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Articles 1 - 30 of 338
Full-Text Articles in Geophysics and Seismology
A Laser Ultrasound System To Non-Invasively Measure Compression Waves In Granular Ice Mixes, J. Chris Mccaslin, T. Dylan Mikesell, Hans-Peter Marshall
A Laser Ultrasound System To Non-Invasively Measure Compression Waves In Granular Ice Mixes, J. Chris Mccaslin, T. Dylan Mikesell, Hans-Peter Marshall
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Accurate knowledge of snow mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density, is critical to many areas of snow science and to snow-related engineering problems. To facilitate the assessment of these properties, an innovative non-contacting laser ultrasound system (LUS) has been developed. This system acquires ultrasound waveform data at frequencies ranging from tens to hundreds of kHz in a controlled cold-lab environment. Two different LUS devices were compared in this study to determine which recorded more robust ultrasound in granular ice mix samples. We validated the ultrasound observations with poro-elastic traveltime modeling based on physical and empirical …
Paleozoic Evolution Of The Yukon-Tanana Terrane Of The North American Cordillera, Nw British Columbia, R. Soucy La Roche, A. Zagorevski, N. L. Joyce, J. L. Crowley
Paleozoic Evolution Of The Yukon-Tanana Terrane Of The North American Cordillera, Nw British Columbia, R. Soucy La Roche, A. Zagorevski, N. L. Joyce, J. L. Crowley
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The origins and primary relationships between tectono-stratigraphic units are fundamental to the terrane concept in accretionary orogens, but they are challenging to assess in metamorphic terranes. In NW British Columbia, three tectonically bounded metamorphic suites of the Yukon-Tanana terrane formed in distinct tectonic settings, based on high-spatial-resolution geochronology and immobile trace-element geochemistry. The Florence Range suite comprises late Neoproterozoic or younger to pre–latest Devonian metasedimentary rocks derived from continental crust, 360 ± 4 Ma calc-alkaline intermediate orthogneiss, and 357 ± 4 Ma amphibolite with oceanic-island basalt composition, consistent with rifting of a continental margin. The detrital signature is dominated by …
Influence Of Subsurface Critical Zone Structure On Hydrological Partitioning In Mountainous Headwater Catchments, Hang Chen, Qifei Niu, James P. Mcnamara, Alejandro N. Flores
Influence Of Subsurface Critical Zone Structure On Hydrological Partitioning In Mountainous Headwater Catchments, Hang Chen, Qifei Niu, James P. Mcnamara, Alejandro N. Flores
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Headwater catchments play a vital role in regional water supply and ecohydrology, and a quantitative understanding of the hydrological partitioning in these catchments is critically needed, particularly under a changing climate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of subsurface critical zone (CZ) structure in modulating the partitioning of precipitation in mountainous catchments; however, few existing studies have explicitly taken into account the 3D subsurface CZ structure. In this study, we designed realistic synthetic catchment models based on seismic velocity-estimated 3D subsurface CZ structures. Integrated hydrologic modeling is then used to study the effects of the shape of the weathered bedrock …
High-Precision U-Pb Geochronology Links Magmatism In The Southwestern Laurentia Large Igneous Province And Midcontinent Rift, M. T. Mohr, M. D. Schmitz, N. L. Swanson-Hysell, K. E. Karlstrom, F. A. Macdonald, M. E. Holland, Y. Zhang, N. S. Anderson
High-Precision U-Pb Geochronology Links Magmatism In The Southwestern Laurentia Large Igneous Province And Midcontinent Rift, M. T. Mohr, M. D. Schmitz, N. L. Swanson-Hysell, K. E. Karlstrom, F. A. Macdonald, M. E. Holland, Y. Zhang, N. S. Anderson
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Southwestern Laurentia large igneous province (SWLLIP) comprises voluminous, widespread ca 1.1 Ga magmatism in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The timing and tempo of SWLLIP magmatism and its relationship to other late Mesoproterozoic igneous provinces have been unclear due to difficulties in dating mafic rocks at high precision. New precise U-Pb zircon dates for comagmatic felsic segregations within mafic rocks reveal distinct magmatic episodes at ca. 1098 Ma (represented by massive sills in Death Valley, California, the Grand Canyon, and central Arizona) and ca. 1083 Ma (represented by the Cardenas Basalts in the Grand Canyon and a …
