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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Neurosciences
The Origins Of Inspiratory And Sigh Breathing Rhythms: Ion Channels, Bursting Mechanisms, And Synaptic Topologies Studied In Vitro And In Silico, Cameron J. Grover
The Origins Of Inspiratory And Sigh Breathing Rhythms: Ion Channels, Bursting Mechanisms, And Synaptic Topologies Studied In Vitro And In Silico, Cameron J. Grover
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is the rhythmic motor behavior which maintains homeostasis by driving gas exchange between our blood and the atmosphere. This behavior is essential for life in all terrestrial mammals. This behavior involves two distinct but coupled rhythms: the inspiratory rhythm, the normal breathing rhythm that occurs on the order of seconds, and the sigh rhythm, which produces large amplitude breaths that occur on the order of minutes and maintain pulmonary function. The rhythm for both behaviors and their control originates in a specialized neuronal region of the ventral medulla called the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). While we know the anatomical region …
Examining Dual-Task Cognitive Processing From A Task-Set Perspective, Nicholas Surdel
Examining Dual-Task Cognitive Processing From A Task-Set Perspective, Nicholas Surdel
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Despite decades of empirical investigation, there remains active debate about the limitations to dual-task processing. The primary aim of the present research was to determine the roles of attentional and response-set components of task-set in dual-task processing. Through three experiments, we explored the relationships between attentional- and response-set switching in the context of a classic dual-task paradigm. Experiment I (N = 68) validated our novel integration of a dual-task task-switching paradigm. Experiment II (N = 64) replicated and extended Experiment I by integrating a single task subsection of the procedure. Finally, Experiment III (N = 23) integrated electroencephalographic measures of …
Cellular And Synaptic Mechanisms That Underlie Eupnea And Sigh Rhythms For Breathing Behavior In Mice, Daniel Scott Borrus
Cellular And Synaptic Mechanisms That Underlie Eupnea And Sigh Rhythms For Breathing Behavior In Mice, Daniel Scott Borrus
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a lifelong activity that involves the coordination of several rhythmic behaviors. This dissertation investigates the neural origins of two of these breathing rhythms: eupnea and sighing. Eupnea, or regular unlabored breathing, occurs on the order of seconds and serves to drive the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulatory system and the environment. Sighs, deep breaths that are typically 2-5 times the volume of a eupneic breath, occur on the order of minutes and are critical in maintaining pulmonary function. Understanding how these rhythms are generated on a cellular and synaptic level is an essential step …
Physiological And Transcriptomic Analyses Of Inspiratory Rhythm- And Pattern- Generating Interneurons Of The Prebötzinger Complex In Mice, Prajkta Shashikant Kallurkar
Physiological And Transcriptomic Analyses Of Inspiratory Rhythm- And Pattern- Generating Interneurons Of The Prebötzinger Complex In Mice, Prajkta Shashikant Kallurkar
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a vital rhythmic behavior essential for life. The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the lower brainstem houses a cluster of interneurons that generate the respiratory rhythm in humans and all terrestrial mammals. Neurons of the preBötC produce rhythmic bursts of neural activity that drive inspiration, the only inexorable active phase of the breathing cycle (expiration is normally passive). preBötC interneurons that comprise the core inspiratory rhythm generator are derived from precursors that express the transcription factor developing brain homeobox 1 (Dbx1). Neurons in the preBötC derived from Dbx1-expressing progenitors (hereafter referred to as Dbx1 preBötC neurons) produce rhythmic bursts …
Neuroanatomical And Morphological Properties Of Neurons That Generate Inspiratory Related Breathing Rhythm And Influence Respiratory Motor Pattern In Mice, Victoria Akins
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The relationship between neuron morphology and function is a perennial issue in neuroscience. Information about synaptic integration, network connectivity, and the specific roles of neuronal subpopulations can be obtained through morphological analysis of key neurons within any given microcircuit. Breathing is essential behavior for humans and all mammals, yet the neural microcircuit that governs respiration is not completely understood. The respiratory neural microcircuit resides within the ventral respiratory column located in the medulla. Within the respiratory column, the site of respiratory rhythm generation is the bilaterally distributed preBötzinger complex (preBötC). Rhythm-generating neurons in the preBötC are derived from a single …
