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Articles 91 - 120 of 1010
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Extracting Information From Compact Binary Coalescences With Gravitational Waves, Xiaoshu Liu
Extracting Information From Compact Binary Coalescences With Gravitational Waves, Xiaoshu Liu
Theses and Dissertations
Gravitational waves (GWs) radiated by compact binary coalescences (CBCs) carry useful information about their sources. These source properties obtained via the parameter estimation technique can help us to answer a wide range of physics problems. In this dissertation, I will present three major research projects. Firstly, binary neutron stars (BNSs) detected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are ideal to study the equation of state (EoS). The EoS enters GW waveforms through tidal deformability, which can be measured by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. By performing Bayesian model selection, we can test plausible models from a large set of proposed …
Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass Using Leptonic Observables In Tt Events Produced In Pp Collisions At Sqrt S = 13 Tev With The Cms Experiment At The Lhc, Mark Douglas Saunders
Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass Using Leptonic Observables In Tt Events Produced In Pp Collisions At Sqrt S = 13 Tev With The Cms Experiment At The Lhc, Mark Douglas Saunders
Theses and Dissertations
A novel method is presented for the measurement of the top-quark mass using only leptonic observables in tt events produced in pp collisions at SQRT(s)= 13 TeV.Data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1, were collected with the CMS detector during LHC Run II in 2016. The measurement uses the top-quark mass dependence of multiple kinematic distributions comprised from the dilepton eμ final state of tt events. The top-quark mass dependence of each kinematic distribution is calibrated using events generated with a NLO Monte Carlo simulation, and for the first time, with a second simulation that includes the exact …
Enhanced Detection Efficiencies And Reduced False Alarms In Searching For Gravitational Waves From Core Collapse Supernovae, Gaukhar Nurbek
Enhanced Detection Efficiencies And Reduced False Alarms In Searching For Gravitational Waves From Core Collapse Supernovae, Gaukhar Nurbek
Theses and Dissertations
A supernova is a star that flares up very suddenly and then slowly returns to its former luminosity or, explodes violently with energy $10^{52}$ erg. There are stars which are 10 times or more massive than the Sun, which usually end their lives going supernova. When there is no longer enough fuel for the fusion process in the core of the star and inward gravitational pull of the star’s great mass takes place, the star starts to explode. A series of nuclear reactions starts taking place after the star begins shrinking due to gravity. In the final phase of this …
Design And Modeling A Tunable Non-Hermitian Acoustic Filter, Sandeep Puri
Design And Modeling A Tunable Non-Hermitian Acoustic Filter, Sandeep Puri
Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, we explore an application of a non-Hermitian acoustic system with tunable loss in filtering specific frequencies from an upcoming signal at will. Using the commercial computational software, we design our proposed tunable filter made of a phononic super-lattice. The super-lattice consists of two sublattices connected in series. The first sublattice is Hermitian, whereas the other can be Hermitian or Non-Hermitian depending on the amount of loss induced in it. By introducing the loss in the system, we observe the generation of absorbed resonances that can be seen in the reflection spectrum. The range of the filtered frequencies …
Automated Identification Of Lines In Data From Gravitational Wave Detectors, Thomas A. Cruz
Automated Identification Of Lines In Data From Gravitational Wave Detectors, Thomas A. Cruz
Theses and Dissertations
On the frontier of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy, the LIGO detectors record vast quantities of data that need to be analyzed constantly for rare and transient GW signals. A foundational problem in LIGO data analysis is the identification of spectral line features in the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the data. Such line features correspond to high power terrestrial or instrumental signals that must be removed from the data before any search for GW signals can take place. In this study the method developed aims to automate the extraction of the frequencies and bandwidths of the lines, treated as sharp …
Numerical Modeling For Patch Antennas, Luis Mario Bres Castro
Numerical Modeling For Patch Antennas, Luis Mario Bres Castro
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis will focus on creating a number of designs that will be tested in a simulation environment using an electromagnetic solver software called Computer Simulation Technology(CST) as well as we are going to develop our own model to be able to simulate more complex design due to the limitations of CST licensing. The simulations will help us optimize the parameters of gain-frequency allocation for future projects of antenna building. After doing a parametric study of a patch antenna we will develop a model for the return signal of a signal patch antenna, we will present four potential models. The …
