stationary pattern area. This kinetic occlusion of texture elements tended to be perceived as one surface passing behind another. Two experiments were performed in which the depth cues of brightness, texture density, and relative velocity were systematically added to …

Patterns Of Protein-Energy Malnutrition Among Preschoolers In Belize, Carol Lynn Jenkins

Doctoral Dissertations

This study is based on a survey to assess nutritional status among children from birth through 5 years old in Belize, Central America. The survey was conducted in 1979 in two districts, one coastal (Stann Creek) and one inland (Cayo). Four major ethnic groups are represented: the Mestizo, Maya, Creole and Garifuna (Black Carib). Previous studies indicated that early childhood malnutrition is a considerable public health problem in Belize. No anthropometric assessment of protein-energy malnutrition among preschoolers had been conducted. In this project 750 children were measured and their mothers interviewed concerning the feeding patterns and health status of their …

Prehistoric Human Populations And Resource Utilization In Kachemak Bay, Gulf Of Alaska, John Edward Lobdell

Doctoral Dissertations

The prehistory of Kachemak Bay, Gulf of Alaska, was reflected in the rich bioarchaeological and zooarchaeological components. The human skeletal remains provided a base for determinations of population affinities, demographic profiles, and pathologic investigations. Closely related are the nutritional resource remains that indicated the animal species utilized, reliance on selected resources, seasonality of procurement, and the periods of nutritional insufficiency.

Human osteological data indicated an Eskimoid stock with closest relationships to North Pacific Eskimo groups. Population profiles are conditioned by a high child mortality rate, but long life spans, at least in females, were realized. Other than a remarkable case …

The Skeletal Biology Of The Caddo Indians Of The Kaufman-Williams Site, Red River County, Texas, Carol Jackson Loveland

Doctoral Dissertations

A comprehensive biological analysis of the skeletal remains from the Kaufman-Williams site, 41RR16, Red River County, Texas, was conducted. The primary purpose of the investigation was to expand our knowledge about the biological variability found among the prehistoric Caddo. Cranial and postcranial measurements were taken, and indices were calculated. Several non-metrical characters were observed. The health status of the group was assessed based upon the pathological conditions noted in the bones. Cranial deformation was studied in detail, particularly its effect on craniofacial measurements.

A further analysis attempted to relate the skeletal material from the Kaufman-Williams site to Caddoan skeletal samples …

A Cross-Sectional Study Of Height, Weight, And Triceps Skinfold Measurements Of Cherokee Indian Youths Ages 13-17, Ruby Allen Tompkins

Doctoral Dissertations

Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and triceps skinfold were obtained from 266 Eastern Band Cherokee Indian youths ages 13-17. The data were compared to the United States national probability sample from the National Center for Health Statistics (HES), to a sample of American Indians from Minnesota, and to data on Whites from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey. The data were also examined for age, sex, and degree of Indian blood effects.

Differences between the Cherokee and Blacks and Whites from the HES sample were tested by a Bonferroni Post Hoc examination of means. There were no significant differences for height, but …

Selves, Careers, And Relationships Of Never Married Women, Cynthia Sue Burnley

Doctoral Dissertations

The symbolic interactionist perspective provided the general theoretical basis for this exploratory study of the selves, careers, and relationships of never married women. The life careers of adults who are not married were investigated in order to fill a gap in the literature on adult life and to explore the utility of the symbolic interactionist conceptualization of career.

In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 never married women between the ages of 30-40. They were selected through a process of snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview guide was developed for the study.

Individuals have multiple careers with various dimensions (e.g., occupational, familial). …

The Recruitment Of Spirit-Directed-Healers, Marilyn Mckillop Wells

Doctoral Dissertations

The research sought to identify individual and social factors associated with the recruitment of spirit-directed-healers in Sub-Saharan Africa. This type of traditional healer was defined as a person who: 1) elicits and uses spiritual direction and information in the diagnosis and treatment of illness, 2) attributes the ultimate source of his/her healing power to one or more anthropopsychic spirits, and 3) claims to have been called to healing by those spirits. The spirit-directed-healers' decisions, demands, and remedies are legitimized by their source--the directing supernatural entity.

Data gathered through observations and open-ended interviews with four traditional healers who practiced in a …

An Observational Study Of The American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus), Robert Herbert Jordan

Doctoral Dissertations

This study describes the relationship of the human observer to observed black bears (Ursus americanus) , and describes social investigation and autogrooming behavior in black bears and relates these to aspects of chemical communication. The subjects were two pairs of captive black bears kept at separate locations--a male-female pair and a female-female pair, all of approximately the same age. They were sexually immature during most of the study. Both pairs were usually observed on the same days, for comparison. Observations were typically one hour long and behavior was recorded on paper every 30 seconds using a time-sampling technique. …

Studies Of The Behavior Of Gamecocks, Harold Albert Herzog

Doctoral Dissertations

Scientific and popular accounts of cockfighting are reviewed, and cultural and psychological aspects of the sport are examined. Information is presented on breeding and husbandry of gamecocks, fight preparation, rules and types of fights, gambling practices, and legal aspects of cockfighting. The scientific literature on the agonistic behavior of gamecocks, descriptive studies of fighting in chickens and the factors which determine fight outcome.