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho – Part 1: Using Sentinel-1 Repeat-Pass Interferometry, Shadi Oveisgharan, Robert Zinke, Zachary Hoppinen, Hans Peter Marshall
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho – Part 1: Using Sentinel-1 Repeat-Pass Interferometry, Shadi Oveisgharan, Robert Zinke, Zachary Hoppinen, Hans Peter Marshall
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Snow water equivalent (SWE) is identified as the key element of the snowpack that impacts rivers' streamflow and water cycle. Both active and passive microwave remote sensing methods have been used to retrieve SWE, but there does not currently exist a SWE product that provides useful estimates in mountainous terrain. Active sensors provide higher-resolution observations, but the suitable radar frequencies and temporal repeat intervals have not been available until recently. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been shown to have the potential to estimate SWE change. In this study, we apply this technique to a long time series of 6 …
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho – Part 2: Using L-Band Uavsar Repeat-Pass Interferometry, Zachary Hoppinen, Shadi Oveisgharan, Hans-Peter Marshall, Ross Mower, Kelly Elder, Carrie Vuyovich
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Over Idaho – Part 2: Using L-Band Uavsar Repeat-Pass Interferometry, Zachary Hoppinen, Shadi Oveisgharan, Hans-Peter Marshall, Ross Mower, Kelly Elder, Carrie Vuyovich
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study evaluates using interferometry on low-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to monitor snow water equivalent (SWE) over seasonal and synoptic scales. We retrieved SWE changes from nine pairs of SAR images, mean 8 d temporal baseline, captured by an L-band aerial platform, NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), over central Idaho as part of the NASA SnowEx 2020 and 2021 campaigns. The retrieved SWE changes were compared against coincident in situ measurements (SNOTEL and snow pits from the SnowEx field campaign) and to 100 m gridded SnowModel modeled SWE changes. The comparison of in situ to …
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis, Part 2: Gis Methodology, Jacob Deangelo, John W. Shervais, Jonathan M. Glen, Dennis Nielson, Sabodh Garg, Patrick F. Dobson, Erika Gasperikova, Eric Sonnenthal, Lee M. Liberty, Drew L. Siler, James P. Evans
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis, Part 2: Gis Methodology, Jacob Deangelo, John W. Shervais, Jonathan M. Glen, Dennis Nielson, Sabodh Garg, Patrick F. Dobson, Erika Gasperikova, Eric Sonnenthal, Lee M. Liberty, Drew L. Siler, James P. Evans
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Play Fairway Analysis (PFA) in geothermal exploration originates from a systematic methodology developed within the petroleum industry and is based on a geologic, geophysical, and hydrologic framework of identified geothermal systems. We tailored this methodology to study the geothermal resource potential of the Snake River Plain and surrounding region, but it can be adapted to other geothermal resource settings. We adapted the PFA approach to geothermal resource exploration by cataloging the critical elements controlling exploitable hydrothermal systems, establishing risk matrices that evaluate these elements in terms of both probability of success and level of knowledge, and building a code-based ‘processing …
Chronostratigraphy Of Miocene Strata In The Berkeley Hills (California Coast Ranges, Usa) And The Arrival Of The San Andreas Transform Boundary, Stacey H. Gerasimov, Eben B. Hodgin, James L. Crowley, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell
Chronostratigraphy Of Miocene Strata In The Berkeley Hills (California Coast Ranges, Usa) And The Arrival Of The San Andreas Transform Boundary, Stacey H. Gerasimov, Eben B. Hodgin, James L. Crowley, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Miocene strata of the Claremont, Orinda, and Moraga formations of the Berkeley Hills (California Coast Ranges, USA) record sedimentation and volcanism during the passage of the Mendocino triple junction and early evolution of the San Andreas fault system. Detrital zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) age spectra indicate a change in sedimentary provenance between the marine Claremont formation (Monterey Group) and the terrestrial Orinda and Moraga Formations associated with uplift of Franciscan Complex lithologies. A sandstone from the Claremont formation produced a detrital zircon chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) maximum depositional age of 13.298 ± 0.046 Ma, …
