Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of Three Measures Of Ego Development In Foster Adolescents, Scott D. Glass

Doctoral Dissertations

ABSTRACT

The construct “ego” is used within different theoretical models. Various models, however, differ in the inclusiveness of functions subsumed under this construct. The psychoanalytic ego construct is conceptually similar to one proposed by Jane Loevinger in that both subsume aspects of cognition, delay in the gratification of conscious wishes, and social relations. They differ in that the analytic ego is uniquely assumed to mediate aspects of adaptive functioning and the regulation of affective and instinctual demands, while Loevinger's ego is uniquely assumed to mediate character style and the content of consciousness. Comparisons of tests designed to measure the two …

The Relationship Of Loneliness And Social Isolation To Dietary Adequacy Of Noninstitutionalized Elderly Individuals, Dellmar Walker

Doctoral Dissertations

Characterizing older persons as being lonely and socially isolated has been widely suggested, yet it has not been substantially supported. Furthermore, loneliness and social isolation have been identified as contributing to dietary inadequacies among elderly individuals. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the dietary adequacy of elderly individuals in Rutherford County, Tennessee, and to determine whether differences could be attributed to loneliness, social isolation, physi­cal health, functional status, and participation in Title III congregate meal programs .

Sixty-one independently living elderly individuals over the age of 60 years participated in the study. Three-day food records were used to …

Stability And Change In Aboriginal Settlement Within The Lower Little Tennessee River Valley, Roland Parker Stephen Davis

Doctoral Dissertations

Aboriginal settlement systems within the lower Little Tennessee River valley in southeast Tennessee are studied through analyses of archaeological data regarding regional land use patterns, the spatial distributions of settlements, and intrasite structure. These data derive from intensive archaeological survey, regional probabilistic sampling, and excavation, conducted by The University of Tennessee between 1967 and 1981. Analyses of settlement data, representing over 12,000 years of occupation, are preceded by the definition of a settlement typology, an evaluation of the spatial structure of environmental resources, and the development of chronological models of artifact variability for recognizing temporally specific site occupations. Regional land …

An Analysis And Interpretation Of The Faunal Remains From Eight Late Middle Woodland Owl Hollow Phase Sites In Coffee, Franklin And Bedford Counties, Tennessee, Neil D. Robison

Doctoral Dissertations

The faunal remains examined for this study were from eight late Middle Woodland Owl Hollow phase sites situated on the upper Duck and Elk rivers, or their tributaries in Tennessee. Three of these sites (40CF108, 40CF111, and 40CF32) were located on the Duck River within the Normandy Reservoir; their excavations were sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Test excavation at the other five sites (40BD46, 40BD55, 40FR7, 40FR45 and 40CF214) were conducted as part of the Owl Hollow Archaeological Project, which was funded through a National Science Foundation grant. The results of the faunal analyses are first presented individually for …

Energy Attitudes, Beliefs And Behavior: A Specification Of Situational And Personal Determinants Of Residential Conservation Behavior, Carl Michael Hand

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the nature and extent of residential energy conservation behavior as well as consumers' view of the energy problem. The primary policy question raised by this research has been to clarify the link between energy attitudes, beliefs and conservation actions performed in the home context as a basis for furthering energy policies directed at encouraging residential energy conservation. Despite a plethora of such studies, research findings have failed to provide an unequivocal understanding of the role of consumer energy attitudes and beliefs in guiding behavior.

Theoretical basis for this research is drawn from attitude theory, particularly recent discussions …

Hunter-Gatherer Mortuary Variability: Toward An Explanatory Model, Jack L. Hofman

Doctoral Dissertations

Information on mortuary practices and mortuary remains is here used to study hunter-gatherer organizational variability. Ethnographic accounts are used to develop expectations about the impact of organizational variation and mobility on mortuary behavior. Archaic burial sites in the Middle South and Midwest are used to archaeologically evaluate some of these ideas. Most archaeological studies of mortuary practices have relied upon gender, age, and status as sufficient elements for explaining mortuary variability. These studies have usually concerned sedentary groups which exhibit fairly stable composition and economies. Many hunger-gatherer groups, however, were not sedentary or organizationally stable. Therefore, I argue that some …

Developmental Implications Of Palmar Dermatoglyphics Among Highland And Lowland Peruvian Quechua, Kenneth R. Parham

Doctoral Dissertations

This study presents a comparison of quantitative palmar dermatoglyphic characters among highland and lowland Peruvian Quechua. These data are interpreted in light of an environmental hypothesis suggesting that hypoxia at high altitude affects the development of the fetus during the first trimester of gestation when dermal ridges are formed.

