Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Impact Of Stimulus Age On Emotional Face Recognition, Morgan Goslar

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Research supports the theory that stimuli, including experiences, words, and faces, with an emotional connotation are more easily remembered than stimuli with a more neutral connotation. The scientific community has expanded this theory by manipulating a variety of variables, including participant age, time between encoding and retrieval, and “taboo” words in comparison to more neutral categories, to name a few. The current study seeks to expand upon the previous findings by examining emotional and neutral facial stimuli while manipulating the age of the stimulus face. To do this, participants were shown 10 photos in each of the following categories: young …

The Multi, William L. Blizek, Monica Blizek

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a film review of The Multi (2022), directed by Storm S. Smith and Mikhail Chowdhury.

Interview With Natasha Ofili, Monica Blizek

Journal of Religion & Film

Natasha Ofili, the star and screenwriter of The Multi, was interviewed by Monica Blizek about the process that led to the creation of the film.

Jihad Rehab, John C. Lyden

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a film review of Jihad Rehab (2021), directed by Meg Smaker.

Disentangling The Creative Process: An Examination Of Diferential Antecedents And Outcomes For Specifc Process Elements, Gerben Tolkamp, Tim Vriend, Bart Verwaeren, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Bernard Nijstad

Psychology Faculty Publications

Building on theories of sensemaking, this study demonstrates the importance of disentangling the creative process. Specifically, we show that the specific elements of the creative process (problem construction, information search and encoding, and idea generation) are differentially related to both antecedents and specific types of creative outcomes. Using survey data from employees and their supervisors from a wide variety of organizations, we found that leader creative expectations were more strongly related to idea generation than to problem construction and to information search and encoding. Job autonomy, in contrast, was significantly related to problem construction, but not to information search and …

Editorial: Creativity And Innovation In Times Of Crisis (Covid-19), Min Tang, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Zorana Ivcevic

Psychology Faculty Publications

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has brought the world society, economy and people's daily lives into a crisis. At the time we are writing the editorial, this crisis has been accompanying us for almost 2 years and will still have far-reaching consequences beyond the spread of the disease. The focus of the current Research Topic is the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on creativity and innovation and vice versa, as well as their relationship to resilience and coping.

We are pleased to have received many submissions from authors representing different disciplines and countries. Through rigorous reviews, …

Leading Creative Teams: A Process-Perspective With Implications For Organizational Leaders, Salvatore A. Leone, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Leaders often find themselves managing teams of individuals who are tasked with creative problem-solving while confronting complex issues and ambiguous situations. Using a process perspective, we review three core processes of creativity (problem construction, idea generation, and idea evaluation/selection) and provide best-practice recommendations for leaders to increase their teams’ performance during each process. To facilitate problem construction, leaders should define constraints and goals without outright instructing teams on their course of action or defining the presenting problem. Leaders can apply project management techniques that budget for increased exploration and experimentation while building visions for the end product and providing opportunities …

Changes In Character Virtues Are Driven By Classroom Relationships: A Longitudinal Study Of Elementary School Children, Kendra J. Thomas, Josafa M. Da Cunha, Jonathan Santo

Psychology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to understand the role of school relationships in shaping students’ character development in middle childhood. Students and teachers completed surveys on student–teacher relationships, peer relationships, social-emotional learning (SEL), parent-teacher communication, and character strengths of fairness, hope, bravery, teamwork, self-regulation, social responsibility, and prosocial leadership. Participants were 1881 Brazilian children in fourth or fifth grade across 288 classrooms and 60 schools. Data were analyzed using a multi-level model framework. Higher student–student relationships were associated with higher starting scores of character strengths paired with a stronger increase among classes whose relationships improved over time. Higher quality …

A Mixed-Methods Study Of Creative Problem Solving And Psychosocial Safety Climate: Preparing Engineers For The Future Of Work, Michelle L. Oppert, Maureen F. Dollard, Vignesh Murugavel, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Alexander Reardon, David H. Cropley, Valerie O'Keeffe

Psychology Faculty Publications

The future of work is forcing the world to adjust to a new paradigm of working. New skills will be required to create and adopt new technology and working methods. Additionally, cognitive skills, particularly creative problem-solving, will be highly sought after. The future of work paradigm has threatened many occupations but bolstered others such as engineering. Engineers must keep up to date with the technological and cognitive demands brought on by the future of work. Using an exploratory mixed-methods approach, our study sought to make sense of how engineers understand and use creative problem solving. We found significant associations …

Contextual Variations In Associations Between Measures Of Aggression And Withdrawal And Functioning With Peers: A Replication Study, William M. Bukowski, Meelanie Dirks, Ryan Persram, Jonathan Santo, Dawn Delay, Luz Stella Lopez

