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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

沒有年齡的課室 : 跨代共學實務手冊, 陳曉瑩, 伍婉萍, 袁沅玉, 周頌聲, 杜詠詩, 馮明穗, 陳澤群, 劉嘉慶, 鄺家宗 Jan 2024

沒有年齡的課室 : 跨代共學實務手冊, 陳曉瑩, 伍婉萍, 袁沅玉, 周頌聲, 杜詠詩, 馮明穗, 陳澤群, 劉嘉慶, 鄺家宗

Manual & Guide 手冊及指引

由周大福慈善基金及和悦慈善基金共同捐助、和悦社會企業舉辦的「沒有年齡的課室」項目,建構香港首個跨代學習空間,推動「長幼共學」理念,讓長者及幼童共同體驗成長及學習的過程,增加跨代互動,促進了解及尊重。

《沒有年齡的課室 : 跨代共學實務手冊》收錄了嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心為「沒有年齡的課室」項目進行的成效評估研究結果,同時收錄了教學團隊設計的課程教案及活動設計,記錄曾面對的困難和具體改善建議,供有意舉辦跨代共學活動的幼兒及社福機構參考。


香港影視業勞工狀況終期研究報告2024, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 潘毅, 梁仕池, 楊皓鋮, 蔡美琦, 鄧立賢 Jan 2024

香港影視業勞工狀況終期研究報告2024, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 潘毅, 梁仕池, 楊皓鋮, 蔡美琦, 鄧立賢

CCRD Research Report

推動影視業發展是港府近年的文創政策重心。影視業較為人注目的是黃金年代後票房積弱和創作自由的議題;而銀幕背後,從業員的處境則容易被忽略。本研究報告兼用定量和定質的調查,深入淺出地分析本地投身電影、電視、廣告、網片等影像製作的從業員的勞動條件,探討不合理待遇的成因,並按研究結果提出政策及行業倡議。

本研究以問卷調查了212為從業員的工作狀況,與44名從業員進行深度訪談,得出以下主要發現:

1)影視業以自由工作者為主,他們的僱傭型態零散,普遍沒有明文及完整合約便要開工,並容易面臨拖糧和其他形式的剝削(詳見第5部分):

  • 影視從業員以自由工作者為主,缺乏保障,面對多種危脆性(見p.26)
  • 多數從業員開工前不會簽署正規協議(見p.35)
  • 業內實際工作協議的完整度,比從業員理想的完整度有很大落差(見p.38)
  • 行業零散度高,導致拖糧問題普遍(見p.47)
  • 從業員容易面臨壓價和被資方轉移商業風險(見p.53)

2)影視業的生態和文化令從業員面對不公的操作和「行規」亦難以改變。這些因素包括:行業以人脈為重、行內層級文化較強、從業員願意為創作犧牲待遇、行內較缺乏團結及行動意識(詳見第6部分):

  • 從業員極度依賴人脈接觸工作機會。遇到不合理待遇時,顧慮到自己形象和開罪前輩的可能性,很多人都會忍氣吞聲,避免被行家覺得麻煩、小器,導致不獲重用。這無疑是製造了灰色地帶,讓掌握工作機會的人士和單位可以刻薄對待和剝削勞工,而毋須被問責(見p.58)
  • 行內論資排輩的文化仍然存在,底層從業員要對前輩服從,表現出「肯捱」、願意「跟師傅學嘢」、甚至「任砌」等特質,難以反駁不合理要求,勞動尊嚴受損(見p.62)
  • 從業員對藝術創作抱有熱誠,在商業製作中亦未必完全以金錢衡量自己的付出,因此容易陷入甘願「自我犧牲」的心態,導致被剝削(見p.64)
  • 從業員若遇到不公平待遇,普遍不傾向團結行家一起尋求改變。主流的做法是在個人網絡傳播、私下聯絡對方追討、或放棄追究。多名受訪者歡迎行內發展出爭取權益導向的工會,惟他們認為現時並未有足夠條件推動(見p.65)

3)影視製作市道不佳,令製作預算壓縮,令長工時、職安意識不足問題亦更難有資源應對(詳見第7部分):