Geotechnical Characterisation Of Coal Spoil Piles Using High-Resolution Optical And Multispectral Data: A Machine Learning Approach, Sureka Thiruchittampalam, Bikram Pratap Banerjee, Nancy F. Glenn, Simit Raval
Geotechnical Characterisation Of Coal Spoil Piles Using High-Resolution Optical And Multispectral Data: A Machine Learning Approach, Sureka Thiruchittampalam, Bikram Pratap Banerjee, Nancy F. Glenn, Simit Raval
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Geotechnical characterisation of spoil piles has traditionally relied on the expertise of field specialists, which can be both hazardous and time-consuming. Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) show promise as a remote sensing tool in various applications; accurately segmenting and classifying very high-resolution remote sensing images of heterogeneous terrains, such as mining spoil piles with irregular morphologies, presents significant challenges. The proposed method adopts a robust approach that combines morphology-based segmentation, as well as spectral, textural, structural, and statistical feature extraction techniques to overcome the difficulties associated with spoil pile characterisation. Additionally, it incorporates minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) based feature …
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis, Part 1: Example From The Snake River Plain, Idaho, John W. Shervais, Jacob Deangelo, Jonathan M. Glen, Dennis L. Nielson, Sabodh Garg, Patrick Dobson, Erika Gasperikova, Eric Sonnenthal, Lee M. Liberty, Dennis L. Newell, Drew Siler, James P. Evans
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis, Part 1: Example From The Snake River Plain, Idaho, John W. Shervais, Jacob Deangelo, Jonathan M. Glen, Dennis L. Nielson, Sabodh Garg, Patrick Dobson, Erika Gasperikova, Eric Sonnenthal, Lee M. Liberty, Dennis L. Newell, Drew Siler, James P. Evans
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Snake River Plain (SRP) volcanic province overlies the track of the Yellowstone hotspot, a thermal anomaly that extends deep into the mantle. Most of the area is underlain by a basaltic volcanic province that overlies a mid-crustal intrusive complex, which in turn provides the long-term heat flux needed to sustain geothermal systems. Previous studies have identified several known geothermal resource areas within the SRP. For the geothermal study presented herein, our goals were to: (1) adapt the methodology of Play Fairway Analysis (PFA) for geothermal exploration to create a formal basis for its application to geothermal systems, (2) assemble …
Zircon And The Role Of Magmatic Petrogenesis In The Formation Of Felsic-Hosted Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (Vms) Deposits: A Case Study From The Mid-Paleozoic Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Northern Canadian Cordillera, Matthew J. Manor, Stephen J. Piercey, Corey J. Wall
Zircon And The Role Of Magmatic Petrogenesis In The Formation Of Felsic-Hosted Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (Vms) Deposits: A Case Study From The Mid-Paleozoic Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Northern Canadian Cordillera, Matthew J. Manor, Stephen J. Piercey, Corey J. Wall
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Magmatism is a critical component in sustaining hydrothermal convection and metal transport during the formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Previous studies of magmatic petrogenesis in VMS systems have demonstrated that ore-related volcanic rocks have distinct whole-rock geochemical and isotopic signatures (i.e., high HFSE, REE, Th, εHf-Nd, zircon saturation T) relative to barren volcanic rocks, which supports models of elevated crustal heat flow during periods of ore deposition; however, the petrologic characteristics and intrinsic parameters (e.g., T, fO2) related to these magmatic events in VMS districts remain poorly understood. Arc–back-arc assemblages from the mid-Paleozoic Yukon-Tanana terrane …
A Uav Based Cmos Ku-Band Metasurface Fmcw Radar System For Low-Altitude Snowpack Sensing, Adrian Tang, Nacer Chahat, Yangyho Kim, Arhison Bharathan, Gabriel Virbila, Hans-Peter Marshall, Thomas Van Der Weide, Gaurangi Gupta, Raunika Anand, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Mau-Chung Frank Chang
