Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Midlife Years: Human Capital And Job Mobility, Cheryl Elman

Cheryl Elman

No abstract provided.

Experimental Evidence On The Effect Of Childhood Investments On Postsecondary Attainment And Degree Completion, Susan Dynarski, Joshua Hyman, Diane Schanzenbach

Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach

This paper examines the effect of early childhood investments on college enrollment and degree completion. We use the random assignment in the Project STAR experiment to estimate the effect of smaller classes in primary school on college entry, college choice, and degree completion. We improve on existing work in this area with unusually detailed data on college enrollment spells and the previously unexplored outcome of college degree completion. We find that assignment to a small class increases the probability of attending college by 2.7 percentage points, with effects more than twice as large among blacks. Among those with the lowest …

Institutional Repositories At Small Institutions In America: Some Current Trends, Melissa Nykanen

Melissa Nykanen

The research reported in this article was undertaken to determine the level of implementation of institutional repositories (IRs) at small institutions enrolling fewer than 10,000 students. The study analyzed quantitative and qualitative data from IRs at a number of small institutions with the aim of observing relevant patterns and trends that may or may not be unique to small institutions. The study concludes that IRs at small institutions exist in significant numbers, and they exhibit some unique patterns, particularly in the benefits and challenges specific to small institutions, the association with IR consortia, and the focus on student research.

Risk Communication And College Students: The 2009 H1n1 Pandemic Influenza, Francisco Soto Mas, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

No abstract provided.

The Politics Of Acculturation: Female Genital Cutting And The Challenge Of Building Multicultural Democracies, Lisa Wade

Lisa Wade

No abstract provided.

Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical And Legal Perspective, Preston Elrod, R. Ryder

Preston Elrod, Ph.D.

The juvenile justice system is a multifaceted entity that continually changes under the influence of decisions, policies, and laws. The all new Third Edition of Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, offers readers a clear and comprehensive look at exactly what it is and how it works. Reader friendly and up-to-date, this text unravels the complexities of the juvenile justice system by exploring the history, theory, and components of the juvenile justice process and how they relate. Key Features: Provides current research on juvenile justice operations and effectiveness, including the most recent data available on juvenile arrest trends. …

Personal Ontological Information Responsibility, Jodi Kearns, Rhonda Rinehart

Jodi Kearns, PhD

Archivists and Librarians are subjected to social stereotypes by those outside and within the field of library and information science. Many of these role descriptions come from within the LIS professions themselves; the differences between information responsibilities of Archivists and Librarians are not clearly defined. The purpose of this paper is to dispel myths of distinguishable differences in information role responsibilities of Archivists and Librarians. A simple survey was developed and completed by Archivists and Librarians who volunteered to express, in their own words, up to three descriptions of what their information responsibilities are. Responses were recorded in the respondents' …

The Challenge Of The Côte D’Ivoire Crisis For West Africa: Exploring Options For A Negotiated Settlement, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi

Emmanuel Kwesi Aning

This paper discusses the political deadlock in La Côte d’Ivoire, cautions against the use of force, and calls on the international community to explore options for negotiated settlement. It argues that the use of force in the Ivorian situation will be a zero sum game in which the civilian populations of the country will suffer. On the contrary, a negotiated settlement presents the best opportunity for a win win situation in which the Ivorian population can be protected

Illustrating The Social Construction Of Race And Racial Stereotypes With Images, Gwen Sharp, Lisa Wade

Lisa Wade

No abstract provided.

Monitor The Future Survey, Richard Mora

Richard Mora

No abstract provided.

The Social Control Of Mothers, Lisa Wade

Lisa Wade

No abstract provided.

Competing Motivations, John Haiman

John Haiman

No abstract provided.

Changes In Body Mass During Elementary And Middle School In A National Cohort Of Kindergarteners., Ashlesha Datar, Roland Sturm, Victoria Shier

Roland Sturm

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in BMI, according to gender and race/ethnicity, in a nationally representative cohort of children in the United States during their elementary and middle school years to identify critical periods of excess BMI gains. METHODS: The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class monitored a nationally representative cohort of kindergarten students over 9 years (1998-2007). Height and weight measurements were available for 4240 white, 640 black, and 1070 Hispanic children in kindergarten and 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 8th grades. In each wave, we estimated the proportions of children with BMI values in each quartile of the Centers for …

Economic Status And Coping Mechanisms Of Individuals Seeking Hiv Care In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Brooke Stearns Lawson, Peter Glick, Glenn Wagner

Sebastian Linnemayr

This study uses novel data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the demographic and economic circumstances facing HIV-positive individuals who have just entered HIV care in Uganda. While the provision of HIV care and ART may improve physical health, to achieve the broader goal of improving the quality of life and socioeconomic viability of people living with HIV/AIDS, appropriate social and economic programs may need to complement treatment. We report results from baseline data of a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up period in two Ugandan HIV clinics. We use t-tests to examine differences across sample subpopulations and …

How To Build A Library Bookmas Tree, Kate Krause

Kate Krause

Step by step instructions on how to build a Christmas tree out of library books. A Bookmas tree!