The highland population is from the village of Ondores in the Province and Department of Junin, and the lowland population, the only known Quechua-speakers from the tropics east of the Andes, is from the village of Pamashto in the Province of Lamas and the Department of San Martin. Historical accounts and …

A Search For Systematic Variability In Inter-Finger Ridge Count Variation Among European Groups, Kenneth Melvin Binkley

Doctoral Dissertations

Inter-finger ridge count variability has been shown to discriminate among major racial groups. However, little has been accomplished in the way of demonstrating patterned dispersion of inter-finger ridge count variability among groups of a major population. Here, multivariate techniques are used in a series of discovery procedures to search for systematic variability of finger ridge count contrasts among 48 male and 47 female European groups. Among-group biological variability of each sex is defined by principal components analysis, using the finger ridge count means of each group and a pooled within-group, within-sex covariance matrix having 5,474 degrees of freedom. Multiple regression …

Developmental Ossification Patterns In The Human Sternum From Fetus To 19 Years Of Age: A Cross Sectional Study Based On Radiographic Analysis, William Cesar Rodriguez Iii

Doctoral Dissertations

The developmental ossification patterns in the sternal radiographs of 479 autopsy cases were analyzed in an attempt to determine the variation of ossification patterns in relation to age, sex and race. This study population consisted of 302 fetuses or newborns ranging in gestational age from 18 to 38 weeks, and 177 children or subadults ranging in age from 1 month to 19 years of age. Examination of the sternal radiographs revealed that the number and patterning of ossification centers in the sternum varied with age.

Variation in ossification patterning was found to be greatest during pre-natal and early post-natal development. …

Late Middle Woodland Settlement And Subsistence Patterns In The Eastern Highland Rim Of Tennessee, James E. Cobb

Doctoral Dissertations

The Owl Hollow phase, a late Middle Woodland tradition, is identified in the upper Duck and Elk river valleys in the Eastern Highland Rim of south-central Tennessee. This hunter-gatherer and horticultural adaptation is documented with the material remains and features associated with eight large intensively occupied sites located in the main river valleys along minor tributary streams that drain the Highland Rim. Forty radiocarbon and eight archaeomagnetic dates indicate a temporal range of about A.D. 200-650 for the late Middle Woodland Owl Hollow phase.

The recovery of contemporaneous warm and cold season structures and a variety of associated seasonality data …

American Indian And Euro-American Impact Upon Holocene Vegetation In The Lower Little Tennessee River Valley, East Tennessee, Patricia A. Cridlebaugh

Doctoral Dissertations

Paleoethnobotanical remains recovered from Early Archaic through Historic Overhill Cherokee period archaeological sites in the lower Little Tennessee River Valley in Tennessee document prehistoric people's plant-exploitation patterns. This material provides the basis for establishing a model of prehistoric landscape change. Plant species represented by wood charcoal were assigned to bottomland, upland, and disturbed-upland habitats. Indian exploitation of upland favored species remained consistent through time. A progressively deforested landscape is indicated by diminished exploitation of bottomland-favored plant species in contrast to simultaneous increases in Indian utilization of disturbance-favored early successional taxa such as pine (Pinus spp.), cedar (Juniperus virginiana …

Pentecostal Healing: A Facet Of The Personalistic Health System Of Pakal-Na, A Village In Southern Mexico, Murl Owen Dirksen

Doctoral Dissertations

This research investigates the degree to which Pentecostals in Pakal-Na, Chiapas, Mexico, employ personalistic rather than naturalistic disease theory (Foster, 1976) in selecting curing methods, and it compares Pentecostal and non-Pentecostal employment of health resources. In naturalistic disease theory, illness results from impersonal, natural forces (i.e., cold, heat, wind and dampness) which cause an imbalance in natural body states. In personalistic disease theory, illness is caused by supernatural forces. Because of differences in believed sources of illness, these two theories of disease predispose individuals to select different therapies and curers.