A Uav Based Cmos Ku-Band Metasurface Fmcw Radar System For Low-Altitude Snowpack Sensing, Adrian Tang, Nacer Chahat, Yangyho Kim, Arhison Bharathan, Gabriel Virbila, Hans-Peter Marshall, Thomas Van Der Weide, Gaurangi Gupta, Raunika Anand, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Mau-Chung Frank Chang
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
This article presents development of a UAV based frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for remotely sensing the water contained within snowpacks. To make the radar system compatible with the payload requirements of small UAV platforms, the radar electronics are implemented with CMOS technology, and the antenna is implemented as an extremely compact and lightweight metasurface (MTS) antenna. This article will discuss how the high absorption losses of snowpacks lead to dynamic range requirements much stricter than FMCW radars used for automotive and other sensing applications, and how these requirements are met through antenna isolation, leakage calibration and exploitation …
Extending Active Network Length Versus Catchment Discharge Relations To Temporarily Dry Outlets, Gianluca Botter, James Mcnamara, Nicola Durighetto
Extending Active Network Length Versus Catchment Discharge Relations To Temporarily Dry Outlets, Gianluca Botter, James Mcnamara, Nicola Durighetto
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
River networks are not steady blue lines drawn in a map, since they continuously change their shape and extent in response to climatic drivers. Therefore, the flowing length of rivers (L) and the corresponding catchment-scale streamflow (Qsur) co-evolve dynamically. This paper analyzes the relationship between the wet channel length and the streamflow of a river basin, formulating a general analytical model that includes the case of temporarily dry outlets. In particular, the framework relaxes the common assumption that when the discharge at the outlet tends to zero the upstream flowing length approaches zero. Different analytical …
Exploring Background Noise With A Large-N Infrasound Array: Waterfalls, Thunderstorms, And Earthquakes, L. T. Scamfer, J. F. Anderson
Exploring Background Noise With A Large-N Infrasound Array: Waterfalls, Thunderstorms, And Earthquakes, L. T. Scamfer, J. F. Anderson
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Ambient infrasound noise contains an abundance of information that is typically overlooked due to limitations of typical infrasound arrays. To evaluate the ability of large-N infrasound arrays to identify weak signals hidden in background noise, we examine data from a 22-element array in central Idaho, USA, spanning 58 days using a standard beamforming method. Our results include nearly continuous detections of diverse weak signals from infrasonic radiators, sometimes at surprising distances. We observe infrasound from both local (8 km) and distant (195 km) waterfalls. Thunderstorms and earthquakes are also notable sources, with distant thunderstorm infrasound observed from ∼800 to 900 …
How Low Can You Go?: Widespread Challenges In Measuring Low Stream Discharge And A Path Forward, Erin C. Seybold, Anna Bergstrom, C. Nathan Jones, Amy J. Burgin, Sam Zipper, Sarah E. Godsey, Walter K. Dodds, Margaret A. Zimmer, Margaret Shanafield, Thibault Datry, Raphael D. Mazor, Mathis L. Messager, Julian D. Olden, Adam Ward, Songyan Yu, Kendra E. Kaiser, Arial Shogren, Richard H. Walker
How Low Can You Go?: Widespread Challenges In Measuring Low Stream Discharge And A Path Forward, Erin C. Seybold, Anna Bergstrom, C. Nathan Jones, Amy J. Burgin, Sam Zipper, Sarah E. Godsey, Walter K. Dodds, Margaret A. Zimmer, Margaret Shanafield, Thibault Datry, Raphael D. Mazor, Mathis L. Messager, Julian D. Olden, Adam Ward, Songyan Yu, Kendra E. Kaiser, Arial Shogren, Richard H. Walker
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Low flows pose unique challenges for accurately quantifying streamflow. Current field methods are not optimized to measure these conditions, which in turn, limits research and management. In this essay, we argue that the lack of methods for measuring low streamflow is a fundamental challenge that must be addressed to ensure sustainable water management now and into the future, particularly as climate change shifts more streams to increasingly frequent low flows. We demonstrate the pervasive challenge of measuring low flows, present a decision support tool (DST) for navigating best practices in measuring low flows, and highlight important method developmental needs.
