Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Front Matter 10.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

12.2

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Can Self-Compassion Reduce Depression And Anxiety In Adolescents?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Self-compassion has been explored as a new intervention strategy for adolescents suffering from depression and anxiety. These two mental illnesses are increasingly prevalent among this age group due to a variety of factors, including transitional difficulties and social stressors (Muris, Meesters, Pierik & de Kock, 2016; Neff & McGeh ee, 2010). Studies have shown that individuals who practice self-compassion have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety (Bluth & Blanton, 2015). Conversely, insecure attachment, low self-esteem, and belief in the personal fable, symptoms common in depressed and anxious individuals, negatively correlate with self-compassion (Bluth & Blanton, 2015; Muris et al., 2016; …

Effects Of Extracurricular Activities And Physical Activity On Academic Success

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

In this paper, I provide a comprehensive review of recent literature (published since 2010) regarding the relation between academic success and participation in extracurricular activities. I examine the direct effects—both positive and negative—that such participation has on the academic performance of students of all grade levels. Subsequently, because sports constitute a large portion of the extracurricular spectrum, I also examine studies that analyze t he effects of physical activity on academic performance. These studies suggest that extracurricular activities may have a positive effect on academics, especially when they contribute to a balanced life, self-confidence, an increased sense of personal duty …

The Use Of Positive Psychological Methods By Religious Leaders And Their Effects On Depression In The Lgb Community

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Depression among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB individuals) is a complex issue involving many possible factors, including internalized homophobia and discrimination. Religiosity and religious leaders can exert both protecting and risk-inducing influences o n LGB depression, depending on how liberal or conservative the congregation’s stance is. The more conservative and non-gay-affirming a congregation is, the more likely an LGB individual is to develop depression (Gattis, Woodford, & Han, 2014). Positive psychology may help decrease the impact of intolerance on LGB individuals (Burckhardt, Manicavasagar, Batterham, & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2016; Vaughan & Rodriguez, 2014). Through the use of positive psychology methods, such as …

Animal Hoarding By Humans: A Literature Review

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

I review the origin and treatment of animal-hoarding disorder in humans and its relation to hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, showing that it seems to be more closely related to object hoarding. The disorder often originates in a traumatic life event, which triggers a psychological vulnerability to compulsively collect animals. In some cases, the hoarding individual was neglected by parental figures at a young age and developed relationships with animals in order to cope with the neglect. Some theories that proposed to explain the neglectful behavior in animal hoarding include dissociation, delusion, and dementia, viewing the animals as self-objects, or …

Isolated Insanity: The Damaging Effects Of Solitary Confinement

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Solitary confinement is a popular form of punishment in prisons. However, it often results in the deterioration of the inmate’s mental health, especially when it is prolonged. It may lead to severe mental illness or self-harm, including suicide. In addition to the mental health effects, solitary confinement inhibits the rehabilitation process as it limits or eliminates exercise, visitation hours, medical treatment, and group recreation. Without these, many inmates lose their sense of identity and their hold on reality, thereby reducing the odds of successful reentry into society. To improve solitary confinement conditions, prison administrators should provide accessible psychiatrist treatment and …

Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder In Children

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is recently new to clinical literature. RAD is a “Stress and Trauma-Related Disorder” that stems from an inability for a child to attach to a caregiver. Aside from some psychoanalytic foundations, most of what is known about RAD is based off John Bowlby’s attachment theory. As research has developed, RAD has been considered its own diagnosis in the DSM-5 rather than labelled under the umbrella term of “attachment disorder.” A biopsychosocial model of RAD argues that RAD is primarily formed and exacerbated by neglect from a caregiver that can infringe upon the child’s ability to form …

Virtually Free Speech: The Problem Of Unbridled Debates On Social Media

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

How individuals communicate on the internet has been influenced by the rise of social networking and the introduction of Web 2.0. Contentious sociopolitical arguments containing false polarization and confirmation bias, accompanied by egocentric and ethnocentric thinking are common. Ideological radicalization has also increased, as evidenced by the prevalence of ISIS and White supremacists on sites such as Twitter and Reddit. One consequence is the online practice known as flaming—intensely aggressive, personal verbal attacks. To reduce its occurrence, both macro- and micro-solutions should be implemented. On the macro-level, social networks and related online organizations should establish and enforce guide lines while …

Chronic Illness And Functionality: How It Affects Adolescents Academically And Socially And How They Can Cope