Investigation Of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Quaternary Structure Through Fluorescence Micro-Spectroscopy And Theoretical Modeling: Interdependence Between Receptor-Receptor And Receptor-Ligand Interactions, Joel David Paprocki
Theses and Dissertations
Proteins are of high interest in biophysics research due to the important roles they play within cells, such as sensing of chemical (ions and small molecules) and physical (e.g., light) stimuli, providing structure, transporting ions/molecules, signaling, and intercellular communication. The studies described in this dissertation focus on a particular type of membrane proteins known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which play a key role in cellular response to external stimuli. We used the sterile 2 α-factor mating pheromone receptor (Ste2), a prototypical class D GPCR present within Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). Ste2 is responsible for initiating the second messenger signal …
Topologically Robust Bulk State In Non-Hermitian Acoustic System, Jannatul Ferdous
Topologically Robust Bulk State In Non-Hermitian Acoustic System, Jannatul Ferdous
Theses and Dissertations
A closed system associated with Hermitian Hamiltonian allows real eigenvalues. However, the behavior and dynamics an open system (with gain and loss) will be addressed through the Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Though a non-Hermitian operator can allow only imaginary eigenvalues, if the Hamiltonian of a non-Hermitian operator obey the combined parity time (PT)-reversal symmetry it exhibits the real eigenvalues or energy spectrum. That is where the topology comes into account. If we add gain, loss or disorder in the system in such a way that the topology of the system does not change and keeping the …
Feasibility Study Of ΛD Elastic Scattering In Data From Photoproduction Off Deuteron, Brandon Steven Tumeo
Feasibility Study Of ΛD Elastic Scattering In Data From Photoproduction Off Deuteron, Brandon Steven Tumeo
Theses and Dissertations
Experimental observables for hyperon-deuteron (Yd) scattering are important in the study of the YN interaction and, especially, the YNN three-body interaction. YN scattering experiments are difficult and lacking due to the short lifetime of hyperons. Currently, there is a very limited database for YN elastic scattering cross-sections, and there is no data on Yd elastic scattering cross-sections. The high-luminosity Jefferson Lab experiment E06-103 (g13), in which a real-photon beam was incident on a 40-cm- long liquid deuteron target, offers a unique opportunity to look for hyperon-deuteron elastic scattering signal, Λd being the most promising. In such a dataset, the Λ …
Expanding The Frontiers Of Supernova Cosmology In Preparation For Next Generation Telescopes, Justin Roberts-Pierel
Expanding The Frontiers Of Supernova Cosmology In Preparation For Next Generation Telescopes, Justin Roberts-Pierel
Theses and Dissertations
Supernova (SN) research has been the source of many astronomical discoveries over the past several decades, most prominently the accelerated expansion of the universe by so-called “dark energy” in 1998. Next generation surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Nancy G. Roman Space Telescope, in large part through traditional luminosity distance measurements with Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), are set to reveal more about the nature of dark energy this decade than at any time in history. The enormous SN Ia samples from Roman and Rubin mean cosmological inferences will no longer be limited by statistical uncertainties, …
Measurement Of N* Cross-Sections From Single-Pion Electroproduction At Low Q^2, Nicholas Scoville Tyler
Measurement Of N* Cross-Sections From Single-Pion Electroproduction At Low Q^2, Nicholas Scoville Tyler
Theses and Dissertations
Measurements of nucleon electroexcitation resonance cross-sections give unique insight into the dynamics of the strong interaction and our knowledge of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The analysis of exclusive electroproduction data is an important tool in understanding the structure of the nucleon and its excited states. Exclusive channels give a clear way to extract the desired resonant contributions from non-resonant contributions. A gap in the helicity amplitudes extracted from single-pion cross-section data exists for virtual photon momentum transfers ($Q^2$) in the range of $1-2~\mathrm{GeV}^{2}$. Using data collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) detector with a beam energy of $4.8~\mathrm{GeV}$, the …
Measuring Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Effects In Magnetically Self-Assembled Multiferroic Janus Nanofiber Chains: A Quest For New Techniques To Study Multiferroic Nanomaterials, Bryan Lucas Chávez
Measuring Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Effects In Magnetically Self-Assembled Multiferroic Janus Nanofiber Chains: A Quest For New Techniques To Study Multiferroic Nanomaterials, Bryan Lucas Chávez
Theses and Dissertations
Bi-phasic composite multiferroics couple piezoelectric and magnetostrictive proper- ties via an interfacial strain, allowing for control of their magnetic properties with electric fields and vice versa. Nanofibers have a larger area-to-volume ratio than thin films and are not affected by substrate clamping, leading to a predicted magnetoelec- tric coupling an order of magnitude higher than those found in thin-film multiferroics. Nanofibers have potential applications in photonics, nanoelectronics, biosensing, and optoelectronics. This work focuses on measuring magnetoelectric effects in electro- spun nanofibers made of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). To transform the disordered …
