Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Justice And Adaptation To Climate Change In The Asia Pacific Region : Designing International Institutions, Paul G. Harris, Jonathan Symons

CAPS Working Paper Series

Many developing states argue that they should be compensated for the costs of adapting to climate change. They point out that industrialised states are responsible for the bulk of historical greenhouse gas emissions and per capita first world emissions continue to dwarf developing world emissions. Yet, given the substantial internal inequality and rapidly rising emissions within developing states such as China and India, the same arguments that justify international adaptation compensation might equally justify internal redistributive measures. This paper addresses the question of how international institutions that fund adaptation to anthropogenic climate change should be designed. After reviewing both communitarian …

China's Efforts And The Development Of The Six-Party Talks In 2007, Keyu Gong

CAPS Working Paper Series

The Six-Party Talks concerning North Korea’s nuclear issue achieved significant progress in 2007 with the issuance of two joint agreements on the concrete steps towards the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Largely thanks to China’s strenuous efforts, the talks in 2007 were marked by clear objectives, a strong sense of time, direct emphases and high feasibility. Sharing important stakes on the issue, China has played an ever active role in promoting the communication and negotiation among all parties, which is widely acknowledged by the international society.

Collectivist Values For Productive Teamwork Between Korean And Chinese Employees, Yifeng Chen, Dean Tjosvold

CAPS Working Paper Series

The global marketplace increasingly demands that cultural diverse people work together but studies have documented important barriers to inter-cultural collaboration. Researchers have argued the need to study intercultural interaction directly in order to develop knowledge that diverse people can use to overcome obstacles and work productively. This study proposes that collectivist values are a basis upon which Korean and Chinese colleagues working in joint ventures in China develop quality collegial relationships and thereby work productively together. Chinese employees completed measures of collectivist and individualist values in their relationships with a Korean colleague. The Korean partners completed measures of collegial relationships, …

Designing Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Chien Peng Chung

CAPS Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Playing Games : The Two Koreas And The Beijing Olympics, Brian Bridges

CAPS Working Paper Series

Inter-Korean sporting contacts in and around the Olympics over the past 60 years suggest that there is a close relationship between politics and sports. For divided nations such as the two Koreas, which by their very rationale are involved in a highly-charged competition for legitimacy with their other ‘part-nation’, the Olympics have been a particularly potent arena for political posturing and manoeuvring. This paper examines the troubled history of the two Koreas’ endeavours to enter the Olympic movement and then out-do each other; the fruitless efforts to agree on a joint Olympic team (from early negotiations in Hong Kong in …

Sino-Rok Relations At 15 : An Overview And Assessment, Taeho Kim

CAPS Working Paper Series

For the past 15 years since their diplomatic normalization China and South Korea (ROK) have improved their bilateral ties to such an extent that each represents for the other one of the largest, if not the largest, trade and investment partners. China is also perceived as playing an essential role in the ongoing Six-Party Talks over North Korean nuclear issues and other likely major issues on the Korean peninsula. Yet, there also exists a growing yet littlediscussed list of potential problems and issues underlying their otherwise prosperous relationship. Prime examples include the North Korean “refugees” in China, the history of …

The North Korea-China Relationship : Context And Dynamics, Tim Beal

CAPS Working Paper Series

All bilateral relationships are embedded within a wider context, but nowhere is this context more important than in the North Korea China relationship. For North Korea (the DPRK), China has been a bulwark against the United States, and in earlier periods, a counterbalance to the Soviet Union. However, North Korea has always been wary of becoming too dependent on China and one reason, though obviously not the major one, for its desire to establish normal and even friendly, relations with the United States, and Japan, is to offset Chinese influence. For China also, the United States is the main focus …

The Economy, Lok Sang Ho

CAPS Working Paper Series

This paper reviews the economic policy since the handover. Evidence is presented and the case is argued that the serious recession and fiscal problems in 1998 were essentially a result of misguided housing policy. Hong Kong’s subsequent recovery and return to fiscal health, too, were essentially a result of a bold effort to reverse that misguided policy in late 2002. The paper commends the SAR government for its pragmatism and courage in the “incursion” in the stock market in the summer of 1998. CEPA was of course a great achievement for both Hong Kong and the Mainland, and Hong Kong’s …