Subduction Initiation Recorded In The Dadeville Complex Of Alabama And Georgia, Southeastern United States, Naomi A. Becker, Freya R. George, George L. Guice, James L. Crowley, Wendy R. Nelson, Joseph F. Browning-Hanson, Supratik Roy, Daniel R. Viete
Subduction Initiation Recorded In The Dadeville Complex Of Alabama And Georgia, Southeastern United States, Naomi A. Becker, Freya R. George, George L. Guice, James L. Crowley, Wendy R. Nelson, Joseph F. Browning-Hanson, Supratik Roy, Daniel R. Viete
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Dadeville Complex of Alabama and Georgia (southeastern United States) represents the largest suite of exposed mafic-ultramafic rocks in the southern Appalachians. Due to poor preservation, chemical alteration, and tectonic reworking, a specific tectonic origin for the Dadeville Complex has been difficult to deduce. We obtained new whole-rock and mineral geochemistry coupled with zircon U-Pb geochronology to investigate the magmatic and metamorphic processes recorded by the Dadeville Complex, as well as the timing of these processes. Our data reveal an up-stratigraphic evolution in the geochemistry of the volcanic rocks, from forearc basalts to boninites. Our new U-Pb zircon crystallization data—obtained …
A Multidisciplinary Approach To Resolving The End-Guadalupian Extinction, Christopher R. Fielding, Scott E. Bryan, James L. Crowley, Tracy D. Frank, Michael T. Hren, Chris Mays, Stephen Mcloughlin, Jun Shen, Peter J. Wagner, Arne Winguth, Cornelia Winguth
A Multidisciplinary Approach To Resolving The End-Guadalupian Extinction, Christopher R. Fielding, Scott E. Bryan, James L. Crowley, Tracy D. Frank, Michael T. Hren, Chris Mays, Stephen Mcloughlin, Jun Shen, Peter J. Wagner, Arne Winguth, Cornelia Winguth
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The transition from the middle to late Permian (Guadalupian–Lopingian) is claimed to record one or more extinction events that rival the ‘Big Five’ in terms of depletion of biological diversity and reorganization of ecosystem structure. Yet many questions remain as to whether the events recorded in separate regions were synchronous, causally related, or were of a magnitude rivaling other major crises in Earth's history. In this paper, we survey some major unresolved issues related to the Guadalupian–Lopingian transition and offer a multidisciplinary approach to advance understanding of this under-appreciated biotic crisis by utilizing records in Southern Hemisphere high-palaeolatitude settings. We …
Geophysics-Informed Hydrologic Modeling Of A Mountain Headwater Catchment For Studying Hydrological Partitioning In The Critical Zone, Hang Chen, Qifei Niu, Aida Mendieta, John Bradford, James Mcnamara
Geophysics-Informed Hydrologic Modeling Of A Mountain Headwater Catchment For Studying Hydrological Partitioning In The Critical Zone, Hang Chen, Qifei Niu, Aida Mendieta, John Bradford, James Mcnamara
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Hydrologic modeling has been a useful approach for analyzing water partitioning in catchment systems. It will play an essential role in studying the responses of watersheds under projected climate changes. Numerous studies have shown it is critical to include subsurface heterogeneity in the hydrologic modeling to correctly simulate various water fluxes and processes in the hydrologic system. In this study, we test the idea of incorporating geophysics-obtained subsurface critical zone (CZ) structures in the hydrologic modeling of a mountainous headwater catchment. The CZ structure is extracted from a three-dimensional seismic velocity model developed from a series of two-dimensional velocity sections …
Evaluating 3 Decades Of Precipitation In The Upper Colorado River Basin From A High-Resolution Regional Climate Model, William Rudisill, Alejandro Flores, Rosemary Carroll
Evaluating 3 Decades Of Precipitation In The Upper Colorado River Basin From A High-Resolution Regional Climate Model, William Rudisill, Alejandro Flores, Rosemary Carroll
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Convection-permitting regional climate models (RCMs) have recently become tractable for applications at multi-decadal timescales. These types of models have tremendous utility for water resource studies, but better characterization of precipitation biases is needed, particularly for water-resource-critical mountain regions, where precipitation is highly variable in space, observations are sparse, and the societal water need is great. This study examines 34 years (1987–2020) of RCM precipitation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF; v3.8.1), using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFS; CFSv2) initial and lateral boundary conditions and a 1 km × 1 km innermost grid spacing. The RCM is centered …