For this study, personalistic/naturalistic categories were viewed as a continuum, …

Metric Variation On The Arikara Pelvis, Cheryl Lee Puskarich

Doctoral Dissertations

Metric variation in the innominates, sacra and articulated pelves of the South Dakota Plains Indian group, the Arikara, are analyzed in an attempt to delineate biological relationships. The specimens examined represent 10 archaeological sites ranging in date from A.D. 1600 to 1832. The following sample sizes for innominate, sacrum and articulated pelvis data sets are employed: 292, 305, and 151, respectively. The data are analyzed utilizing univariate as well as multivariate statistical procedures.

The results indicate that consistent within-group patterning exists. Common elements of pelvic structure can therefore be identified. Group analysis results indicate that temporal patterning can be identified …

Postcraniometric Variation Among The Arikara, Terry Stewert Zobeck

Doctoral Dissertations

The postcraniometrics of the Arikara, a Plains Indian group, are analyzed to determine biological relationships. The sample studied is composed of 634 individuals from 10 archaeological sites, all from the state of South Dakota, and ranging in date from A.D. 1600 to 1832.

The data are analyzed with a variety of statistical methodologies; univariate as well as multivariate.

The results show a consistent patterning to the within-group variation, identifying common elements of postcranial structure. The groups analyzed however, show very little group heterogeneity along the lines of the intrapopulation variation. This is contrary to results obtained by several craniometric studies …

Patterns Of Association Between Oral Health Status And Subsistence: A Study Of Aboriginal Skeletal Populations From The Tennessee Valley Area, Maria Ostendorf Smith

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to identify subsistence associated differences in caries, periodontal disease and attrition between two aboroginal skeletal samples from the Tennessee Valley area. The hunter/gather sample employed in this study dates from the Archaic period (6000-500 B.C.) and is composed of individuals from the Eva(6BN12), Cherry (84BN74) and Anderson (40WM9) sites. The Mississippian Dallas focus (1300-1500 A.D.) site of Toqua (40MR6) practiced maize agriculture.

Contrasts in caries frequency, location on the tooth, and distribution along the tooth row were readily apparent. Cervical caries in the posterior tooth row characterized the Archaic sample. The pattern is attributed …

Craniofacial Structure, Aging And Dental Function: Their Relationships In Adult Human Skeletal Series, Mark Frances Guagliardo

Doctoral Dissertations

Five human skeletal series were examined to discern if post-adolescent aging, as measured by dental attrition, has significant effects on the morphometrics of the skull. Definite age-related changes were found in the crania of the European, Melanesian and Arikara Indian collections studied. A statistical approach unique to the subject area showed that both size and shape of the adult skull changed with age. Some of the more pronounced aging effects included forward projection of the face, widening of interorbital dimensions, flattening of the frontal bone in profile, retraction of the subnasal region relative to the zygomatic bones, and increases in …

Diet, Anthropometric Characteristics, And Diabetes-Related Attitudes And Knowledge Among Women Residing In The Eastern Cherokee Township Of Snowbird, Rhonda Dale Terry

Doctoral Dissertations

The goal of this study was to gather, analyze, and interpret assessment data related to the problem of diabetes within the Eastern Cherokee township of Snowbird. Information was obtained from 105 Snowbird women, ages 18 to 87, during the spring of 1982. The three specific aims of the study along with related findings are summarized below.