On The Logic Of The Economic Integration Of Hong Kong Into The Greater China Economy, Hoi Cheung Cheung

CAPS Working Paper Series

Hong Kong has encountered an economic downturn since the outbreak of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. It was a result of the lack of long-term preparation for adjustment to changes in the industrial structure. Without a foundation to upgrade its industrial structure from labour-intensive manufacturing to mid and high-tech industry, Hong Kong could only transit its industrial structure directly from the secondary sector to the tertiary sector – financial services, trading and logistics, and related services. Nonetheless, due to the keen competition in terms of cost advantages from the neighbouring economies, mainly those regional economies in the Pearl River …

Participatory Welfare In South Korea : Meaning And Issues, K. H., Raymond Chan

CAPS Working Paper Series

‘Participatory Welfare’ is the term coined by the current Roh Moo-hyun government to distinguish its welfare reform from the previous Kim Dae-jung government’s ‘Productive Welfare’ policies. While the use of term ‘participatory’ is a convenient extension of its slogan ‘Participatory Government’, the details of Participatory Welfare are still evolving and results have yet to be seen. Observed from the documents and policies proposed or implemented so far, it has two key dimensions: promoting ‘participation’ and building up of a ‘welfare community’. The reforms are located in a context of civil society calling for greater participation and reforms in an increasingly …

From Aspac To Eas : South Korea And The Asian Pacific Region, Brian Bridges

CAPS Working Paper Series

South Korea’s diplomatic and security focus has inevitably been on North-east Asia and its difficult relationship with its northern neighbour, but South Korea also has a role to play in the broader Asian Pacific region. This paper analyses South Korea’s increasing economic, political and cultural links with the region and its role in the development of Asian Pacific regionalism. Utilising the concept of ‘middle power’, it argues that, while clearly South Korea cannot ignore what is happening in its immediate geographical environment, it does have the economic and political resources to enable it to take advantage of the opportunities for …

Labour Market Reforms And Polarization In Korea, K. H., Raymond Chan

CAPS Working Paper Series

From the early 1990s the South Korean government launched a series of structural reforms to liberalize and deregulate the economy and labour market, in line with its globalization strategy. Particularly after the financial crisis, flexible labour market reform was one of the major initiatives to keep the Korean economy competitive in the global market. This paper describes the rationale for flexible labour market reforms in Korea from the early 1990s, evaluates their impacts on labour market polarization, and assesses the policy responses adopted by Kim Dae-jung and the current Roh Moo-hyun governments. It is argued that the flexible labour market …

Equity Vs Excellence : A Preliminary Exploration Of Hong Kong's Education Reform, Anita, Y.K. Poon, Yiu Chung Wong

CAPS Working Paper Series

Although Hong Kong 's education system has long been criticized as lacking in creativity and putting too much emphasis on rote learning, on the whole it has served Hong Kong well in the past in that it has bred outstanding business, academic and po1itical leaders who maintained the competitive edge of Hong Kong. The traditional elite schools played a most important role in the process. The education reform, which is still on going, aims to overhaul the entire system by introducing the “through-road” model through changing the existing admission mechanism of Primary 1 and Secondary 1 students, combining different bandings …

Chinese Approaches To Institutionalizing Regional Multilateralism, Chien Peng Chung

CAPS Working Paper Series

Over the last few years, China has promoted all kinds of regional and sub-regional cooperation in Asia. However, the extent of China’s drive for institutionalization of cooperative regional multilateral processes is limited by two realist considerations: I) Distribution of power among the forum participants, and whether the major players are well-disposed towards China or not so and II) the importance of the issues that the specific forum is set up to deal with, particularly to the political, economic or security interests of China, but also that of other participating states.