Astronomical And Tectonic Influences On Climate And Deposition Revealed Through Radioisotopic Geochronology And Bayesian Age-Depth Modeling Of The Early Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming, Usa, Benjamin T. Bruck, Brad S. Singer, Mark D. Schmitz, Alan R. Carroll, Stephen Meyers, Andrew P. Walters, Brian R. Jicha
Astronomical And Tectonic Influences On Climate And Deposition Revealed Through Radioisotopic Geochronology And Bayesian Age-Depth Modeling Of The Early Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming, Usa, Benjamin T. Bruck, Brad S. Singer, Mark D. Schmitz, Alan R. Carroll, Stephen Meyers, Andrew P. Walters, Brian R. Jicha
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Wilkins Peak Member (WPM) of the Green River Formation in Wyoming, USA, comprises alternating lacustrine and alluvial strata that preserve a record of terrestrial climate during the early Eocene climatic optimum. We use a Bayesian framework to develop age-depth models for three sites, based on new 40Ar/39Ar sanidine and 206Pb/238U zircon ages from seven tuffs. The new models provide two- to ten-fold increases in temporal resolution compared to previous radioisotopic age models, confirming eccentricity-scale pacing of WPM facies, and permitting their direct comparison to astronomical solutions. Starting at ca. 51 Ma, the median …
U–Pb Zircon Ages, Mapping, And Biostratigraphy Of The Payette Formation And Idaho Group North Of The Western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Implications For Hydrocarbon System Correlation, Renee L. Love, Reed S. Lewis, Spencer H. Wood, Dennis M. Feeney, Mark D. Schmitz
U–Pb Zircon Ages, Mapping, And Biostratigraphy Of The Payette Formation And Idaho Group North Of The Western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Implications For Hydrocarbon System Correlation, Renee L. Love, Reed S. Lewis, Spencer H. Wood, Dennis M. Feeney, Mark D. Schmitz
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Sedimentary deposits north of the western Snake River Plain host Idaho’s first and only producing oil and gas field. They consist of the lower to middle Miocene Payette Formation, the middle to upper Miocene Poison Creek and Chalk Hills Formations, and the Pliocene to lower Pleistocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Using new geochronology, palynomorph biostratigraphy, and geologic mapping, we connect updip surface features to subsurface petroleum play elements. The Payette Formation is a likely main source of the hydrocarbons, and acts as one of the reservoirs in the unnamed basin. Here, we redefine the Payette Formation as 0 to ~3,500 ft …
Assessing Controls On Ice Dynamics At Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, Using A Numerical Ice Flow Model, Rainey Aberle, Ellyn M. Enderlin, Hans-Peter Marshall, Michal Kopera, Tate G. Meehan
Assessing Controls On Ice Dynamics At Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, Using A Numerical Ice Flow Model, Rainey Aberle, Ellyn M. Enderlin, Hans-Peter Marshall, Michal Kopera, Tate G. Meehan
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Antarctic Peninsula's widespread glacier retreat and ice shelf collapse have been attributed to atmospheric and oceanic warming. Following the initial post-collapse period of retreat, several former tributary glaciers of the Larsen A and B ice shelves have been slowly re-advancing for more than a decade. Here, we use a flowline model of Crane Glacier to gauge the sensitivity of former tributary glaciers to future climate change following this period of long-term dynamic adjustment. The glacier's long-term geometry and speed changes are similar to those of other former Larsen A and B tributaries, suggesting that Crane Glacier is a reasonable …
Snowpack Relative Permittivity And Density Derived From Near-Coincident Lidar And Ground-Penetrating Radar, Randall Bonnell, Daniel Mcgrath, Andrew R. Hedrick, Ernesto Trujillo, Tate G. Meehan, Keith Williams, Hans-Peter Marshall, Graham Sexstone, John Fulton, Michael J. Ronayne, Steven R. Fassnacht, Ryan Webb, Katherine E. Hale
Snowpack Relative Permittivity And Density Derived From Near-Coincident Lidar And Ground-Penetrating Radar, Randall Bonnell, Daniel Mcgrath, Andrew R. Hedrick, Ernesto Trujillo, Tate G. Meehan, Keith Williams, Hans-Peter Marshall, Graham Sexstone, John Fulton, Michael J. Ronayne, Steven R. Fassnacht, Ryan Webb, Katherine E. Hale