  • 拍攝現場有不少職安隱患,頗多從業員曾經歷或目睹工傷發生。從業員工時長、經常在疲勞狀態下工作;拍攝節奏趕急;現場未必有專業人員把關安全,僅靠經驗判斷安危等,都是造成職安隱患的原因(見p.77)
  • 從業員連續多日超時工作的情況非常嚴重。受訪從業員認為行內有必要對作息時間有合理的規範,不應犧牲從業員健康(見p.74)
  • 從業員認同需要專人負責監察片場安全,但對於如何實行並無共識(見p.81)
  • 從業員普遍認為政府對行業的支援資源不足、不到位,應邁向更開放、不以商業效益為主要考量的方向改善(見p.84)

基於研究結果,我們對香港影視行業及政府提出以下倡議(詳見第8部分):

保障自由工作者基本待遇(見p.87)

  • 業界引入標準合約,推廣開工前先簽訂完整協議的文化
  • 政府透過資助影像製作項目,推廣勞工友善措施
  • 業界規範工時,減低超時、高強度工作的情況

改善工作條件及職業安全(見p.89)

  • 業界和政府合作,設定適用於影視製作的職安課程、認證系統、作業指引
  • 政府改善職安執法
  • 從業員自我組織,維護及推動權益

支援業界發展(見p.92)

  • 政府改善資助制度,支援各規模、多元創作
  • 增加畢業生支援,輔助院校新晉人才與業界接軌


沒有年齡的課室 : 成效評估研究報告, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Ka Hing, Calvin Lau, Ka Chung, Tom Kwong Jan 2024

沒有年齡的課室 : 成效評估研究報告, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Ka Hing, Calvin Lau, Ka Chung, Tom Kwong

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

背景

香港人口老齡化的趨勢持續加劇,傳統的家庭照顧模式已難以滿足老年人和幼童在身心發展上的需求,需要探索新的跨代互助模式。因此,和悅社會企業於2023 年夏季舉辦了一項名為「沒有年齡的課室」的計劃(以下簡稱「計劃」/「課程」)。該課程旨在為長者及幼童提供共學的機會,推動跨代連結與互惠。為了更客觀地檢視「沒有年齡的課室」的實施情況與成效,以及探討在香港推行跨代共學的可行性,和悅社會企業委託嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心對該課程進行了評估研究,並撰寫了此報告以供相關持分者參考。

研究方法

2. 研究採用定量研究及定性研究的數據收集和分析的混合研究法 (Mixed Methods) 進行。除了透過問卷調查和聚焦小組去收集參加者對課程的看法外,同時分析課程的數據、進行實地觀察,以及檢視相關文獻資料,從而更全面地瞭解整個課程的實施情況、對參與者的影響,以及探討計劃未來的發展方向。

研究結果

3. 本研究於2023年6月至9月期間成功對實驗組及對照組參加者進行了兩輪問卷調查,收集參加者的意見。調查結果顯示,長者及幼童的家長讓他們的孩子參與計劃的最主要原因是為了「想學習新知識 」(長者學員:72%;幼童:73%),其次為「進行跨代接觸交流」 (長者學員:60%;幼童家長:54%),第三個主要原因是可以「嘗試新事物」(長者學員:40%;幼童:54%),以及可以「認識新朋友」 (長者學員:36%;幼童家長:50%)。至於計劃對參加者的影響方面,本研究透過比較實驗組 (即參加「沒有年齡的課室」的長者及幼童學員) 與對照組 (即課程無長幼共學成份)參加者在對雙方態度、自尊心及自信、社交技巧等方面的前後變化。從分析結果顯示,長幼學員在修畢本課程後,對彼此的態度 (長者學員對幼童態度:實驗組增長17%,對照組下降1%;幼童學員對長者態度:實驗組增長19%,對照組增長7%) 及幼童學員的社交技巧 (實驗組增長9%,對照組增長1%) 之增長達統計學顯著程度,足見本課程成功透過長幼共學的方式去改善長幼對彼此的觀感和態度。至於對課程的體驗方面,長者學員及幼童學員之家長均給予高度評價和評分,以1-7分為量表去評價,參加者普遍對課程感到十分滿意 (長者學員:平均分為6.07分;幼童學員:6.29分)、並表示若和悅社會企業日後舉行類似課程會再次參加(長者學員:平均分為5.33分;幼童學員:6.41分) 和向別人推薦此類課程 (長者學員:平均分為5.33分;幼童學員:6.29分)。概括而言,從統計結果反映了課程為參加者帶來很多正面影響,特別是長者或幼童態度之改善比沒有跨代共學成份的課程更為顯著。