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This paper explores the prevalence of chronic illness in adolescents, and its effects on academic and social functionality. When diagnosed with a chronic condition, adolescents must often make lifestyle changes that can put substantial pressures on some, or even all, areas of life. Many adolescents report needing help to make the changes necessary to manage their illness. Chronic illness affects millions of adolescents worldwide, and these individuals need understanding, support, and guidance to succeed. The aim of this paper is to review the literature examining psychosocial aspects of chronic illness in adolescents and to examine healthy coping styles, accessibility to …

Teacher Expectations And The Black-White Scholastic Achievement Gap

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Decades after the desegregation of schools, a Black-White achievement gap remains in the American school system. Researchers have given many possible explanations, including socioeconomic factors and teachers’ expectations of their students. In this paper, I summarize some of the literature on racial prejudice in teach er expectations and its impact on students’ academic and personal lives. I also analyze the role of stereotypes and other factors in teacher expectations and the communication of explicit and implicit expectations through teaching practices and nonverbal behavior. Finally, I discuss the use of teacher workshops as a possible means for narrowing the ethnic achievement …

Treating Neuropathic Pain: Mindfulness Meditation Is More Effective Than Pharmacotherapy

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Neuropathic pain is severe chronic pain with no single source and, for that reason, is difficult to treat. I review two treatments for neuropathic pain: pharmacotherapy and mindfulness meditation. In pharmacotherapy, psychotropic drugs are the main form of treatment. Although it is currently the treatment of choice, relying solely on drugs can result in unwanted side effects, including drug tolerance. Mindfulness meditation, a therapy designed to help the patient achieve self-understanding and self-regulation, avoids these effects. For these reasons, mindfulness meditation should be recommended as an alternative to psychotropic drugs when treating neuropathic pain.

Chronic Pain: Understanding Its Effects On The Spouse

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This literature review focuses on how the partner of an individual with chronic pain is affected by that pain. Results from the studies examined have been divided into four different categories of potential effects: household, physical, mental/emotional, and marital. The household consequences include items such as finances and role reversals for household tasks (West, Usher et al., 2012). The physical consequences consist of symptoms such as v arying pains and lack of sleep (Martire et al., 2013; Turk et al., 1987). The primary mental/ emotional consequence of having a spouse with chronic pain is distress, which can lead to issues …

A Bi-Directional Association Between Depression And Romantic Relations In Adolescence

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Depression is associated with higher morbidity rates of suicide ideation and increased suicidal risk in adolescents with the presence of romantic relationships. I review research on the predictors of depression in adolescent romantic relationships, specifically , concerning the bi-directional nature of this association, gender differences, and prevention strategies. The focus of adolescent research in recent years has been mainly on depression that emerges during romantic relationships and may have a negative effect on them. For example, adolescent girls are more likely than adolescent boys to be affected adversely by depression that accompanies romantic relationships, whereas adolescents of both genders are …

Real Men Burp Babies And Real Women Deliver Dough: The Advantages Of Nontraditional Parental Roles

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Stay-at-home fathers and working mothers continue to defy gender expectations despite traditional societal beliefs pertaining to gender roles. These nontraditional couples model a contemporary and egalitarian lifestyle for their children in a world that is increasingly advocating for more gender equality within and outside of the home. Children within these households exhibit positive cognitive traits, enhanced behavioral developments, and enriched familial relationships (Brown, Mangelsdorf, & Neff, 2012; Deutsch, Servis , & Payne, 2001; Dunn, Rochlen, & O’Brien, 2013; Fischer & Anderson, 2012; Flaskerud, 2012; Lucas-Thompson, Goldberg, & Prause, 2010 ; Rushing & Powell, 2015; Williams & Radin, 1999; Wills & …

Responding To Bullying By Gender

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The present literature review examines how the construction of gender influences bullying among children and adolescents, as w ell as the possible effects of bullying on children, both as bullies an d victims. An in-depth, theoretical analysis of gender stereotype and gender construction is presented, through a review of cognitive development theory, social learning theory, and cultivation theory. Gender construction leads children to adopt different behaviors and to interact with peers in various ways (Emilson et al., 2016; Fagot, 1994; Tobin et al., 2010). Among children and adolescents, the two most prominent forms of bullying that result from gender construction …

Front Matter 12.2

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Revolutions In History, Laina Farhat-Holzman

Comparative Civilizations Review

I saw the Iranian Revolution of 1979 up close and personally-- a revolution against a modernizing authoritarian king. I watched otherwise clever intellectuals deceive themselves that they would emerge the rulers of a democratic Iran, while the crafty theocrats waited in the wings to seize power. How could all these leftists be so naïve about how revolutions work? The trajectory of revolutions should be no mystery. Crane Brinton’s The Anatomy of Revolution” spelled it all out in 1952, and his observations have stood the test of time.