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Theses and Dissertations
Topological systems are immune to decoherence and provide a hunting ground for qubits that are fault tolerant. The process of calculating linear operator representations of Majorana fermion exchanges or braids is well known and well documented; however, there is no documented intuition or algorithm which provides the opposite; braids from quantum gates. In this document, all possible linear representations of single, double, triple, and quadruple qubit gates are calculated to find several key patterns which provide crucial insight into the manifestation of qubit gates. A n x n gate will require n + 2 Majoranas with ½n + 1 trivial …
Error Reduction For The Determination Of Transverse Moduli Of Single-Strand Carbon Fibers Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Joshua D. Frey
Error Reduction For The Determination Of Transverse Moduli Of Single-Strand Carbon Fibers Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Joshua D. Frey
Theses and Dissertations
The transverse modulus of single strand carbon fibers is measured using PeakForce Atomic Force Microscopy - Quantitative Nanomechanical Measurement to less than 5 percent error for 11 types of carbon fiber with longitudinal moduli between 924-231 GPA, including export-controlled fibers. Statistical methods are employed to improve the quality of data to exclude outliers within an measurement and within the sample set. A positive linear correlation between the longitudinal and transverse modulus with an R2=0.76 is found. Pitch-based fibers exhibit lower measurement error than PAN-based fibers, while PAN fibers exhibited no apparent modulus correlation when the Pitch fibers are …
Impendance Probe Payload Development For Space-Based Joint Service Collaboration, Brian T. Kay
Impendance Probe Payload Development For Space-Based Joint Service Collaboration, Brian T. Kay
Theses and Dissertations
Collaborations utilizing small spacecraft in near earth orbit between the U. S. Coast Guard Academy (CGA), Naval Research Lab (NRL), the U. S. Naval Academy (USNA), and the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) have initiated scientific and engineering space-based experiments. Sourced opportunities like the VaSpace ThinSat missions have provided a platform for payload, sensor, and experiment development that would have otherwise been resource prohibitive. We have constructed an impedance probe payload derived from the existing ‘Space PlasmA Diagnostic suitE’ (SPADE) mission operating from NASA’s International Space Station. Currently both space and laboratory plasmas are investigated with AC impedance measurements …
Lithium Compound Characterization Via Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy And Raman Spectroscopy, James T. Stofel
Lithium Compound Characterization Via Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy And Raman Spectroscopy, James T. Stofel
Theses and Dissertations
Industries such as lithium-ion battery producers and the nuclear industry community seek to produce and store lithium in pure chemical forms. However, these lithium compounds are reactive with the atmosphere and quickly degrade into less desirable forms. Therefore, industry desires a fast and effective quality control approach to quantify the ingrowth of these secondary lithium chemical forms. This research presents a novel approach using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy in tandem to enhance lithium compound characterization beyond what is achieved by either technique alone. The resulting spectral data are aggregated using data fusion and analyzed using chemometrics for …
Optical Study Of 2-D Detonation Wave Stability, Eulaine T. Grodner
Optical Study Of 2-D Detonation Wave Stability, Eulaine T. Grodner
Theses and Dissertations
Fundamental optical detonation study of detonations constricted to a 2-d plane propagation, and detonations propagating around a curve. All images were processed using modern image processing techniques. The optical techniques used were shadowgraph, Schlieren, and chemiluminescence. In the 2-Dstraight channels, it was determined wave stability was a factor of cell size. It was also determined the detonation wave thickness (area between the combustion and shockwave) was a factor of how much heat available for the detonation. For the detonations propagating around a curve, it was determined the three main classifications of wave stability were stable, unstable, and detonation wave restart. …
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Theses and Dissertations