Caregiving Styles: A Cognitive And Behavioral Typology Associated With Dementia Family Caregiving, Mary Corcoran

Mary A Corcoran

Purpose: An increasing number of elderly individuals

are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and

related disorders (ADRD), many of whom receive

daily caregiving from spouse or adult child. Caregiving

is a “cultural activity,” and as such it is strongly

influenced by sociocultural beliefs about caregiving

and how it should be enacted. Understanding this

thinking–action process has important implications

for future research and service. Reasoned action theory

provides empirical evidence that attitudes and

beliefs, as they are influenced by the social environment,

predict intentions to act. In turn, behavioral

intentions can reliably predict behaviors. This

grounded theory study describes a typology of …

Think Fast: Using Web-Based Reaction Time Technology To Promote Teaching About Racial Bias And Diversity, Kathryn Morris, L. Ashburn-Nardo, R. Padgett

Kathryn A. Morris

No abstract provided.

Liberia: A Briefing Paper On The Trc Report, Emmanuel Aning, Thomas Jaye

Emmanuel Kwesi Aning

The main purpose of this policy brief is to critically examine, and provide a capsule analysis and nuanced understanding of the context, mandate, reactions and key issues emerging out of the TRC report and recommendations. Subsequently, the essay puts forward some recommendations for immediate actions by the Government and people of Liberia as well as the broader international community of state and non-state actors in order to facilitate dialogue and informed social debates around the issues emerging out of the report.

Business Ethics As Rational Choice, John Hooker

John Hooker

No abstract provided.

Vistas In Common: Sharing Stories About Heritage Landscapes, Angela Labrador

Angela M Labrador

Rural communities in the United States have faced mounting pressure to develop their local economies in ways that threaten their historic agrarian landscapes and cultural practices. However, these communities are often wary of, if not hostile to, top–down approaches to historic preservation and landscape conservation. Community-engaged heritage protection strategies shift the focus from managing cultural and natural heritage as discrete resources to envisioning heritage and its protection as a form of community development. This paper presents a case study from rural New England in which the intergenerational sharing of narratives about heritage landscapes moves beyond simply commemorating the past, to …

Technology & Torts: A Theory Of Memory Costs, Nondurable Precautions And Interference Effects, Ben Depoorter

Ben Depoorter

This Article examines the influence of nondurable precaution technologies on the expansion of tort awards. We provide four contributions to the literature. First, we present a general, formal model on durable and non-durable precaution technology that focuses on memory costs. Second, because liability exposure creates interference, we argue that tort law perpetuates the expansion of awards. Third, because plaintiffs do not consider the social costs of interference effects, private litigation induces socially excessive suits. Fourth, while new harm-reducing technologies likely increase accident rates, such technologies also raise the ratio of trial costs to harm, leaving undetermined the overall effect of …

Consensus-Building Journalism: An Immodest Proposal, Gilda Parrella

Gilda Parrella

African Teachers On The Colonial Frontier: Tswana Evangelists And Their Communities During The Nineteenth Century, Stephen Volz

Stephen Volz

‘Properly, With Love, From Scratch’: Jamie Oliver’S Food Revolution, K. Valentine Cadieux

K. Valentine Cadieux

Special Issue On Amenity Migration, Exurbia, And Emerging Rural Landscapes, K. Valentine Cadieux

K. Valentine Cadieux

Relationships Between Appraisals Of Caregiver Communication Strategies And Burden Among Spouses And Adult-Children, Marie Savundranayagam, J. Orange

Marie Y Savundranayagam

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of caregivers’ appraisals of the effectiveness of their own communication strategies on caregiver burden when caring for family members with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Family caregivers (N = 84) of participants with AD completed questionnaires appraising communication strategies, problem behaviors, and levels of three types of burden.

Results: Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that effective strategies and kinship status were significantly linked with stress burden, whereas effective strategies and problem behaviors were significantly related to relationship burden. Cognitive status of participants with AD significantly predicted objective burden. Caregivers who …

Casualties In Civilians And Coalition Soldiers From Suicide Bombings In Iraq, 2003—10: A Descriptive Study., M Hicks, H Dardagan, P Bagnall, M Spagat, J Sloboda

Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks

BACKGROUND:

Suicide bombs in Iraq are a major public health problem. We aimed to describe documented casualties from suicide bombs in Iraq during 2003-10 in Iraqi civilians and coalition soldiers.

METHODS:

In this descriptive study, we analysed and compared suicide bomb casualties in Iraq that were documented in two datasets covering March 20, 2003, to Dec 31, 2010--one reporting coalition-soldier deaths from suicide bombs, the other reporting deaths and injuries of Iraqi civilians from armed violence. We analysed deaths and injuries over time, by bomb subtype and victim demographics.

FINDINGS:

In 2003-10, 1003 documented suicide bomb events caused 19% (42,928 …

Autism Spectrum Traits In The Typical Population Predict Structure And Function In The Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus., Elisabeth Von Dem Hagen, Lauri Nummenmaa, R Yu, Andrew Engell, Michael Ewbank, Andy Calder

Andrew Engell

The Graduate Pathways Survey: New Insights On Education And Employment Outcomes Five Years After Bachelor Degree Completion, Hamish Coates, Daniel Edwards

Dr Daniel Edwards

The development of a strong and vibrant knowledge-based economy is linked in direct ways with successful graduate outcomes. Building evidence-based insights on such outcomes plays an important role in shaping planning and practice. With this broad objective in mind, this article analyses findings from the Graduate Pathways Survey, the first national study in Australia of bachelor degree graduate outcomes five years after course completion. It begins by discussing key rationales and research contexts to position the study internationally and in terms of research on graduate careers, quality assurance and planning. Focus is then turned to highlighting findings from the study, …

Capella University Sponsors Autism Event, Lee Wilkinson

Lee A Wilkinson, PhD