Psychology Faculty Publications

Data from 790 older school-age (Mage = 10.2 years, SD = 1.2 years) girls (N = 427) and boys from Barranquilla, Colombia (N = 449) and Montréal, Canada (N = 331) were used to replicate findings reported by Valdivia et al. (2005). This prior study revealed contextual variations in the association between two measures of social behavior, specifically aggression and withdrawal, and two measures of effective functioning with peers, specifically sociometric preference and friendship. The Montréal participants were primarily from families with European backgrounds. The ethnicity of the participants from Barranquilla can be described as Latinx/Caribbean. Multilevel analyses provided evidence …

Gender And Emotions At Work: Organizational Rank Has Greater Emotional Benefits For Men Than Women, Christa L. Taylor, Zorana Ivcevic, Julia Moeller, Jochen I. Menges, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Marc A. Brackett

Psychology Faculty Publications

The way people feel is important for how they behave and perform in the workplace. Experiencing more positive−and less negative−emotions at work is often associated with greater status and power. But there may be differences in how men and women feel at work, particularly at different levels in their organizations. Using data from a nation-wide sample of working adults, we examine differences in the emotions that men and women experience at work, how gender interacts with rank to predict emotions, if the association between gender and emotions is accounted for by emotional labor demands, and if this relationship differs according …

Intellectual Risk Taking: A Moderating Link Between Creative Confidence And Creative Behavior?, Ronald A. Beghetto, Maciej Karwowski, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Having confidence in one’s creative ability seems necessary for creative behavior. The relationship, however, may not be as direct as creativity researchers have initially posited. Previous research on the relationship between creative confidence (CC) and creative behavior (CB) has yielded mixed findings. Moreover, emerging theoretical and empirical work suggests that the CC–CB relationship is moderated by other beliefs. In this exploratory study, we examined the relationship among intellectual risk taking (IRT), CC, and CB. Specifically, we tested 2 theoretical propositions. The first involved examining the posited relationship between creative confidence and creative behaviors. Consistent with our expectations, our preliminary results …

Intelligence And Creativity In The Space-Time Continuum For Education, Business, And Development, Giovanni Emanuele Corazza, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Ronald A. Beghetto, Todd Lubart

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this paper, we address the relationship between the intelligence and creativity constructs, by providing equal-level definitions and a parsimonious description of context, allowing the identification of situations in which either one or the other construct prevails, as well as situations in which they overlap and collaborate. The description of context is performed by introducing the metaphor of the space-time continuum, crossing the dimensions of conceptual space S and available time span T, each one varying in continuity from extreme tightness to extreme looseness. The usefulness of the space-time continuum is not limited to the pure comparison between intelligence and …

Creative Adaptability And Emotional Well-Being During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Study, Hod Orkibi, Adar Ben-Eliyahu, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Ines Testoni, Gianmarco Biancalani, Vignesh Murugavel, Fei Gu

Psychology Faculty Publications

The putative associations between creative adaptability and the experience of emotional well-being (i.e., a positivity ratio of more positive than negative emotions) was investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak with a sample of 1,432 adults from four countries: Israel (n = 310), United States (n = 312), Italy (n = 378), and China (n = 569). Country differences and a mediation model for creative adaptability predicting emotional well-being through creative self-efficacy, resilient coping, and emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) were examined. The findings point to slight differences in countries, which are potentially due not only to the …

Creativity In Virtual Teams: A Review And Agenda For Future Research, Roni Reiter-Palmon, William Kramer, Joseph A. Allen, Nignesh R. Murugavel, Salvatore A. Leone

Psychology Faculty Publications

As communication technology capabilities have improved and the globalization of the workforce has resulted in distributed teams, organizations have been shifting towards virtual teams and virtual meetings over the last decade. This trend has been accelerated with current work-from-home orders due to COVID-19. Even though virtual collaboration has, in the past, been the focus of multiple studies, there are some surprising gaps in our knowledge. For instance, there are few empirical studies examining the impact of virtual devices and tools on creative problem-solving. While there is a substantial body of research on electronic brainstorming and the use of virtual tools …

Frederick Wiseman's Essene (1972): The Duality Of Mary And Martha, Nilita Vachani

Journal of Religion & Film

America’s legendary documentary filmmaker Frederick Wiseman shot Essene 50 years ago at the height of the commune movement in the United States. Unlike his previous institutional films which showcase an insane asylum, a public high school, an inner city police force, a hospital, and a military training school, Essene's canvas is the far less turbulent terrain of a serene and austere Benedictine monastery devoted to the love and service of God and the divine spirit. This paper undertakes a close textual and hermeneutic analysis of Essene alongside an appraisal of Wiseman’s working methodology, his cinematic portrayals of character and dramaturgy, …

