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2015

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Articles 12511 - 12520 of 12520

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Framework For Understanding Property Regulation And Land Use Control From A Dynamic Perspective, Donald J. Kochan Dec 2014

A Framework For Understanding Property Regulation And Land Use Control From A Dynamic Perspective, Donald J. Kochan

Donald J. Kochan

Our land use control system operates across a variety of multidimensional and dynamic categories. Learning to navigate within and between these categories requires an appreciation for their interconnected, dynamic, and textured components and an awareness of alternative mechanisms for achieving one’s land use control preferences and one’s desired ends. Whether seeking to minimize controls as a property owner or attempting to place controls on the land uses of another, one should take time to understand the full ecology of the system. This Article looks at four broad categories of control: (1) no controls, or the state of nature; (2) judicial …

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Crystal Structures Of Five 1-Alkyl-4-Aryl-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Ium Halide Salts, Marites A. Guino-O, Meghan O. Talbot, Michael M. Slitts, Theresa N. Pham, Maya C. Audi, Daron E. Janzen Dec 2014

Crystal Structures Of Five 1-Alkyl-4-Aryl-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Ium Halide Salts, Marites A. Guino-O, Meghan O. Talbot, Michael M. Slitts, Theresa N. Pham, Maya C. Audi, Daron E. Janzen

Daron E Janzen, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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Photodissociation Of Bulk Nitrobenzene At 250, 266, And 280 Nm Using A Picosecond Laser.Pdf, Chakree Tanjaroon, Christopher J. Lue, Scott Reeve, Susan D. Allen, J. Bruce Johnson Dec 2014

Photodissociation Of Bulk Nitrobenzene At 250, 266, And 280 Nm Using A Picosecond Laser.Pdf, Chakree Tanjaroon, Christopher J. Lue, Scott Reeve, Susan D. Allen, J. Bruce Johnson

Scott Reeve

No abstract provided.

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Data, Analytics And Community-Based Organizations: Transforming Data To Decisions For Community Development, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Dec 2014

Data, Analytics And Community-Based Organizations: Transforming Data To Decisions For Community Development, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

The past ten years have seen a revolution in two disciplines related to operations and strategy design. “Big Data” has transformed the theory and practice of producing and selling goods and services through methods associated with computer science and information technology. “Analytics” has popularized primarily quantitative models and methods by which organizations and systems can measure multiple aspects of performance. As these fields rely on information technology to collect, store, process and share data, we refer to the collection of knowledge and applications associated with Big Data and analytics as “data analytics and information technology.” The impacts of data analytics …

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Mainstreaming Impact Evaluation In Nature Conservation, Kathy Baylis, Jordi Honey-Roses, Jan Boerner, Esteve Corbera, Driss Ezzine-De-Blas, Paul Ferraro, Renaud Lapeyre, Martin Persson, Alex Pfaff, Sven Wunder Dec 2014

Mainstreaming Impact Evaluation In Nature Conservation, Kathy Baylis, Jordi Honey-Roses, Jan Boerner, Esteve Corbera, Driss Ezzine-De-Blas, Paul Ferraro, Renaud Lapeyre, Martin Persson, Alex Pfaff, Sven Wunder

Kathy Baylis

An important part of conservation practice is the empirical evaluation of program and policy impacts. Understanding why conservation programs succeed or fail is essential for designing cost-effective initiatives and for improving the livelihoods of natural resource users. The evidence we seek can be generated with modern impact evaluation designs. Such designs measure causal effects of specific interventions by comparing outcomes with the interventions to outcomes in credible counterfactual scenarios. Good designs also identify the conditions under which the causal effect arises. Despite a critical need for empirical evidence, conservation science has been slow to adopt these impact evaluation designs. We …

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Evaluating Heterogeneous Conservation Effects Of Forest Protection In Indonesia, Payal Shah, Kathy Baylis Dec 2014

Evaluating Heterogeneous Conservation Effects Of Forest Protection In Indonesia, Payal Shah, Kathy Baylis

Kathy Baylis

Establishing legal protection for forest areas is the most common policy used to limit forest loss. This article evaluates the effectiveness of Indonesian forest protected areas introduced between 2000 and 2012. Specifically, we explore how the effectiveness of these parks varies over space. Protected areas have mixed success in preserving forest, and it is important for conservationists to understand where they work and where they do not. Observed differences in the estimated treatment effect of protection may be driven by several factors. Indonesia is particularly diverse, with the landscape, forest and forest threats varying greatly from region to region, and …

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Epidemiology Of Latency And Relapse In Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Epidemiology Of Latency And Relapse In Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

Malaria is a major contributor to health burdens throughout the regions where it is endemic. Historically, it was believed that there was limited morbidity and essentially no mortality associated with Plasmodium vivax; however, evidence from diverse settings now suggests that infections with P. vivax can be both severe and fatal. This awareness has highlighted a critical gap: the vast majority of research has been directed towards P. falciparum, leading to a decades-long neglect of epidemiological and clinical studies of P. vivax. There exists a large body of historical data on human experimental infections with P. vivax; these studies in controlled …

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Considerations For Comprehensive Analyses Of Sporozoite-Based Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies, Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Considerations For Comprehensive Analyses Of Sporozoite-Based Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies, Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

There has been renewed interest in the use of sporozoite-based approaches for controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs), and several sets of human challenge studies have recently completed. A study undertaken in Tanzania and published in 2014 found dose dependence between 10,000 and 25,000 sporozoite doses, as well as divergent times-to-parasitemia relative to earlier studies in European volunteers, with important implications for planning future studies. Analysis of time-to-event data has had extensive development in recent years, but these methods have had limited exposure outside biostatistics. Expansion of the published analyses to include recent methodological approaches optimized for the types of data …

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Short Report: Study Variability In Recent Human Challenge Experiments With Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites (Pfspz Challenge), Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Short Report: Study Variability In Recent Human Challenge Experiments With Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites (Pfspz Challenge), Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

There has been renewed interest in the use of sporozoite-based approaches for malaria vaccination and controlled human infections, and several sets of human challenge studies have recently completed. A study undertaken in Tanzania and published in 2014 found dose-dependence between 10,000 and 25,000 sporozoite doses, as well as divergent times-to-parasitemia relative to earlier studies in European volunteers. However, this analysis shows that these conclusions are based upon suboptimal analytical methods; with more optimal analysis, there is no evidence for dose-dependence within this dose range; and more importantly, no evidence for differences in event times between Dutch and Tanzanian study sites. …

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Laypeople's Risky Decisions In The Climate Change Context: Climate Engineering As A Risk-Defusing Strategy?, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke Dec 2014

Laypeople's Risky Decisions In The Climate Change Context: Climate Engineering As A Risk-Defusing Strategy?, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

This study explores the development of laypeople’s preferences for newly emerg- ing climate engineering technology (CE). It examines whether laypeople perceive CE to be an acceptable back-up strategy (plan B) if current efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions were to fail. This idea is a common justification for CE research in the scientific debate andmay significantly influence future public debates. Ninety-eight German participants chose their preferred climate policy strategy in a quasi-realistic scenario. Participants could chose between mitigation and three CE techniques as alternative options.We employed a think-aloud interview technique, which allowed us to trace participants’ informational needs and thought processes. …

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