4. 此外,本研究邀請了參與課程的長者、幼童家長、和推行「沒有年齡的課室」計劃的同工進行了3 場聚焦小組以深化對問卷調查結果,並進一步探討可如何改善計劃之推行及在社區推廣跨代共學的模式。從結果顯示,長幼學員透過參與本課程互相接觸及互動,增加彼此了解,使彼此的觀感及態度亦變得正面,達到促進跨代共融的目標。同時,幼童的社交技巧、接觸長者的動機及幼童的個人成長亦有所提升。長幼學員、課程導師及項目統籌人員均表示參加者能愉快地學習和十分享受參與本課程。

5. 從不同的的數據作綜合分析,促進「沒有年齡的課室」的成功因素包括: (i) 1對1的長幼配對,增加長幼學員之互動機會以便建立互信關係以及日後的情感聯繫; (ii) 課程時間節數安排要配合幼童的學習時間表 (如與暑假活動分開、每堂時數能讓幼童學員專心等) ;及 (iii) 招募適合的參加者,以其年齡、興趣喜好及性別進行配對 (如女性參加者明顯更為適合參與此類以幼童為對象的活動計劃)。

6. 關於課程的未來發展,研究建議推行機構可考慮以下5 個要點:(i) 除以1對1長幼配對外,亦可考慮同時加入1位長者對數名幼童,或1名幼童對數名長者的混合模式,這樣可以增加長幼學員與不同參加者的互動機會,進一步培養社交技巧;(ii) 可增加針對長者學員的課程內容 ,讓長者以學生身份投入各個課程活動;(iii) 讓一些能力比較高的長者參與課程設計及教材 (如讓長者準備自己過去相片與幼童分享過去時代點滴生活),為長者充權;(iv) 微調課堂時間以配合長者的活動時間表 (如可參考現時日間長者中心的活動時間);及 (v) 增加人手安排編制至5至8人,以便在推行活動過程中提供適時的支援 (如增設社工以應付課堂上幼童學員突發的情緒問題)。

總結

7. 綜合各種數數據證明「沒有年齡的課室」有效促進跨代共學與互助,為長者建立正面形象、提升他們的生活質素、亦能令幼童認識如何與長者溝通,改善社交技巧以及提升自尊感等。因此,其他長者服務機構、企業及教育團體可以仿傚此活動,在幼稚園 (即幼兒期) 便引入跨代共學的元素,促進代際間情感、知識與文化的傳遞,重塑「老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼」的價值觀,建立一個強調代間互助和共融的社會。


The Covid-19 Crisis And Intergenerational Relations : The Case Of Hong Kong Families With Older Parents Ageing In The Greater Bay Area In Mainland China, Bowen Zhou Nov 2023

The Covid-19 Crisis And Intergenerational Relations : The Case Of Hong Kong Families With Older Parents Ageing In The Greater Bay Area In Mainland China, Bowen Zhou

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has been developed by the Chinese central government since 2016. Driven by the development of the Greater Bay Area, the well-developed transportation has further provided chances for Hong Kong older people to reside in the mainland GBA cities. The relevant Hong Kong government departments have made a comparison showing that the number of Hong Kong older people (aged 65 and above) who are ageing in the Greater Bay Area of mainland China has increased to around 90,200 in 2019, a 33% increase from 2013. Given the most updated situation, these Hong Kong families with …


Challenges And Responses : The Impact Of Classification Methods Of Policies On First-Generation College Students In China And The Us, Ken Cheng Nov 2023

Challenges And Responses : The Impact Of Classification Methods Of Policies On First-Generation College Students In China And The Us, Ken Cheng