China has successfully pushed for a high degree of institutionalization …

'Super Paradox' Or 'Leninist Integration' : The Politics Of Legislating Article 23 Of The Basic Law In Post-Handover Hong Kong, Yiu Chung Wong

CAPS Working Paper Series

Liao Zhengzhi, the late director of the Office of Hong Kong and Macau Affairs, once said that, on the resumption of Hong Kong’s sovereignty, Hong Kong needed only to change the flag and British governor after the Handover. While the press was full of doomsday prophecies about Hong Kong s future, there was another camp of 'super-paradox' theorists who genuinely believed that Hong Kong s status quo would not changed after the Handover, for an authoritarian one PQ1吵-dominated PRC could absorb a free- flowing Hong Kong without changing the nature of an open society. Contrary to doomsday prophets and 'super-paradox' …

關於中國建立反壟斷法體系的幾個基本問題 = Some Basic Issues About Establishing An Anti-Monopoly System In China, Ping Lin

CAPS Working Paper Series

中國的競爭法及其研究一直強調公平和社會正義，利用市場機制達到社會資源最優配置這一效率目標未受到應有的重視。中國應充分發揮經濟學在競爭法立法和執法方面的作用。競爭法保護的是競爭機制，而不是競爭者。中國應當儘快建立真正符合競爭政策精神的思維方式，擯棄與“看不見的手”不相符的辭彙和邏輯。在中國經濟日益融入世界經濟體系的過程中，競爭政策不應作爲保護和扶持國內企業，限制國外競爭者的工具， 競爭政策不是産業政策的替代品。中國政府應充分尊重市場機制，建立和展示對市場機制的信任，讓競爭發揮調節經濟活動的作用。建立獨立的有單一職責的反壟斷執法機構不僅是消除行政壟斷的必要，也是保證競爭法的實施不受産業政策左右的重要條件。

In contrary to the spirit of modern competition policy, China has been emphasizing almost solely the fairness and social justice aspects of antitrust. The objective achieving efficient allocation of resources has yet to be incorporated explicitly into China’s competition laws. China should make full use of economics principles in drafting and implementing its competition policy. Competition laws protect competition, rather than competitors. China should abandon the vocabulary and logics that are incompatible with the “invisible hand” doctrine, and establish ways of thinking of modern competition policy. Competition policy is no substitute for industrial policy, and should not be …

上海經濟龍頭作用中台商的影響與作用, 陸緋雲

CAPS Working Paper Series

以長江三角洲為依託的上海，在90年代以來進入了高速發展的軌道， 自92起上海的生產總值實際增幅均達雙位數，並超過全國總體增幅。上海無論是從城市規模、人均GDP、城市產品在國內或國際市場上的佔有率、利用外資規模，還是從城市知名度、城市影響力、城市創新能力上衡量，都已成為目前中國城市競爭當之無愧的領頭羊。中共十六大以來，中央政府對上海的發展提出了新思路，從而使上海建設世界級城市的設想浮出水面。上海要建設成為世界級的城市，上海要成為中國經濟發展的引擎和龍頭，這已經成為上海明確的城市定位和發展的方向。上海的繁盛和飛速發展已引起海外的廣泛注意，也引來了罛多的投資者：去年上海引入的直接投資協定額增五成六，實用額增百分四，均高於全國平均增幅。其中累積到今年9月份，台商的合同投資已達77.17億美元，今後幾年隨跨國公司及台商踴躍投資大型專案，估計引資增幅將持續高於全國水平。上海經濟的快速發展和上海對長江三角洲這一中國經濟龍頭地帶的巨大輻射力，使上海對台商投資呈現出愈來愈強大的吸引力。台商在對上海及以上海為中心的長江三角洲的投資經歷了若干發展階段以後，正呈現以相對單一到相對多元，由低層次到較高層次的投資結構轉化的趨勢，因此，筆者相信台商對上海及長三角地區的積極投入將會進一步對上海發揮巨大的經濟龍頭作用，產生積極的影響和作用。

Distant Neighbours? : Japan-Korea Relations Revisited, Brian Bridges

CAPS Working Paper Series

Japan’s relations with the two Koreas have remained complicated and controversial, as recent anti-Japanese protests in South Korea demonstrate. This paper discusses the progress in bringing reconciliation between Japan and South Korea through an examination of four elements in the bilateral relationship: the historical legacies, the economic competition, the security imperatives (including the relationship with North Korea), and the flows of popular culture and people. It argues that the slowly improving bilateral Japan-South Korea relationship, to which growing economic interdependence, heightened interest in popular culture, and shared beliefs in peace and stability in North-east Asia all contribute, is nonetheless still …