This effort models fast burst reactors using the one dimensional, one group neutron diffusion equation to solve for the time eigenvalue, a method for which an analytical solution exists against which the numerical results can be verified. An existing solution method is enhanced by the addition of a second order accurate finite volume discretization, which is then used to model two separate fast burst reactors. The results of these models are then compared to the results of previous work, the analytical solution, and existing experimental burst width data for each of the two reactors.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Sporadic-E (Es) occurrence rates from Global Position Satellite radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements have shown to vary by nearly an order of magnitude between studies, motivating a comparison with ground-based measurements. In an attempt to find an accurate GPS-RO technique for detecting Es formation, occurrence rates derived using five previously developed GPS-RO techniques are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight-year period from 2010-2017. GPS-RO measurements within 170 km of a ionosonde site are used to calculate Es occurrence rates and compared to the ground-truth ionosonde measurements. Each technique is compared individually for each ionosonde site and then combined to determine …
Computational Electromagnetic Modeling Of Metasurface Optical Devices With Defect Study, Carlos D. Diaz
Computational Electromagnetic Modeling Of Metasurface Optical Devices With Defect Study, Carlos D. Diaz
Theses and Dissertations
One of the first fabricated metasurface optical devices, the in-plane V-antenna lenses, were plagued by a fundamental transmission limit (<25 >). Two distinct sets of Out-of-Plane phase elements were designed with improved transmission (~60 ). These were fabricated as beamsteerers and characterized in terms of their Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function measured as a function of scatter angle. Experimental data from the beamsteerers was analyzed via simulations using a finite element method (FEM). The measurements showed the designed beamsteering, but also a strong zero-order diffraction not present in the simulations, which motivated this study to understand what was causing these differences. …
Error Detection In Quantum Algorithms, Simeon R. Hanks
Error Detection In Quantum Algorithms, Simeon R. Hanks
Theses and Dissertations
Quantum computers need to be able to control highly entangled quantum states in the presence of environmental perturbations that lead to errors in calculations. Progress in superconducting qubits has enabled the development of computers capable of running small quantum circuits. The current era of Noise Intermediate Scale Quantum computing has a high error rate. To alleviate this error rate we apply an encoding scheme that allows us to remove results with known errors improving the quality of our results. The encoding uses multiple qubits as a single logical qubit and balances the natural tendency of state-of-the-art quantum computers to decohere …
Ab Initio Spectroscopy Of Natural And Artificial Fire Contaminants For V/W Band Frequency Signal Absorbance, Matthew B. Husk
Ab Initio Spectroscopy Of Natural And Artificial Fire Contaminants For V/W Band Frequency Signal Absorbance, Matthew B. Husk
Theses and Dissertations
The rotation and vibration spectral properties including frequencies and intensities for highly concentrated molecules present in wildland and artificial fires have been studied. These properties were used to determine absorption and its effect in a link budget analysis. Absorption in link budget analyses is commonly accounted for via line-by-line methodology aided by HITRAN documented intensities. Limited, if any, customization of spectral properties is available with HITRAN and other spectral databases. Ab initio calculations with different atomic basis sets were employed to obtain structures, dipole moments, rotational-vibrational frequencies and intensities, as well as various coupling parameters. Anharmonic corrections to the vibrational …
Dynamic Holography In Resonant Nonlinear Media: Theory And Application, Jonathan E. Slagle
Dynamic Holography In Resonant Nonlinear Media: Theory And Application, Jonathan E. Slagle
Theses and Dissertations
Two beam coupling (TBC) is a coherent interaction in which energy is transferred from one laser beam to another and has promising applications in real-time holography and coherent beam combing. We have recently shown efficient degenerate frequency TBC for counter-propagation geometries in isotropic two-photon absorbing media pumped with a nanosecond pulsed laser. When an interference pattern is generated in this media, single and two photon absorption initiates a population redistribution resulting in a holographic grating with the same modulation period and phase initially. However, due to temporal convolution of self- and cross-phase modulation, the grating will begin to shift in …
Data Driven Investigation Into The Off-Axis Brdf To Develop An Algorithm To Classify Anisotropicity, Anne W. Werkley
Data Driven Investigation Into The Off-Axis Brdf To Develop An Algorithm To Classify Anisotropicity, Anne W. Werkley
Theses and Dissertations
The Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is used to describe reflectances of materials by calculating the ratio of the reflected radiance to the incident irradiance. While it was found that isotropic BRDF microfacet models maintained symmetry about ɸs = π, such symmetry was not maintained about the θs = θi axis, except for close to the specular peak. This led to development of a novel data-driven metric for how isotropic a BRDF measurement is. Research efforts centered around developing an algorithm that could determine material anisotropy without having to fit to models. The algorithm developed here successfully …
A Comparative Evaluation Of The Fast Optical Pulse Response Of Event-Based Cameras, Tyler J. Brewer