SOC 605 Comparative Social Policy Research Project - Student Works

In China and the United States, with the expansion of higher education, more and more people have become the first-generation of college students in their families. However, while gaining opportunities for social upward mobility, they also face many challenges, and the formation of these challenges is related to their multiple identities. In China, these challenges are more related to regional development differences, while in the United States, they are more impacted by identities such as immigrants and ethnic minorities. At the same time, the governments, universities, and society of both countries have introduced various policies to support first-generation college students, …


Comparative Study Of Barrier-Free City Construction In Shenzhen And Hong Kong, Fengyi Li Nov 2023

Comparative Study Of Barrier-Free City Construction In Shenzhen And Hong Kong, Fengyi Li

SOC 605 Comparative Social Policy Research Project - Student Works

The purpose of this research is to compare the barrier-free construction situation in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and to compare them in terms of hardware facilities, publicity concepts, financial investment, etc. Qualitative analysis was used, interviews were conducted with people with disabilities, and the data results were analyzed to draw the direction of the future development of barrier-free facilities in the two places.


Comparison Of Transportation Accessibility Policy Among Elderly In Hong Kong And Singapore, Hui Zheng Nov 2023

Comparison Of Transportation Accessibility Policy Among Elderly In Hong Kong And Singapore, Hui Zheng

SOC 605 Comparative Social Policy Research Project - Student Works

With the coming of the aged society, the right of the elderly to participate in social life has been paid more and more attention, and the aging population urgently needs to promote the construction of traffic accessible environment with the travel needs of the elderly as the core. Through the document analysis method of qualitative research, this study chose to make a comparative analysis of the transport accessibility policies of the elderly in Singapore and Hong Kong, aiming to provide policy recommendations for government departments to accelerate the construction of a convenient transport environment for the elderly and support their …


Cross-Watershed Horizontal Ecological Compensation System : Comparative Examples From China And Germany, Yanyao Yang Nov 2023

Cross-Watershed Horizontal Ecological Compensation System : Comparative Examples From China And Germany, Yanyao Yang

SOC 605 Comparative Social Policy Research Project - Student Works

In recent years, horizontal ecological compensation in the Yangtze River basin is a new policy for protecting the ecology. But it still has shortcomings in policy implementation. In contrast, Germany, which reached an ecological compensation agreement with the Czech Republic on the Elbe River as early as the 1990s, is a worthy reference object for China. Therefore, this study systematically reviews the literature on horizontal ecological compensation in China and abroad. It finds that the relevant literature on ecological compensation policies lacks composite research using research methods that combine qualitative and quantitative analysis. So, this study uses social network analysis …


Does Non-Financial Information Disclosure Promote Firm's Exports? Evidence From China's Mandatory Csr Reporting Regulation, Xin Chen Sep 2023

Does Non-Financial Information Disclosure Promote Firm's Exports? Evidence From China's Mandatory Csr Reporting Regulation, Xin Chen

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Although prior literature provides evidence on information technology's role in international trade, whether and how a firm's non-financial information disclosure affects export is underexplored. Using China's mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that firms binding to the requirement significantly boost exports compared to their nonreporting peers. To understand the economic mechanisms, we propose that the positive impacts could be exposited through two channels: (1) information transparency and (2) financial constraint. The economic mechanism tests provide suggestive evidence that the effects are more substantial when firms are inferior in information transparency and financial constraint before …


香港居家安老面對的挑戰 : 服務提供者及使用者之經驗, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Mun Yu, Vera Tang, Lai Ieng Jay Lau, Kui Wai Gordon Chick, Sheung Wan, Wanda Wong, Kong Lung Yeung Sep 2023

香港居家安老面對的挑戰 : 服務提供者及使用者之經驗, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Mun Yu, Vera Tang, Lai Ieng Jay Lau, Kui Wai Gordon Chick, Sheung Wan, Wanda Wong, Kong Lung Yeung

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

隨著人口老化,居家安老成為香港社會重大的挑戰。政府多年來提倡「居家安老為本,院舍照顧為後援」的政策方針,透過加強社區照顧服務,以減少院舍入住率。然而,政策需要由家居環境、以至社區支援互相配合,創造可供市民居家安老的先天條件方能成事。本研究旨在探討香港推行居家安老時所面對的困難與挑戰。研究團隊訪問了30名60歲或以上、曾經或正在使用長者服務的使用者和19名從事長者社區照顧及支援服務行業的服務提供者,從不同的角度探討長者居家安老的狀況和社區照顧及支援服務的成效。