An International Perspective On Changes In Work Due To Covid-19, Sharon Glazer, Chet Robie, Catherine T. Kwantes, Mahima Saxena, Sachin Jain, Gonzalo Munoz, Siop International Affairs Committee

Psychology Faculty Publications

The very nature and format of work, along with its social and psychological dynamics, the labor market, and economic conditions within which it is embedded have undergone a large change in the months since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic (Kniffin et al., 2020; Rudolph et al., 2021). No country has been spared the spread of disease and nowhere are workers free from the impact and aftermath of COVID-19. Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O) faculty and practitioners have been keenly observing, tracking, and studying the changing nature of work, but few have been doing so from a cross-cultural and international …

Taking Inventory Of The Creative Behavior Inventory: An Item Response Theory Analysis Of The Cbi, Rebekah M. Rodriguez, Paul J. Silvia, James C. Kaufman, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Jeb S. Puryear

Psychology Faculty Publications

The original 90-item Creative Behavior Inventory (CBI) was a landmark self-report scale in creativity research, and the 28-item brief form developed nearly 20 years ago continues to be a popular measure of everyday creativity. Relatively little is known, however, about the psychometric properties of this widely used scale. In the current research, we conduct a detailed psychometric investigation into the 28-item CBI by applying methods from item response theory using a sample of 2,082 adults. Our investigation revealed several strengths of the current scale: excellent reliability, suitable dimensionality, appropriate item difficulty, and reasonably good item discrimination. Several areas for improvement …

Indirect Effects Of Hpa Axis Dysregulation In The Association Between Peer Victimization And Depressed Affect During Early Adolescence, Ryan E. Adams, Jonathan Santo, William M. Bukowski

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective

Previous research has identified a link between peer victimization and depressive symptoms during adolescence. The goal of the current study is to examine the possible indirect effects of HPA axis dysregulation in the link between adolescent peer victimization and depressive symptoms.

Method

A total of 113 boys (n = 61) and girls (n = 52) participants from grade 5 (M age = 10.31 years) and grade 6 (M age = 11.33 years) who were predominantly European-Canadian completed self-report measures of peer victimization and depressed affect as well as, measures of salivary cortisol and self-reports of …

Which Divergent Thinking Index Is More Associated With Problem Finding Ability? The Role Of Flexibility And Task Nature, Ahmed M. Abdulla, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Zainab M. Sultan, Alaa Eldin A. Ayoub

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Guide For Innovation In Lgbq+ Youth Peer Relationships Research, V. Paul Poteat, Sarah B. Rosenbach, Rhiannon L. Smith, Jonathan Santo

Psychology Faculty Publications

LGBQ+ youth (youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or with diverse identities other than straight or heterosexual) contend with unique stressors in the context of their peer relationships. They also access critical support from peers. These circumstances likely influence how LGBQ+ youth navigate and experience their relationships. Nevertheless, research remains limited in its breadth and depth of coverage of LGBQ+ youth's peer relationships. We suggest ways to advance such research within the following areas: (a) identity development in the peer context; (b) identity disclosure and “coming out” to peers; (c) initiating, developing, and maintaining friendships under marginalizing conditions; …

Socially Responsible Children: A Link Between School Climate And Aggression And Victimization, Josafa M. Da Cunha, Kendra J. Thomas, Paweena Sukhawathanakul, Jonathan Santo, Bonnie Leadbeater

Psychology Faculty Publications

Positive perceptions of school climate are associated with lower frequency of peer victimization and aggression in children. Understanding how school climate influences aggression and victimization is essential to guiding school-level interventions to enhance character strengths such as social responsibility. In this short-term longitudinal study, we test a theoretical model arguing that children’s social responsibility mediates the links between their positive perceptions of school climate (comprised of authoritative disciplinary classroom structure, classroom support, and teachers’ use of social–emotional learning [SEL] strategies) and changes in their reports of victimization and aggression, in a sample of Brazilian students in Grades 4 and 5 …

Taste Activity In The Parabrachial Region In Adult Rats Following Neonatal Chorda Tympani Transection, Louis J. Martin, Joseph M. Breza, Suzanne I. Sollars

Psychology Faculty Publications

The chorda tympani is a gustatory nerve that fails to regenerate if sectioned in rats 10 days of age or younger. This early denervation causes an abnormally high preference for NH₄Cl in adult rats, but the impact of neonatal chorda tympani transection on the development of the gustatory hindbrain is unclear. Here, we tested the effect of neonatal chorda tympani transection (CTX) on gustatory responses in the parabrachial nucleus (PbN). We recorded in vivo extracellular spikes in single PbN units of urethane-anesthetized adult rats following CTX at P5 (chronic CTX group) or immediately prior to recording (acute CTX …

Cultural Skills As Drivers Of Decency In Decent Work: An Investigation Of Skilled Workers In The Informal Economy, Mahima Saxena