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Depth-based and radar-based remote sensing methods (e.g., lidar, synthetic aperture radar) are promising approaches for remotely measuring snow water equivalent (SWE) at high spatial resolution. These approaches require snow density estimates, obtained from in-situ measurements or density models, to calculate SWE. However, in-situ measurements are operationally limited, and few density models have seen extensive evaluation. Here, we combine near-coincident, lidar-measured snow depths with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) two-way travel times (twt) of snowpack thickness to derive >20 km of relative permittivity estimates from nine dry and two wet snow surveys at Grand Mesa, Cameron Pass, and Ranch Creek, Colorado. …
Early Ordovician Seamounts Preserved In The Canadian Cordillera: Implications For The Rift History Of Western Laurentia, Rose N. Cobbett, Luke P. Beranek, Stephen J. Piercey, James L. Crowley, Maurice Colpron
Early Ordovician Seamounts Preserved In The Canadian Cordillera: Implications For The Rift History Of Western Laurentia, Rose N. Cobbett, Luke P. Beranek, Stephen J. Piercey, James L. Crowley, Maurice Colpron
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and development of the western Laurentian rifted margin are in part recorded by Neoproterozoic to mid-Paleozoic igneous and sedimentary rock successions in the Canadian Cordillera. New bedrock mapping and volcanic facies analysis of Early Ordovician mafic rocks assigned to the Menzie Creek Formation in central Yukon allow reconstruction of the depositional environment during the volcanic eruptions, whole-rock geochemical data constrain the melting depth and crust-mantle source regions of the igneous rocks within the study area, and zircon U-Pb age studies provide determination of the precise timing of submarine eruptions. Menzie Creek Formation volcanic rocks …
The Influence Of Volcano Topographic Changes On Infrasound Amplitude: Lava Fountains At Mt. Etna In 2021, Adriana Iozzia, Leighton M. Watson, Massimo Cantarero, Emanuela De Beni, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Gaetana Ganci, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Eugenio Privitera, Cristina Proietti, Mariangela Sciotto, Andrea Cannata
The Influence Of Volcano Topographic Changes On Infrasound Amplitude: Lava Fountains At Mt. Etna In 2021, Adriana Iozzia, Leighton M. Watson, Massimo Cantarero, Emanuela De Beni, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Gaetana Ganci, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Eugenio Privitera, Cristina Proietti, Mariangela Sciotto, Andrea Cannata
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Infrasound signals are used to investigate and monitor active volcanoes during eruptive and degassing activity. Infrasound amplitude information has been used to estimate eruptive parameters such as plume height, magma discharge rate, and lava fountain height. Active volcanoes are characterized by pronounced topography and, during eruptive activity, the topography can change rapidly, affecting the observed infrasound amplitudes. While the interaction of infrasonic signals with topography has been widely investigated over the past decade, there has been limited work on the impact of changing topography on the infrasonic amplitudes. In this work, the infrasonic signals accompanying 57 lava fountain paroxysms at …
Archean (3.3 Ga) Paleosols And Paleoenvironments Of Western Australia, Gregory J. Retallack, Mark D. Schmitz
Archean (3.3 Ga) Paleosols And Paleoenvironments Of Western Australia, Gregory J. Retallack, Mark D. Schmitz
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Pilbara craton of northwestern Australia is known for what were, when reported, the oldest known microfossils and paleosols on Earth. Both interpretations are mired in controversy, and neither remain the oldest known. Both the microfossils and the paleosols have been considered hydrothermal artefacts: carbon films of vents and a large hydrothermal cupola, respectively. This study resampled and analyzed putative paleosols within and below the Strelley Pool Formation (3.3 Ga), at four classic locations: Strelley Pool, Steer Ridge, Trendall Ridge, and Streckfuss, and also at newly discovered outcrops near Marble Bar. The same sequence of sedimentary facies and paleosols was …
Constraints On Near-Ridge Magmatism Using 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology Of Enriched Morb From The 8°20' N Seamount Chain, Molly K. Anderson, Michael R. Perfit, Leah E. Morgan, Daniel J. Fornari, Michael Cosca, V. Dorsey Wanless
Constraints On Near-Ridge Magmatism Using 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology Of Enriched Morb From The 8°20' N Seamount Chain, Molly K. Anderson, Michael R. Perfit, Leah E. Morgan, Daniel J. Fornari, Michael Cosca, V. Dorsey Wanless