研究團隊綜合了長者居家安老的狀況,提出了幾方面的改進建議。在家居環境和社區設施方面,建議 (1) 政府應主動協助長者改善「居住環境」和安裝「緊急呼叫系統」,並(2) 建設合適長者的公共交通工具和道路設施和交通配套。在醫療層面方面,建議 (3) 資助有緊急需要的長者使用私營醫療服務、(4) 擴展醫療券計劃至購買坊間藥物和 (5) 改善普通科門診醫療預約系統和公開長者預約專籌的數量及其使用狀況。在長者社區照顧及支援服務方面,建議 (6) 檢視社區照顧服務券的宣傳和使用狀況、(7) 對長者家庭進行家訪,及早識別有需要個案和 (8) 檢視未來各區長者比例,規劃長者設施服務。

研究團隊分析了社福機構人員在提供長者服務過程中所遇到的困難後,提出了四方面的建議,分別爲 (1) 改進安老服務人員資歷架構和服務外包、(2) 簡化並加強服務資訊的宣傳、(3) 優化一站式服務平台及個案管理和 (4) 制訂長遠的安老政策方向。


照顧者實用資訊手冊, 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心 Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Chak Kwan, Dickson Chan, Kin Chung Cheung, Lai Ieng Jay Lau, Sin Yui Sharon Chan, Kin Ho William Li, Ka Ho, Alan Li Sep 2023

照顧者實用資訊手冊, 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心 Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Chak Kwan, Dickson Chan, Kin Chung Cheung, Lai Ieng Jay Lau, Sin Yui Sharon Chan, Kin Ho William Li, Ka Ho, Alan Li

Manual & Guide 手冊及指引

手冊源起

香港面對人口高齡化,醫療和福利系統無可避免面臨持續的挑戰。照顧者因壓力問題而引發的家庭悲劇時有發生,反映照顧者自身亦極需要社會的重視和支援。

現時照顧者人數眾多,當中不乏配偶、父母、子女、女婿、媳婦,對長者照顧及社會無酬的付出,確實值得社會的認同和肯定。然而,儘管本港為長者及照顧者提供不少支援服務,由於不同的原因,照顧者似乎未有善用現有的服務,常常需要一力承擔所有照顧的責任,這無疑增加了他們的壓力。

照顧者需求多樣性

照顧者有不同種類,所需要的服務或支援亦有所不同。例如:「新手照顧者」剛開始接觸照顧工作,需要盡快提升日常護理和相關的疾病知識,以及獲得合適的離院/復康服務支援。「隱蔽照顧者」一直承擔照顧工作但沒有接受任何支援,因此,他們需要的是服務提供者/鄰里的主動接觸,並被轉介合適的照顧服務,以分擔他們部分照顧工作。「高危照顧者」幾乎長時間被照顧的工作佔據了其生活,他們需要的是喘息空間和暫託服務,甚至可能是情緒支援。即使「資深的照顧者」也可能需要喘息或暫託的支援服務去減輕壓力;而結束了照顧工作的「畢業照顧者」,無論是情緒的支援,還是重新規劃財務與就業的安排,都有非常實際的需求。基於照顧者的不同需要,照顧者的支援和服務也是多樣化,如何讓不同種類的照顧者能夠輕易了解現有的社區支援服務、可考慮甚麼因素選取相關服務、如何獲取所需的支援包括申領經濟支援或預早準備長期護理開支、如何自強增值等,都是這本手冊希望解答的問題。

手冊的目的

編製這本手冊的目的就是要減少照顧者四處尋找資訊的麻煩,提供一個整全且易於瀏覽的資訊來源。本手冊主要有兩大目標:其一,幫助照顧者認識不同的服務和資源,積極尋求援助;其二是一站式提供豐富的資訊服務,提升照顧者的能力和平衡身心健康。