Role Of Dbx1-Derived Pre-Bötzinger Complex Interneurons In Breathing Behaviors Of Adult Mice, Nikolas C. Vann
Role Of Dbx1-Derived Pre-Bötzinger Complex Interneurons In Breathing Behaviors Of Adult Mice, Nikolas C. Vann
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a rhythmic motor behavior essential to sustain homeostasis and life itself in humans and all terrestrial mammals. A specialized neuronal network is responsible for generating and controlling the rhythm and pattern for breathing. The core rhythm-generating microcircuit in particular is located within a site dubbed the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). The preBötC is a heterogeneous region containing neurons with both respiratory and non-respiratory activity that express excitatory and inhibitory transmitters, peptide transmitters and peptide receptors. More recently, preBötC neurons have been characterized by molecular genetics. The markers historically used to define the respiratory CPG within the preBötC intersect with …
Investigating Heat Shock Protein 70 As A Binding Partner Of Mk-Styx, And The Role Of Mk-Styx In Neuronal Differentiation, Lauren Elizabeth Rusnak
Investigating Heat Shock Protein 70 As A Binding Partner Of Mk-Styx, And The Role Of Mk-Styx In Neuronal Differentiation, Lauren Elizabeth Rusnak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Neural Reorganization And Neuropsychological Functioning In Normal Aging, Jamie Nicole Hershaw
The Relationship Between Neural Reorganization And Neuropsychological Functioning In Normal Aging, Jamie Nicole Hershaw
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Cumulative Single-Cell Laser Ablation Of Functionally Or Genetically Defined Respiratory Neurons Interrogates Network Properties Of Mammalian Breathing-Related Neural Circuits In Vitro, Xueying Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the pathological loss of neurons that participate in generating behavior. to mimic the neuronal degeneration procedure of a functioning neural circuit, we designed a computer-automated system that algorithmically detects and sequentially laser-ablates constituent neurons from a neural network with single-cell precision while monitoring the progressive change of the network function in real time. We applied this cell-specific cumulative lesion technique to an advantageous experimental model, the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC), the mammalian respiratory central pattern generator (CPG) that can be retained in thin slice preparations and spontaneously generates breathing-related motor activity in vitro …
Physiological And Morphological Characterization Of Genetically Defined Classes Of Interneurons In Respiratory Rhythm And Pattern Generation In Neonatal Mice, Maria Cristina De Guzman Picardo
Physiological And Morphological Characterization Of Genetically Defined Classes Of Interneurons In Respiratory Rhythm And Pattern Generation In Neonatal Mice, Maria Cristina De Guzman Picardo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing in mammals depends on an inspiratory-related rhythm that is generated by glutamatergic neurons in the preBotzinger complex (preBotC), a specialized site of the lower brainstem. Rhythm-generating preBotC neurons are derived from a single lineage that expresses the transcription factor (TF) Dbx1, but the cellular mechanisms of rhythmogenesis remain incompletely understood. to elucidate these mechanisms we comparatively analyzed Dbx1-expressing neurons (Dbx1 +) and Dbxl- neurons in the preBotC in knock-in transgenic mice. Whole-cell recordings in rhythmically active newborn mouse slice preparations showed that Dbx1 + neurons activate earlier in the respiratory cycle and discharge greater magnitude inspiratory bursts compared to …
Age-Related Changes In The Neural Correlates Of Interval Timing, Cutter Augustus. Lindbergh
Age-Related Changes In The Neural Correlates Of Interval Timing, Cutter Augustus. Lindbergh
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Morphological Study Of Dbx1+ Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Neurons In Preboetzinger Complex In Neonatal Mice, Krishanthi Tharanga Harshani Weragalaarachchi
Morphological Study Of Dbx1+ Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Neurons In Preboetzinger Complex In Neonatal Mice, Krishanthi Tharanga Harshani Weragalaarachchi
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