Psychology Faculty Publications

Over 61% of the world’s population lives and works in the informal economic sector. However, workers in the informal economy are conspicuous by their relative absence in work psychology research and practice. Policy agendas inspired by economic research often combine skilled and unskilled workers into a single category, lacking the voice of the poor worker and a psychological understanding of work in the informal sector. Using grassroots-level field data from highly skilled artisans in rural India, this study unearths the person-centric inner experiences of informal work, and examines the psychological foundations of Decent Work in a heretofore unexamined population of …

A Test-Retest Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis Of Judgments Via The Policy-Capturing Technique, Ze Zhu, Alan J. Tommassetti, Reeshad S. Dalal, Shannon W. Schrader, Kevin Loo, Isaac E. Sabat, Balca Alaybek, You Zhou, Chelsea Jones, Shea Fyffe

Psychology Faculty Publications

Policy capturing is a widely used technique, but the temporal stability of policy-capturing judgments has long been a cause for concern. This article emphasizes the importance of reporting reliability, and in particular test-retest reliability, estimates in policy-capturing studies. We found that only 164 of 955 policy-capturing studies (i.e., 17.17%) reported a test-retest reliability estimate. We then conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on policy-capturing studies that did report test-retest reliability estimates—and we obtained an average reliability estimate of .78. We additionally examined 16 potential methodological and substantive antecedents to test-retest reliability (equivalent to moderators in validity generalization studies). We found that …

Gender Minoritized Students And Academic Engagement In Brazilian Adolescents: Risk And Protective Factors, Alexa Martin-Storey, Jonathan Santo, Holly E. Recchia, Shayla Chilliak, Henrique Caetano Nardi, Josafa M. Da Cunha

Psychology Faculty Publications

Gender minoritized students experience unique challenges in their school environments that may have consequences for their educational outcomes, including academic engagement. The goal of the current study was to understand the association between gender identity and academic engagement among adolescents attending public high schools in Paraná, Brazil (N = 10,828). In particular, student perceptions of student-teacher relationships, school rule fairness and clarity, school-wide academic engagement, and peer victimization were examined as four facilitator/barrier factors that may account for lower levels of academic engagement for gender minoritized students as compared to their cisgender peers, and these processes were tested for …

Gender Differences In The Effects Of Complementary Versus Competitive Gender Stereotypes On System Justification And Tolerance Of Sexism, Jordyn Bingham

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Research has shown that people often support social systems that are not in their best interests (Kay & Jost, 2003). One way that people may justify support for such social systems is by focusing on beneficial characteristics. For example, people exhibit greater system justification when people are described as poor but happy (complementary attributes) as opposed to poor and unhappy (non-complementary attributes) (Kay & Jost, 2003). The present study examined the effects of complementary (i.e., that women and men fulfill different career roles) versus competitive (i.e., that women and men compete for the same career roles) gender stereotypes on women’s …

“Because I Said So”: The Effect Of Parenting Practices On Adolescent Adjustment, Brittany Sullivan

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This study aimed to examine the relationship between specific parenting practices (i.e., psychological control, behavioral control, and parental expectations) and adolescent adjustment outcomes (i.e., internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and self-worth). It was hypothesized that psychological control would have a positive relationship with internalizing behaviors and a negative relationship with self-worth. It was also hypothesized that behavioral control would have a negative relationship with externalizing behaviors and a positive relationship with self-worth. The study was longitudinal as data collection occurred over a 5-year period in order to determine if parenting practices not only affect adolescent adjustment outcomes, but if they do …

Covid-19’S Impact Of Social Isolation On Seniors In An Assisted Living Facility, Mary Mclaughlin

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

This study explores the impact of social distancing precautions in response to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic by resident seniors in an assisted living facility. Previous studies describe how social distancing regulations can amplify feelings of loneliness in all age groups. However, pandemic-related lockdowns and social distancing measures disproportionately affect vulnerable older populations. Resident seniors in an assisted living facility in Omaha, NE participated in a semi-structured interview focused on the perceived impact of COVID-19 safety precautions. Participants reported a temporal dimension of impact, specifically, an increased level of loneliness in the evening, but also discussed the importance of encouragement …

Self-Continuity In Adolescence: A Buffer Against Decreases In Self-Esteem Due To Vicitmization, Gabriela Alvarez

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The purpose of this research was to explore how components of self-esteem, such as social, cognitive and physical competence, can explain the buffering effect of self-continuity. Self-continuity explains the associations between individuals themselves in both past and present and perceived sameness, despite growth and development of the self. As self-continuity becomes more complex throughout adolescence, children may find themselves lacking a sense of identity. Previous research shows that negative views of the self may later represent themselves in adulthood. There is evidence that suggests self-continuity protects against the negative effects of peer victimization by providing positive connections between one another. …