手冊的意義

此手冊的社會意義是期望提高大眾對照顧者需要的關注,並引導更多的行動以支援照顧者。如果您的親友是照顧者,又或您認識的朋友甚至鄰居正面對照顧家人的困難,您可以主動伸出援手,又或利用這本手冊作為啟示,向他們介紹相關的服務。

另外,這本手冊可以視作為支援照顧者的工具,讓照顧者明白在承擔照顧家人的重任時並不需要孤軍奮戰,也可以善用社區提供的各種資源和服務。

手冊架構

本手冊由四個主要部分組成,每部分都專注於特定的主題,旨在提供照顧者的全方位支援和資訊,幫助他們在面對挑戰時能夠有所依賴,並從中獲得力量:

第一部分主要提供基礎知識,其中包括不同種類的照顧者的介紹、四種長者常見疾病(包括認知障礙、中風、老年抑鬱和癌症)的病徵說明、以及照顧者可能面臨的壓力與「喘息服務」的重要性。第二部分專注介紹長者常用的社區及健康服務。我們按照地區將服務機構進行了分類,羅列「認知障礙、中風、老年抑鬱、癌症」常用的服務機構,此外,我們還提供家居安全、樂齡科技租賃服務,以及財務支援等相關建議。第三部分將焦點重新放回照顧者身上,提供了支援照顧者的社福機構介紹、照顧者同路人的心得分享,以及照顧者的培訓資訊,旨在幫助照顧者在面對困難時能自強不息。最後,在本手冊的結尾部分,我們特別邀請了四位專家學者就照顧者政策提出見解和建議,為加強照顧者支援服務提供新思路。

如果按持份者來分類,手冊的四個部分的重點如下:

第一部分:照顧者的基礎知識

◎ 針對預備照顧者、新手以及隱蔽照顧者,讓他們了解照顧者的角色和需要;照顧體弱長者的基礎知識,並提供應對壓力的建議,包括自我照顧和喘息服務等。

第二部分:照顧者支援

◎ 針對所有護老者,提供長者常用的社區服務、健康服務和支援計劃,包括暫託、住宿、護送及陪診、善別支援、情緒支援、復康用品津貼及租賃的支援計劃,以及財務策劃師提供的理財貼士。

第三部分:照顧者自強

◎ 針對照顧者,資訊包括不同的照顧者支援組織、同路人和畢業照顧者的經驗心得、培訓課程,以及實用的電子資訊平台推介。

第四部分:對照顧者支援政策的看法和展望

◎ 針對服務提供者、政策倡議者及制定者,提供專家學者對照顧者服務及政策的未來發展方向的看法和建議,以期引發更多關於「如何為照顧者提供更好支持」的討論。

給讀者的使用指引

本手冊內容十分豐富,讀者可以先瀏覽目錄,選擇與您相關的部分進行細讀。對於新手照顧者或剛接觸/關注護老服務的人士(例如:學生、社區人士),我們建議您可以參考手冊第24-33頁「給照顧者的智慧錦囊」的個案,了解不同照顧者可能面對的情境,這可能會給您一點概念,讓您可以考慮尋求哪些支援服務,又或您身邊照顧者朋友有哪些需要,以及如何協助他們獲取所需要的支援。我們深知閱讀本手冊時,您可能會遇到一些不明白的地方,請不必感到困惑。您可以嘗試找身邊的朋友、鄰居或社會服務機構的工作人員一起閱讀,或者向本中心的職員進行查詢。

此外,為方便讀者可以隨時隨地閱讀而不需要攜帶整本手冊,我們為本手冊設立了一個專屬網頁,免費下載整本手冊或某些章節內容。

希望您在閱讀的過程中能找到有用的資訊,並能從中獲得實際的幫助。


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最低工資有幾低? 貧窮新一代的就業困境報告, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, Man Kit Chui, Haocheng Yang, Nga Man Wong, Peier Chen, Xinmiao Song, Shi Chi Leung, Ngai Pun

CCRD Research Report

為了解香港青年對就業、貧窮、體面生活、相關政策的看法,以及他們收入和支出的情況,嶺南大學政策研究院、文化研究及發展中心聯合進行一項題為《最低工資有幾低?貧窮新一代的就業困境報告》的調查。結果發現,四成接受深度訪談的青年自認貧窮,而絕大部分已有全職工作的受訪青年認為,最低工資調整幅度太低,自己未能受惠。