In Vitro Application Of Gold Nanoprobes In Live Neurons For Phenotypical Classification, Connectivity Assessment, And Electrophysiological Recording, Karl C. Mendoza
In Vitro Application Of Gold Nanoprobes In Live Neurons For Phenotypical Classification, Connectivity Assessment, And Electrophysiological Recording, Karl C. Mendoza
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Mechanisms Underlying Inspiratory Burst Generation In Prebotzinger Complex Neurons Of Neonatal Mice, Ryland Weed Pace
Mechanisms Underlying Inspiratory Burst Generation In Prebotzinger Complex Neurons Of Neonatal Mice, Ryland Weed Pace
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Understanding how molecular and cellular events integrate into a physiological behavior is a major question in neuroscience. Breathing can be easily studied using rhythmically active in vitro models that provide experimental access to perform cellular- and synapse-level experiments. While it is widely accepted that breathing depends on a specific region of the brainstem dubbed the preBotzinger complex (preBotC), the mechanisms responsible for rhythm generation remain unclear. In Chapter 1, we examine the pacemaker hypothesis, which posits that pacemaker properties and/or the persistent sodium current (/NaP) are obligatory for rhythm generation. We found that neither pacemaker properties nor /NaP are essential …
Phenotypic Properties And Intrinsic Currents Of Neurons Involved In The Neural Generation Of Mammalian Breathing, John A. Hayes
Phenotypic Properties And Intrinsic Currents Of Neurons Involved In The Neural Generation Of Mammalian Breathing, John A. Hayes
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is essential for mammalian life. Although there is an emerging consensus that the inspiratory respiratory rhythm is generated in a lower brainstem region known as the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC), the mechanism of rhythmogenesis is still unclear. Additionally, the modulation of intrinsic currents within preBotC neurons has yet to be fully elucidated. This dissertation addresses both of these issues and relies on imaging, electrophysiological, and modeling techniques. The first chapter examines the size and composition of the preBotC. The chapter also decribes the means by which substance P (SP) excites the vast majority of preBotC neurons by illustrating the characteristics …
The Effects Of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide On The Neurons Of The Preoptic Anterior Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of A Hot Flash, Daniel Cameron Braasch
The Effects Of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide On The Neurons Of The Preoptic Anterior Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of A Hot Flash, Daniel Cameron Braasch
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Natural Neuronal Variation In A Complex Neuroendocrine Pathway: Effect Of Selection For Photoperiod Responsiveness On The Density And Location Of Mature Gnrh-Releasing Neurons In Inhibitory And Excitatory Photoperiods, Mauricio Avigdor
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Neuronal Responses To Melatonin In Peromyscus Leucopus: A Candidate Mechanism For Circadian And Seasonal Temperature Regulation, Christopher Robert Fetsch
Neuronal Responses To Melatonin In Peromyscus Leucopus: A Candidate Mechanism For Circadian And Seasonal Temperature Regulation, Christopher Robert Fetsch
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Specification And Determination Of Gabaergic And Glutamatergic Neural Phenotypes In Xenopus Laevis, Mei Li
Specification And Determination Of Gabaergic And Glutamatergic Neural Phenotypes In Xenopus Laevis, Mei Li
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Prostaglandin E2 On The Neurons Of The Ventromedial Preoptic Area Of The Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of Fever, Heather J. Ranels
The Effects Of Prostaglandin E2 On The Neurons Of The Ventromedial Preoptic Area Of The Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of Fever, Heather J. Ranels
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Asymmetrical Sensory And Motor Patterns In Individuals With Inverted And Noninverted Handwriting Postures, James Brian Pope
Asymmetrical Sensory And Motor Patterns In Individuals With Inverted And Noninverted Handwriting Postures, James Brian Pope
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Similarities In Analgesia Produced By Cervical Probing And Intracranial Stimulation To The Mesencephalic Grey Matter, Kathleen Casey Westlake
Similarities In Analgesia Produced By Cervical Probing And Intracranial Stimulation To The Mesencephalic Grey Matter, Kathleen Casey Westlake
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.