In Chapter III data recorded at actual cockfights are presented. This includes information on fighting behaviors, fight length, number of "pittings" (rounds) per fight, pitting length, the effect of weight on outcome, and survivorship. Of particular interest …

Dermatoglyphic Variability And Asymmetry Of Patients With Cleft Lip And Cleft Palate, Douglas William Owsley

Doctoral Dissertations

Quantitative dermatoglyphic data for patients with oral-facial clefts and their first degree relatives were compared with controls. The objectives were to define the nature of the differences between those samples and to interpret the differences in terms of developmental processes.

The clinic samples were composed of Caucasian cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients and normal first degree relatives from Knox and surrounding counties in East Tennessee. The control sample consisted of 102 male and 102 female University of Tennessee students and Knoxville children. Specific diagnoses as to cleft type and associated malformations were determined by consulting clinic records. Two diagnostic …

Dermatoglyphics Of University Of Tennessee Students: Effects Of Parental Age And Birth Order, Letitia Lowe Oliveira

Doctoral Dissertations

The effect of parental age and birth order on dermatoglyphic variation was investigated in a sample of 460 phenotypically normal, Caucasian Americans. The sample consisted of students enrolled in introductory physical anthropology classes at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, during 1976-77. Twenty finger ridge counts, interdigital ridge counts, interdigital pattern ridge counts, and ridge width in the a-b area were utilized in this study.

In order to remove intercorrelations among dermatoglyphic variables, the dermatoglyphic data were factor analyzed, fingers and palms separately, for each sex. Twelve factors for fingers and 11 for palms were subjected to varimax rotation, and the …

Delivery Of Community Mental Health Services Through A 5-Session Group Therapy Module, Annie Lee Jones

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore one possible way to facilitate change in low-income groups through the use of a time-limited group therapy program. It was hoped that through the documentation of change with each case in the study it would be shown that change was possible for low-income persons utilizing psychotherapy, especially with realistic assessment of problems and the setting of realistic goals by the client and therapist.

The assessment data was obtained for each case through these instruments: A. Problems Checklist; B. Personal Data Sheet; C. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; D. The Levenson Internal-External Scale; …

A Comparative Investigation Of Fantasy In Normal And Behaviorally Deviant Latency-Aged Boys, Elgan L. Baker

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the fantasies of normal and deviant males between the ages of 8 and 10 in order to determine if systematic differences exist between the two groups. Further, the study attempted to delineate differences between the two deviant subgroups: Withdrawn children and Acting-Out children. The fantasies were examined both in terms of structure and content.

Thirty boys were selected from the Fayette County, Ky. public school system on the basis of normal intelligence, average school performance, middle class socioeconomic status and freedom from overt behavior problems. These children formed the Normal group. The …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Extrinsic And Intrinsic Outcomes And Anticipated Job Satisfaction, Attitudes Toward Management, And Attitudes Toward Unions, Douglas P. Massengill

Doctoral Dissertations

One hundred sixty-seven trainees at a vocational training school were provided with job descriptions in which the levels of intrinsic and extrinsic outcomes along with whether or not the jobs were unionized were varied. Ss then completed questionnaires to assess anticipated reactions to the jobs.

It was predicted that both intrinsic and extrinsic outcomes would be related to anticipated job satisfaction, that whether or not a job was unionized would moderate the relationship between extrinsic outcomes and anticipated attitudes towards management, that only extrinsic outcomes would be related to anticipated attitudes toward a union, and that only extrinsic outcomes would …

Investigation Of The Interaction Of D-Amphetamine And Amantadine Hydrochloride Using Repeated Acquisitions With Serial Reversal Discriminations, Elizabeth Dozier Jones

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this series of studies was to investigate the interaction of d-amphetamine and amantadine hydrochloride employing serial discrimination reversals with repeated acquisitions. Specifically, the blockade of the effects of d-amphetamine by amantadine hydrochloride was investigated.

In meeting this goal, dose-response curves were determined independently for d-amphetamine and amantadine hydrochloride. The dose-response curve for d-amphetamine indicated that the 0.5 mg/kg dosage provided for optimal discrimination of SDR, while dosages of 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg proved to be disruptive. The experiments investigating amantadine hydrochloride indicated that dosages above 10 mg/kg were detrimental to the discrimination task, while dosages below …

A Geographic Analysis Of The Characteristics And Development Trends Of The Non-Metropolitan Tourist-Recreation Industry Of Southern Appalachia, Jeffrey Wayne Neff

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the significance of actual place-to-place structural and organizational differences within the non-metropolitan tourist-recreation industry of southern Appalachia and to discover how these differences affected the industry's development and growth in selected locations.