嶺大研究團隊從2022年5月至12月,先後透過兩輪深度訪談,訪問了67位18至29歲、收入低於2萬元、有工作經驗的青年。另外,團隊亦透過兩輪問卷調查,分別收集到164份及253份有效回覆。

調查結果發現,絕大部分年輕人覺得自己的工資太低,待遇與工作不相稱。受訪青年的收入來源包括全職工作、兼職工作。深度訪談年輕人的收入中位數為15,200元,而問卷調查的收入中位數結果則是6,000至9,999元。一方面,大部分有全職工作的青年認為自己工時長、部分行業長期低薪,比不上任職其他行業的同輩,而覺得不滿。壓力同時來自高昂的生活成本和遙不可及的人生目標,包括置業。

大約四成接受第二輪深度訪談的青年自認是貧窮,他們對於貧窮有多元化的理解。有青年認為三餐不繼才算得上貧窮,有些人覺得人工未達到港人月入中位數就算是貧窮,亦有人認很多目標未能達成,導致「精神貧窮」。其餘自覺不貧窮的青年部分歸因於家庭支援,可以滿足基本需求以外的消費,例如購物和旅遊。

絕大部分已有全職工作的受訪青年覺得最低工資調整幅度太低,自己未能受惠。無論認為自己屬於中產或基層的受訪者,均有共識,認為即使法定最低工資水平提升至40元依然是太低,與市場脫節,調整幅度不合理。不少人往往將最低工資時薪和「一餐飯」的開支掛鉤,認為最低工資水平要吃得起「一餐飯」才合理。受訪者認為最低工資如有合理升幅及政策檢討,對基層家庭及兼職工作者有很大幫助。

問卷調查結果推算,受訪青年要滿足現時的生活開支水平,時薪應該要達到71.6元。問卷調查的結果顯示青年的個人月均生活支出為16,789元,扣除教育開支,平均每月支出約14,894元,按一個月工作26日,每日8小時計算出時薪水平為71.6元,與目前最低工資水平相距很遠。

研究團隊建議,政府應從多方面著手解決此迫切的社會問題。首先,當局應檢討最低工資政策的定位,使它與其他扶貧政策互相配合,以保障不同需要的群體;第二,當局應透明化最低工資的調整過程,改為「一年一檢」;第三,團隊建議重啟標準工時立法程序,訂明標準工時應為每周40小時,加班工資應為正常工資的1.5倍,每月亦應設有加班和總工時上限,並以此為基礎制定「過勞死」的法律定義,把過勞死定為僱主須按《僱員補償條例》(第282章)作出補償的事故。最後,團隊建議政府主動開展設立失業保障制度的工作,包括探討供款式失業保險、檢討現行失業綜援、遣散費/長期服務金,並重視年輕人對相關政策的意見。


Sandurot Festival As Mugna : Exploring Modernity And Belonging Through The Civic Festival, Lady Flor Niñal Partosa Jan 2023

Sandurot Festival As Mugna : Exploring Modernity And Belonging Through The Civic Festival, Lady Flor Niñal Partosa

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Focusing on the Sandurot Festival organized by the City of Dumaguete in the Philippines, my study explores the process of embodying local identity as site to actualize modernity. To highlight this collaborative, creative, and often contentious process, I put forward the concept of mugna (a Cebuano word which means to create) to examine how social actors (such as festival organizers, cultural workers, and artists) configure nodes of belonging to the time and space of the city by engaging with notions of tradition, authenticity, progress, and development. As Cultural Studies stresses the significance of radical contextuality, I examine in this project …


From More Growth To Better Growth : The Challenge And The Way Out, Lok Sang Ho, Wing Lok Hung Jan 2023

From More Growth To Better Growth : The Challenge And The Way Out, Lok Sang Ho, Wing Lok Hung

PSEI/CERP Working Paper Series

The Chinese economy’s meteoric rise has caused alarm in the West. An article published online on the CNN website states, “China’s rapid technological advances have also made it a strategic threat to the United States and its allies. It’s steadily pushing American rivals out of long-held leadership positions in sectors ranging from 5G technology to artificial intelligence.” This, in truth, is the nature of the “threat” perceived by politicians in the West. It was also pointed out that “Until recently, some economists were predicting that China would become the world’s biggest economy by 2030, unseating the United States.” If China …