Exchange Rate Regimes And The Twin Economies Of Hong Kong And Singapore, Yue Ma, Y. Y. Kueh, Raymond, C. W. Ng

CAPS Working Paper Series

Based on a small, open-economy IS-LM prototype model, this paper examines the sources of macroeconomic instabilities in Hong Kong and Singapore operating under two similar cu訂ency board arrangements (CBAs). The empirical findings suggest that in general both extemal and intemal factors contribute to the macroeconomic volatilities observed in the two economies. Interestingly, whilst in Hong Kong interest rate is the single most important factor accounting for the variation in real GDP, price level and money supply, in most cases in Singapore the volatilities of these three macro variables cannot be attributed to a significant single facto r. Interest rate in …

China's Domestic And International Policies On Global Warming : Explanations And Assessment, Paul G. Harris, Hongyuan Yu

CAPS Working Paper Series

Global warming and resulting climate change present the world with major and potentially devastating challenges. China is among the countries that will suffer the effects of climate change. Although its per captia emissions of pollutants causing global warming remain relatively low compared to the world’s richest countries, China is now the second largest global polluter, and in coming decades it will overtake the United States as the world’s largest polluter of the global atmosphere. How China responds to this problem has profound implications for its people, its neighbors and the world. China has joined with other countries in debating this …

Chinese Environmental Attitudes And Climate Change : Survey Findings On Precursors Of China's Domestic And International Policies On Global Warming, Paul G. Harris

CAPS Working Paper Series

Attitudes toward the environment in China are ambiguous at best and anti-environment at worst. These attitudes are indicators of how the Chinese view the natural environment and how they are likely to behave toward it and respond to efforts to protect it—whether they will practice "green" development and preservation of nature, or instead contribute to practices that are turning China's air, land and water brown (or even black) with pollution. These attitudes are also important precursors to individual Chinese behaviours and the policies and actions of the Chinese government to combat global warming and climate change. As such, attitudes toward …

The Economic Challenges For The New Chinese Leadership, Yue Ma, Ping Wang

CAPS Working Paper Series

"The Impact of China's Accession to the WTO" 中國入世後的初步分析

This paper will first review the early concerns about China's entry to the WTO. Then we will evaluate the preliminary impact of the WTO membership on the Chinese economy, which turned out to be better than expected. We also discuss the current international debate on the Chinese currency renminbi revaluation and suggest that a gradual improvement of the current Chinese rigid exchange rate system will be inevitable.

Finally we will explore the potential problems and challenges to both economies of mainland China and Hong Kong in the future. We argue that …

Yesterday's Lei Feng And Today's Young People's Liberation Army Soldiers, Che Po Chan

CAPS Working Paper Series

Lei Feng has been propagandized as a model of emulation for the People's Liberation Army soldiers since the 1960s. This paper uses Lei Feng as a yardstick to measure contemporary young soldiers' general behaviors and orientations. We are interested to find out to what extent contemporary young soldiers have accepted the Chinese Communist Party's political education and have followed the norm set by the Party. It is found that the widely publicized Chinese role model has exerted little influence on contemporary young soldiers. Young soldiers today are utilitarian and materialistic, sharing the same youth culture with most Chinese youths of …

Societal Stability And Political Reform : Chinese Politics In The 1990s, Yiu Chung Wong

CAPS Working Paper Series

On 28 September 1995, Jiang Zemin delivered one of the most important speeches in his tenure as the General Secretary of the CCP in the Fifth Plenum of 14th CCP Congress, which is entitled “To Handle Correctly Certain Relationships in the Process of Socialist Modernization Construction”. On the top of the agenda was the relationships between reform, development and stability. To him, reform, in particular economic reform, must be pursued; development is the enhancing of national strength and stability is the pre-condition of development. Indeed, it is the equilibrium of these three sets of relationships that the CCP leadership strove …

Institutional Disarticulation : The Changing Educational Governance In Post-Handover Hong Kong, Y. K., Anita Poon, Yiu Chung Wong

CAPS Working Paper Series

This paper reviews the educational governance in the post-handover Hong Kong SAR by using a five actor theoretical framework, namely colonization, de-colonization, neo-colonization, re-colonization and globalization. The paper argues that, similar to the overall political governance in Hong Kong, the educational governance has been encountering institutional breakdown since the handover in 1997. However, the resulting chaos in the education sector could be comprehended through the perspectives of re-colonization and globalization.