The first specific aim was to assess selected aspects of household and individual food behavior. The 71 women in charge of obtaining and preparing food in each home were interviewed concerning household food behavior, and each subject’s previous day’s intake of food and nutritional …

The Black Press Of Tennessee: 1865-1980, Karen Fitzgerald Brown

Doctoral Dissertations

At least 112 black newspapers have been published in Tennessee, beginning with the Colored Tennessean in 1865. William B. Scott, and East Tennessee harness-maker, and his son, William Jr., published the Colored Tennessean in Nashville on or about April 29, making it one of the first black newspapers in the South.

From 1865 to 1899 there were at least 35 black papers published in the state, 52 from 1900 to 1950, and 25 from 1951 to 1980. By the end of the period there were only three black papers being printed in the state: the Memphis Tri-State Defender, Memphis Mid-South …

Craniometric Relationships Among Plains Indians: Culture-Historical And Evolutionary Implications, Patrick J. Key

Doctoral Dissertations

This study presents a broad picture of Plains Indian biological relationships on the basis of craniometric data. It employs a sample of 860 individuals distributed temporally from the Paleo-Indian Period into historic times and distributed geographically among the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa and Missouri.

The sample was analyzed within a culture-historical framework utilizing a variety of statistical methodologies: some conventional, some implemented here in the face of small samples and unbalanced designs.

The results show strong evidence of biological continuity on the Plains stretching from the Paleo-Indian Period, through the Plains Archaic Period and into …

Osteology Of The Crow Creek Massacre, Patrick S. Willey

Doctoral Dissertations

About 1325 AD in south-central South Dakota nearly 500 American Indians were massacred at the Crow Creek Site. They were mutilated, exposed above ground, then buried in the fortification ditch which surrounded the Crow Creek Village. Their remains were discovered, excavated, and cleaned in 1978 and were available for study the first 5 months of 1979. The general purposes of the Crow Creek osteological study were to describe the remains as fully as time permitted and compare these results with those of other samples. This dissertation presents information concerning the Crow Creek bone elements, paleodemography, cranial affiliations, mutilations, and stature. …

Skeletal Age Changes In Saguinus Fuscicollis And Saguinus Oedipus, David Michael Glassman

Doctoral Dissertations

The South American tamarin, genus Saguinus is used extensively as a model for interpreting human disease. Recently, techniques for estimating the age from skeletons of wild-caught tamarins have been requested by biomedical researchers. These skeletal aging techniques are subsequently used as an aid in documenting the timing of disease onset and latency periods.

Skeletal age changes are examined in 157 Saguinus fusaicollis and 59 Saguinus oedipus specimens of known age. The entire approximate 15 year life span of these animals is represented within the sample. The species are treated independently for all analyses. Documentation of the ontogenetic skeletal changes in …

Epa, Tva And Pollution Control: A Comparative Analysis Of Intragovernmental Policy Implementation, Robert F. Durant

Doctoral Dissertations

Of late the substance, organization, and context of federal policies have been altered. This study examines one manifestation of these developments: the burgeoning necessity of one federal agency having to hold another accountable to national policy goals. Its analytical focus is the Environmental Protection Agency's experience with the Tennessee Valley Authority during the former's implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Specifically examined are the EPA's efforts to apply SO₂ and thermal pollution control policies to the TVA power program during the 1970's. Using a comparative case study design, the divergent responses of …

The Effects Of Study Carrels On The Behavior And Academic Performance Of Distractible Elementary School Children, Robert William Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of study carrels on distractible students. A secondary objective was to determine whether behavioral contrast effects resulted from working in the study carrels. Four third grade and two fifth grade students served as subjects. An ABAB single subject design was employed with the fifth graders. Observers collected data on the subjects' behaviors. During the intervention condition, the subjects did their independent seatwork while seated in a study carrel. To examine for behavioral contrast, data were collected during the period immediately after the students used the carrels.

The study carrels …

An Ethnographic Inquiry Into Social Identity, Social Stratification, And Premature School Withdrawal In A Rural Appalachian School, Anthony P. Cavender

Doctoral Dissertations

This study is concerned with the ascription of pariah student identity and how this possibly relates to the low level of education attainment in rural Appalachia. The informal social organization and educational ethos of a rural school in eastern Tennessee, Rock Hill (k-7), is examined with respect to the school's influence on premature student withdrawal.