影視業勞工狀況中期研究報告2023, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 鄧立賢, 蔡美琦, 楊皓鋮, 梁仕池, 潘毅 Jan 2023

影視業勞工狀況中期研究報告2023, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 鄧立賢, 蔡美琦, 楊皓鋮, 梁仕池, 潘毅

CCRD Research Report

文化及創意產業是近年香港政府重點發展的產業,銳意將香港打造成「中外文化藝術交流中心」。然而文化及創意產業行內的運作模式、勞動條件和文化卻鮮有被研究。近期,業內發生了幾宗轟動的工業意外,備受社會關注。此外,媒體不時報導從業員被「拖糧」、長時間超時工作、行業前景受限等,反映需要深入研究創意產業勞工的工作狀態。在眾多的創意產業行業中,影視業的從業員人數較多,每年亦有大量畢業生投入市場,因此本研究報告集中討論影視行業的狀況。我們在今年四月至八月透過訪談接觸了30位從業員,訪問他們的入行經歷、勞動狀態、待遇等問題。另外在六月至八月,我們利用問卷調查了123名從業員,主要收集他們的接案協議及酬勞、工時及勞動強度、職業安全等數據。

研究發現

外判制度導致影視業工作普遍零散化、延遲支付酬勞(即「拖糧」)情況常見。問卷顯示,有42.3%回覆者表示在現時或上一份工作,開工前僅前有口頭或訊息協議,14.6%回覆者則在開工前沒有任何形式的協議。影視業的外判制度其來有自,經歷九十年代港產製作大幅萎縮,投資商須緊縮成本製作預算,改以承包及自由工作方式聘用勞工,導致從業員缺乏正式僱傭關係和相關勞工保障。零散化的勞動模式亦造成普遍的不合理待遇,包括「拖糧」、欠缺清晰的工作協議、內容修改和工時安排等。

影視業從業員的勞動強度普遍較高,過勞和工傷普遍,但甚少有適當處理。超過六成回覆者表示「頗多」或「經常」連續兩天工作12小時以上;76.4%回覆者表示試過或目睹工傷,不過,只有11.7%回覆者表示有向勞工處呈報工傷。

政策倡議

訂立從業員基本待遇守則。影視業應制訂標準合約以保障從業員的基本權益,包括明確的酬勞支付方式、日期、付款分期,以及具體的休息時間規定。在盡量減低各持份者的行政成本下,標準合約讓自由工作者享有合理保障。行業亦應規範每組拍攝之間的最短休息時間及每週休息日。政府應負起帶頭責任,規定受資助團體或個人必須以不亞於行業標準合約的待遇聘請製作人員。

訂立工業安全指引。業界組織、勞工團體和勞工處應盡快共同制定工業安全指引。勞工處應研究拍攝場地的安全隱患,參考現行法例和工作守則,製作適用的宣傳材料和訓練課程。確立工作守則後,勞工處可研究不同執法的可行性,例如要求呈報拍攝現場、巡查、鼓勵舉報不安全的拍攝環境等。勞工處應審視勞工法例,研究同時保障僱員、日薪從業員、自由工作者的工傷補償。另外,勞工處應積極研究將中暑和過勞納入工傷保障範圍。

政府須完善對影視業的資助。政府應完善電影發展資助階梯,並鼓勵影視製作人擴展到不同平台,開拓市場。同時須增加畢業生支援,並聯同業界和學界,研究影視製作的區域分工及香港影視界的比較優勢,並按此推行相關的教育、人才培訓和資助計劃,使香港影視業能在區域分工中突圍而出。


長者健康理財素養訓練指南, 嶺南大學政策研究院 Jan 2023

長者健康理財素養訓練指南, 嶺南大學政策研究院

嶺大賽馬會長者健康及理財教育計劃

此書冊為一本為社工及教學人員而設的健康理財素養教材套,內附各單元的活動流程設計及附加資料以供活動設計者參考。