Us-Japan Relations : Convergence And Divergence In The Post-September 11th World, Brian Bridges

CAPS Working Paper Series

Japan-US relations, which had been drifting in the late 1990s, were given a new lease of life by the new administrations of US President George W. Bush and Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro, both of whom argued for strengthening the alliance. This paper argues that, although the new sense of cooperation extended through to beyond the September 11th events, the US designation of an ‘axis of evil’ has paradoxically caused some divergence in the relationship. Japanese policies towards all three constituents countries of the ‘axis of evil’, Iraq, North Korea and Iran, differ in emphasis and nature from those of …

Competition Policy In East Asia : The Cases Of Japan, People's Republic Of China, And Hong Kong, Ping Lin

CAPS Working Paper Series

This paper describes and evaluates the competition policies in Japan, China, and Hong Kong. A simple framework based on the economic incentive of violations of law is used to evaluate the effectiveness of competition policy. After half a century of effort, Japan has finally established of a modern antitrust system, although its surcharge system could be further improved so as to enhance the deterrence effect of the law. China and Hong Kong (as most other East Asia countries) are at the early stage of developing an adequate and effective competition policy. Their short experiences, however, demonstrate the importance and complexity …

Dirty Coal : Voluntary International Environmental Agreements And Sustainable Development In The People's Republic Of China, Paul, G. Harris, Chihiro Udagawa

CAPS Working Paper Series

Agenda 21 is the voluminous policy document that emanated from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Using a brief case study of China’s energy use—specifically its use of coal—this article illustrates how the objectives of Agenda 21 are reflected in China’s economic development policies and practices. We address these kinds of questions: Has China endeavoured to implement environmentally sustainable development, as reflected in the chapters of Agenda 21? What does the case of energy use tell us about the utility of Agenda 21 objectives in China and other developing countries? What are some of the political and …

Do China And Hong Kong Constitute An Optimum Currency Area?, Yue Ma, Shu Ki Tsang

CAPS Working Paper Series

After the political unification of Hong Kong with China, Hong Kong is supposed to function as a separate economic entity under the framework of "one country, two systems". However, the increasingly close ties between the two economices have raised the possibility of full economic integration, and even of monetary union as the Chinese currency progresses towards full convertibility. This paper employs the theory of optimum currency area (OCA) and adopts recently developed techniques to test whether China and Hong Kong constitute an OCA. The empirical findings based on disaggregated historical data are overwhelmingly negative. Other considerations also point to a …

中國大陸加入 Wto 後政府職能之變遷 : 調適與挑戰, 陳德昇

CAPS Working Paper Series

中國大陸已於2001年12月1日成為「世界貿易組織」(World Trade Organization) 正式會員國。雖然大陸加入此一號稱「經濟聯合國」的經濟組織眾所關心的議題主要是對大陸產業的街擊，國有企業的生存競爭挑戰，以及失業的惡化，但事實上政府體制與職能的變遷與調控，更是值得重視的課題。換言之，加入世貿組織對應的主體首先是政府，其次才是企業。此外，大陸政府職能調過良好與否，亦將攸關大陸經濟市場化發展，以及政經體制變革之進程，其發展動向值得關注。

針對政府職能調整議題，本文由體制面、行為百與法制面分析與觀察：中國大陸加入WTO後政府職能調整與變遷趨勢，並評估其政府職能轉變較易實現之目標與較困難改變之處，以及WTO 規範「應然」(what ought to be) 面與大陸實際發展之「寶然」(what is) 面之落差與影響。最後將提出台商因應之道及大陸政府職能轉變與政經結構調整之展望。