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Our understanding of the spatial-temporal-compositional relationships between off-axis magmatism and mid-ocean ridge spreading centers is limited. Determining the 40Ar/39Ar ages of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) lavas erupting near mid-ocean ridges (MOR) has been a challenge due to the characteristically low K2O contents in incompatible element-depleted normal MORB (NMORB). High-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology is used here to determine ages of young, basaltic lavas erupted along the 8°20' N seamount chain west of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) axis that have a range of incompatible element enrichments (EMORB) suitable for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology …
U-Pb Zircon Dates From North American And British Avalonia Bracket The Lower–Middle Cambrian Boundary Interval, With Evaluation Of The Miaolingian Series As A Global Unit, Ed Landing, Mark D. Schmitz, Stephen R. Westrop, Gerd Geyer
U-Pb Zircon Dates From North American And British Avalonia Bracket The Lower–Middle Cambrian Boundary Interval, With Evaluation Of The Miaolingian Series As A Global Unit, Ed Landing, Mark D. Schmitz, Stephen R. Westrop, Gerd Geyer
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
High-precision U-Pb zircon ages on SE Newfoundland tuffs now bracket the Avalonian Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary. Upper Lower Cambrian Brigus Formation tuffs yield depositional ages of 507.91 ± 0.07 Ma (Callavia broeggeri Zone) and 507.67 ± 0.08 Ma and 507.21 ± 0.13 Ma (Morocconus-Condylopyge eli Assemblage interval). Lower Middle Cambrian Chamberlain’s Brook Formation tuffs have depositional ages of 506.34 ± 0.21 Ma (Kiskinella cristata Zone) and 506.25 ± 0.07 Ma (Eccaparadoxides bennetti Zone). The composite unconformity separating the Brigus and Chamberlain’s Brook formations is constrained between these ages. An Avalonian Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary between 507.2 ± 0.1 …
Is Macroporosity Controlled By Complexed Clay And Soil Organic Carbon?, Aaron N. Koop, Daniel R. Hirmas, Sharon A. Billings, Li Li, Alejandro Cueva, Xi Zhang, Hang Wen, Attila Nemes, Lígia F. T. Souza, Hoori Ajami, Alejandro N. Flores, Aoesta K. Rudick, Annalise Guthrie, Lola M. Klamm, Micah Unruh, Pamela L. Sullivan
Is Macroporosity Controlled By Complexed Clay And Soil Organic Carbon?, Aaron N. Koop, Daniel R. Hirmas, Sharon A. Billings, Li Li, Alejandro Cueva, Xi Zhang, Hang Wen, Attila Nemes, Lígia F. T. Souza, Hoori Ajami, Alejandro N. Flores, Aoesta K. Rudick, Annalise Guthrie, Lola M. Klamm, Micah Unruh, Pamela L. Sullivan
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Multi-scale evidence of rapid, climate-induced soil structural changes occurring at yearly to decadal timescales is mounting. As a result, it has become increasingly important to identify the properties and mechanisms controlling the development and maintenance of soil structure and associated macroporosity. This is especially relevant since macroporosity has disproportionate effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) which strongly influences water storage and flux, thus, affecting the water cycle. In this study, we use decision trees and piecewise linear regression to assess the influence of soil and climate properties on effective porosity (EP; a proxy of macroporosity) in both …
Uav-Based Quantification Of Dynamic Lahar Channel Morphology At Volcán De Fuego, Guatemala, Jerry C. Mock, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Armando Pineda, Gustavo Bejar, Amilcar Roca
Uav-Based Quantification Of Dynamic Lahar Channel Morphology At Volcán De Fuego, Guatemala, Jerry C. Mock, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Armando Pineda, Gustavo Bejar, Amilcar Roca
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study quantified erosional and depositional processes for secondary lahars in Las Lajas drainage at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, during the rainy season from May to October 2021. Abundant pyroclastic material from ongoing eruptive activity is remobilized seasonally during heavy precipitation, which can impact infrastructure and populations living near Fuego. Our region of focus was in an agricultural zone 6 to 10 km from the summit, surveyed with an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) quadcopter at monthly intervals. Imagery was processed into overlapping time-lapse structure from motion digital elevation models (DEMs). DEMs were differenced to find volumetric changes as a function …