A Comparative Evaluation Of The Fast Optical Pulse Response Of Event-Based Cameras, Tyler J. Brewer
Theses and Dissertations
Event cameras use biologically inspired readout circuit architecture to offer a faster and more efficient method of imaging than traditional frame-based detectors. The asynchronous event reporting circuit timestamps events to 1 microsecond resolution, but latency increases when many pixels are stimulated simultaneously. To characterize this variability, the DAVIS240, DAVIS346, DVXPlorer, and Prophesee Gen3M VGA-CD 1.1 cameras were exposed to single step-function flashes with amplitudes from 9.3-771cd/m2, stimulating from 0.0042-100 of pixels. The Median Absolute Deviation of pixel response times ranged between 0 and 6086µs, increasing with the percent of pixels stimulated (PSP). The number of events generated per …
Examination Of A Lenseless Setup For Reflective Inverse Diffusion Of Light, John Nguyen
Examination Of A Lenseless Setup For Reflective Inverse Diffusion Of Light, John Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
Reflective inverse diffusion uses spatial light modulators to shape an incident wavefront so that when the wavefront interacts with some diffuse scattering sample, the reflected light will constructively interfere at a single focus. This thesisexamines the efficacy of using a lensless setup against a focal plane setup in achieving reflective inverse diffusion while simultaneously beamsteering. The lensless setup outperformed its counterpart by being able to focus more energy in a region, but failed to achieve the same beamsteering capabilities as the focal plane system. Understanding the flaws behind the lensless setup will be instrumental in creating a setup that can …
Nanoengineered Materials For Energy Conversion & Storage Applications: A Density Functional Theory Study, Ahmed Biby
Nanoengineered Materials For Energy Conversion & Storage Applications: A Density Functional Theory Study, Ahmed Biby
Theses and Dissertations
The conventional approach for the development of novel materials has become long relative to the desired product development cycle. Thus, the sluggish pace of the development of materials within the conventional approach hinders the rapid transformation of the scientific outcomes into useful technological products. To this end, the field of hierarchical materials informatics evolved to bridge this gap. In this field, the multiscale material internal structure is considered the starting point and the core of this approach. This being said, the density functional theory (DFT) was used to generate useful materials data for the advancement of the hierarchical materials data-bases …
Fabrication Of Metal-Silicon Nanostructures By Reactive Laser Ablation In Liquid, Eric J. Broadhead
Fabrication Of Metal-Silicon Nanostructures By Reactive Laser Ablation In Liquid, Eric J. Broadhead
Theses and Dissertations
Metal-silicon nanostructures are a growing area of research due to their applications in multiple fields such as biosensing and catalysis. In addition, silicon can provide strong support effects to metal nanoparticles while being more cost effective than traditionally used supports, like titania. Traditional wet-chemical methods are capable of synthesizing metal-silicon nanostructures with a variety of composition and nanoparticle shapes, but they often require high temperatures, toxic solvents, strong reducing agents, or need capping agents added to stabilize the nanoparticles. Laser processing is an emerging technique capable of synthesizing metal-silicon composite surfaces that offers a faster, simpler, and greener synthesis route …
Equations Of State For Warm Dense Carbon From Quantum Espresso, Derek J. Schauss
Equations Of State For Warm Dense Carbon From Quantum Espresso, Derek J. Schauss
Theses and Dissertations
Warm dense plasma is the matter that exists, roughly, in the range of 10,000 to 10,000,000 Kelvin and has solid-like densities, typically between 0.1 and 10 grams per centimeter. Warm dense fluids like hydrogen, helium, and carbon are believed to make up the interiors of many planets, white dwarfs, and other stars in our universe. The existence of warm dense matter (WDM) on Earth, however, is very rare, as it can only be created with high-energy sources like a nuclear explosion. In such an event, theoretical and computational models that accurately predict the response of certain materials are thus very …
Ligand Effects On Electronic, Magnetic, And Catalytic Properties Of Clusters And Cluster Assemblies, Dinesh Bista 9288522
Ligand Effects On Electronic, Magnetic, And Catalytic Properties Of Clusters And Cluster Assemblies, Dinesh Bista 9288522
Theses and Dissertations
Ligands commonly protect metallic clusters against reacting with outside reactants. However, ligands can also be used to control the redox properties enabling the formation of super donors/acceptors that can donate/accept multiple electrons. This thesis focuses on how the ligands can be used to control the electronic and magnetic features of clusters and ligand stabilized cluster-based assemblies, leading to nano pn junctions with directed transport, the possibility of light-harvesting, and catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. The thesis addresses three distinct classes of clusters and their applications. The first class of cluster “metal chalcogen clusters” is the central idea of the thesis focused …