The Intrigue Of Paradigmatic Similarity: Leibniz And China, Yu Liu

Comparative Civilizations Review

The cosmology of China is indeed strikingly similar to the metaphysics of Leibniz, but precisely where the two resemble each other, the former is unmistakably different from Christianity. Scholars of Leibniz have so far generally taken it for granted that he was ideologically aligned with Christianity, but his paradigmatic similarity to China should alert us of a surprisingly different story. Leibniz was indisputably “the greatest of the seventeenth century sinophiles” and key Chinese cosmological ideas were introduced to Europe long before he formulated his worldview. Together, these two facts can help us decide whether he “owes to Chinese organic naturalism …

William Egginton, The Man Who Invented Fiction: How Cervantes Ushered In The Modern World. Bloomsbury, 2016., Ernest B. Hook

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Editor's Note: A Banner Year For Iscsc And The Comparative Civilizations Review, Peter Hecht

Comparative Civilizations Review

The past year has witnessed an enhanced level of dedication, by many volunteers, to the sustainability of our parent organization, the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilization, as well as to the continuing quality of the Comparative Civilizations Review. Costs are down, membership is up, our journal is more popular than it has been in years, the new website continues to amaze, and our 2017 conference was a success.

A Reply To Johann Arnason, Toby Huff

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Andrew Scull, Madness In Civilization: A Cultural History Of Insanity From The Bible To Freud From The Madhouse To Modern Medicine. Princeton University Press, 2015., Michael Palencia-Roth

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Civilizational Analysis, Political Discourse, And The Reception Of Western Modernity In Post-Soviet Russia, Yulia Prozorova

Comparative Civilizations Review

Official political discourse retains a special importance since the communicative practices of the political elites generate interpretations and meanings, which are able to become programmatic for the design and arrangement of the main societal domains. This paper considers civilizational analysis and associated multiple modernities theory as a promising framework for understanding of the post-Soviet Russians experience of modernity in Russia. It also provides a review of how contemporary Russian political discourse receives and interprets the Western modernity project.

Workplace Bullying Ii: A Civilizational Shortcoming Examined In A Comparative Content Analysis, Leah P. Hollis

Comparative Civilizations Review

According to Freud, civilization is meant to protect humans from the forces of nature, to protect human frailty; but then, paradoxically, it falls short of such protection by its lack of concomitant regulation (1991). In fact, civilized service to society, delivered via organizations, creates strife and anxiety. While civilization is a structure created to protect people from nature and to support a frail humanity, its rules and power structures yield aggression, spawning the need for people to control each other (Freud & Strachey, 1991).

Such control and the power structures that arise within organizations can be considered the root of …

Front Matter, Comparative Civilizations Review

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Comments On “Civilizational Analysis And Paths Not Taken”, Johann P. Arnason

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Narrativized Ethics And Hiroshima: Harry S. Truman, Homer, And Aeschylus, Michael Palencia-Roth

Comparative Civilizations Review

Discussions of the atomic bomb and Hiroshima have to be deeply troubling for anyone. The natural inclination is to turn one’s eyes away or to remain silent. Avoidance and silence, however, were not valid options immediately after the Second World War and are not valid options today. The decision – or decisions, for there were many – to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later Nagasaki raises issues of profound importance for the human community. It compels us to ask who we are as individuals and as members of a society engaged in actions with such devastating consequences. We …

The Challenge To Religious Tolerance: Fundamentalist Resistance To A Non-Muslim Leader In Indonesia, Hisanori Kato

Comparative Civilizations Review

It is important to question whether a long-standing tradition of religious tolerance in Indonesia has been overturned by the 2017 gubernatorial election. Equally important is that we explore the influence of religion in relation to the socio-political behavior of people. In the following parts of this paper, we attempt to find answers to these questions and to comprehend the meaning of this political event thoroughly.

Buried On Three Continents In Three Civilizations: A Jewish Fate, Yishai Shuster

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.