Eight countries with statistically important tourist industries were used as case study areas, so that spatial variation or uniformity in the industry's characteristics could be identified and examined. Those counties were: Rabun, Georgia; Graham, North Carolina; Jackson, North Carolina; Swain, North Carolina; Watauga, North Carolina; Clay, Tennessee; Sevier, Tennessee; and Bath, Virginia. Field investigation and subsequent distribution of questionnaires to …

The Changing Control Of Economic Activity In The Gatlinburg, Tennessee Area, 1930-1973, Jerome Eric Dobson

Doctoral Dissertations

Among Government officials, planners, and citizens there is an almost universal belief that any economic growth will benefit the people of the area in which it occurs. This research tests that assumption through an analysis of resort development in the Gatlinburg, Tennessee area from 1930 to 1973. Its purpose is to investigate the processes of change accompanying rapid economic growth with a particular emphasis on how indigenous land owners and entrepreneurs have fared as participants in the economic system.

A geographic approach is employed to examine the processes which shape the economic character of the area and affect indigenous participation. …

The Relationship Between Expectation, Belief, And Anxiety In A Speaking Situation, George (Tod) William Bossert

Doctoral Dissertations

Subjects were given bogus test results that indicated they would be either "relatively calm" or "highly anxious" in a speaking situation. They were also given either an anxiety-okay belief or an anxiety-not-okay belief. The expectations and beliefs given subjects by the experimenter were called manipualted expectations and beliefs. Subjects also filled out forms indicating whether they expected to be calm or anxious and whether they believed anxiety was or was not okay. The expectations and beliefs of the subject were called prior expectation and beliefs.

Each subject was given an expectation and a belief and then requested to make a …

Obscenity Standards In Canada And The United States: A Comparative Study In Constitutional Law, Ronald Edward Dean

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the comparative constitutional development of obscenity law in Canada and the United States. The research focuses on analysis of case law with particular emphasis of Supreme Court decisions in the two countries. Obscenity law is not static, but is, rather, an active and on-going area of constitutional law.

The central problem in the legal approach to obscenity has been the development of a definition. The original conceptualization of obscenity for both Canada and the United States came from an English decision in 1868, which dominated the field until the late 1950's. The …

Analysis Of The Proctor And Self-Paced Components Of The Personalized System Of Instruction, Janice Joyner Maclin

Doctoral Dissertations

The primary purposes of this study were to determine the effect of modifying the proctor and self-paced components of the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI). Research has shown that students in Personalized courses score higher on final exams and rate the course higher than those enrolled in lecture courses. The components of the system have not been manipulated to determine the effect on student performance, progress or attitudes. The first purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of the independent variable of proctors' grades being contingent upon the final examination performance of students assigned to them upon the …

An Interpersonal Investigation Of 'Swinging'- An Alternative Style Of Marriage, John Milton Mccauley

Doctoral Dissertations

As demonstrated by statistics and described by experts, traditional marriage is not proving to be a satisfactory relationship for many. The proportion of divorces is annually rising and the institution of marriage has been described aptly as a calamity. This author conducted an interpersonal study of couples involved in one alternative to traditional marriage--"Swinging."

Subjects were obtained via written letter to those swingers who advertised in a swinging magazine. Eight couples participated in the study. The procedure took place in their homes and averaged about six hours. The procedure consisted of the administration of the complete Leary Interpersonal Analysis, the …

Social Psychological And Hormonal Correlates Of Alcohol Consumption: A Psychobiological Study Of Social Behavior, Barry S. Tuchfeld

Doctoral Dissertations

Social psychological and the sparse hormonal literature are reviewed for possible commonalities with respect to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Self-concept, social anxiety, cortisol, and testosterone are proposed as interrelated but additive predictors of alcohol consumption among males in a party-type social setting. The relationships were thought to be amplified for those persons with a self-reported history of excessive drinking.

Sixty-five male collegians from four organizations were invited to attend parties sponsored by the research co-directors. Pre- and post-drinking venipunctures were taken but the subjects were not told of the specific interest in the steroid hormones. Further, the subjects were …

The Referential Communication Of Facial Characteristics By Deaf And Normal-Hearing Adolescents, Irving King Jordan Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

In order to assess the characteristics of the manual communications of linguistically adult deaf individuals, six pairs of deaf adolescents and 24 pairs of normal hearing adolescents described photographic referents in a referential communication setting. The referents were photographs of people's faces, selected in a preliminary recognizability study to insure a range of difficulty from easily recognizable to almost chance recognition.

Although the design was essentially exploratory and descriptive, there are several noteworthy results: (1) There was no difference between the two subject groups in the accuracy with which they communicated. Both groups scored extremely high. (2) The deaf group …