Data were collected over an eight month period during which the author employed participant observation and other ethnographic research techniques. In comparison to previous inquiries on educational problems in rural Appalachia, this investigation represents one of the few which have utilized the research methodology of …

National Banking In Knoxville, Tennessee, 1864-1913, James Townsend Campen

Doctoral Dissertations

This is a study of the nine national banks which operated in Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1864 to 1913. The purpose of this study was to determine the major factors influencing the behavior of those banks as they responded to changes in the national regulatory environment and local business conditions. The local banks were compared with one another and with other groups of national banks to discover patterns of acquisition and use of funds. Information about assets and liabilities was obtained from reports made by national banks which were published in local newspapers or by the Comptroller of the Currency, from …

The Averbuch Skeletal Series: A Study Of Biological And Social Stress At A Late Mississippian Period Site From Middle Tennessee, Hugh Edward Berryman

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the biological and social evidence of stress at the Averbuch site (40DV60), a late Mississippian Period Middle Cumberland Culture village from the Nashville Basin in Middle Tennessee. Recent excavation of this site produced one of the largest systematically excavated skeletal series from Tennessee. The majority of burials were recovered from three cemeteries which could be aligned temporally. It was hoped that analysis of this skeletal series would illuminate conditions which contributed to the late prehistoric decline and ultimate disappearance of the Middle Cumberland people from the Nashville area.

A general investigation of …

Psychological Differentiation And Future Time Perspective, John Stewart Durland Iii

Doctoral Dissertations

Witkin's differentiation hypothesis predicts communality in the formal aspects of behavior across diverse psychological areas. The purpose of the present research was to determine to what extent Kastenbaum's dimensions of future time perspective (FTP) are related to Witkin's psychological differentiation (PD) construct.

Experimental data were obtained in two phases. First, 60 undergraduates were administered two tests of PD and four tests of FTP. Based on indexes of PD, the 10 most and 10 least psychologically differentiated subjects were asked to return for further testing. The second phase entailed making unobtrusive observations of temporal behavior during the course of 15-minute structured …

Morphological Changes On The Axillary Border Of The Scapula With Special Reference To The Neandertal Problem, Carol Baratz Dittner-Plasil

Doctoral Dissertations

This study is an effort to determine the causes of the various morphologies of the axillary border of the modern human scapula and to relate the results to the unusual morphology of Neandertal scapulae.

Two-thirds of known Neandertal scapulae exhibit a dorsal sulcus on the axillary border: the remainder have a double sulcus (Chancelade pattern) and only one exhibits a ventral sulcus. The ventral sulcus is predominant on the scapulae of anatomically modern hominids where the Chancelade pattern is also present in varying frequencies.

Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on data derived from skeletal material of five modern human …

A Comparison Of Late Prehistoric Dallas And Overhill Cherokee Subsistence Strategies In The Little Tennessee River Valley, Arthur E. Bogan

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines the late Mississippian Dallas Focus and historic Overhill Cherokee occupations at the archaeological site of Toqua (4OMR6), Monroe County, Tennessee. The faunal remains from the Dallas occupation were subdivided according to two mounds and four village areas to test propositions relevant to the patterning of faunal remains from a chiefdom level society. These propositions were generated from the archaeological correlates of chiefdoms proposed by Peebles and Kuss. The distribution of faunal remains were examined from the floors of two domestic and one special function structures, and it was possible to establish regular patterns of refuse accumulation. The …

The Effect Of Multiple Depth Cues In The Perception Of Occlusion, James William Rhodes

Doctoral Dissertations

The perception of depth in visual displays containing multiple sources of depth information was investigated. A computer graphics system generated randomly textured visual patterns that were presented on a television screen. One half of each pattern moved continuously toward the remaining stationary half. The texture elements of the moving half of the pattern were deleted from view as they contacted the stationary pattern area. This kinetic occlusion of texture elements tended to be perceived as one surface passing behind another. Two experiments were performed in which the depth cues of brightness, texture density, and relative velocity were systematically added to …