Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Life Sciences (174)
- Medical Specialties (135)
- Physiology (134)
- Neurosciences (123)
- Physiological Processes (123)
-
- Medical Cell Biology (119)
- Medical Neurobiology (103)
- Medical Pharmacology (101)
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (80)
- Diseases (72)
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology (61)
- Systems and Integrative Physiology (56)
- Anatomy (40)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (35)
- Neurology (32)
- Pharmacology (30)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (30)
- Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology (29)
- Medical Pathology (26)
- Medical Biochemistry (24)
- Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology (22)
- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment (21)
- Cardiovascular Diseases (21)
- Psychology (21)
- Engineering (20)
- Cardiology (19)
- Mental and Social Health (18)
- Institution
-
- Western University (101)
- Wright State University (83)
- University of Kentucky (71)
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (55)
- Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, The George Washington University (53)
-
- LSU Health Science Center (38)
- Selected Works (35)
- Loma Linda University (27)
- Dartmouth College (23)
- Thomas Jefferson University (21)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (19)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (12)
- University of Louisville (10)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (10)
- East Tennessee State University (7)
- Valparaiso University (7)
- West Virginia University (7)
- Liberty University (5)
- Marshall University (5)
- Otterbein University (5)
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (5)
- Technological University Dublin (5)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (5)
- Wayne State University (5)
- Western Michigan University (5)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (4)
- HCA Healthcare (4)
- Roseman University of Health Sciences (4)
- Portland State University (3)
- Purdue University (3)
- Keyword
-
- Animals (37)
- Humans (24)
- Physiology (20)
- Mitochondria (19)
- Metabolism (18)
-
- Rats (18)
- Inflammation (16)
- Male (15)
- Female (14)
- Mice (14)
- Heart failure (13)
- Aging (10)
- Hypertension (10)
- Liver (10)
- Obesity (10)
- Calcium (9)
- Genetics (9)
- Oxidative stress (9)
- Lifting (8)
- Microglia (8)
- Mouse (8)
- Neurons (8)
- Placenta (8)
- Time Factors (8)
- Angiotensin II (7)
- Exercise (7)
- Hippocampus (7)
- Nicotine (7)
- Pancreas (7)
- Pharmacology (7)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications (81)
- Physiology and Pharmacology Publications (67)
- Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications (53)
- Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology (51)
- Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects (26)
-
- Dartmouth Scholarship (23)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (23)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (18)
- School of Medicine Faculty Publications (17)
- Medical Student Research Poster Symposium (13)
- University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations (13)
- Theses and Dissertations (ETD) (12)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (11)
- Theses and Dissertations--Physiology (11)
- Theses and Dissertations (10)
- Renee R. Donahue (9)
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications (9)
- Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (7)
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications (7)
- School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications (7)
- Susan C. Opava-Stitzer (7)
- Gavin Buckingham (5)
- Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN) (5)
- Psychology Presentations (5)
- Undergraduate Honors Theses (5)
- Articles (4)
- Edmund M. K. Lui (4)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (4)
- HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine (4)
- MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years (4)
- Publication Type
Articles 571 - 600 of 707
Full-Text Articles in Medical Physiology
How Loss Of Neurofibromin In Oligodendrocytes Affects The Brain, Debra A. Mayes, Tilat A. Rizvi, Nathan T. Kolasinski, S. Miller, Nancy Ratner
How Loss Of Neurofibromin In Oligodendrocytes Affects The Brain, Debra A. Mayes, Tilat A. Rizvi, Nathan T. Kolasinski, S. Miller, Nancy Ratner
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients are predisposed to central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes including enlarged brains, delayed acquisition of motor skills, brain tumors, and cognitive deficits. Imaging and pathologic analysis suggest that changes in white matter myelination may underlie both the enlargement of white matter tracts that contributes to megancephaly, and/or hyper-intense signals visualized on MRI. To study the role(s) of Nf1 and HRasin oligodendrocytes, we examined the optic nerve and corpus callosum,myelinated fiber tracts.We studiedNf1heterozygous mice,tamoxifen-induced Nf1 loss in mature oligodendrocytes (Plp-CreERT), and a new transgenic model in which the CNPase promoter drives expression of HRasG12V. Activated HRas and loss …
Lysophosphatidic Acid Production And Signaling In Platelets, Zachary Bennett Fulkerson
Lysophosphatidic Acid Production And Signaling In Platelets, Zachary Bennett Fulkerson
Theses and Dissertations--Physiology
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) belongs to a class of extracellular lipid signaling molecules. In the vasculature, LPA may regulate platelet activation and modulate endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. LPA has therefore been proposed as a mediator of cardiovascular disease.
The bulk of circulating LPA is produced from plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) by autotaxin (ATX), a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD). Early studies suggest that some of the production of circulating LPA is platelet-dependent. ATX possesses an N-terminal somatomedin B-like domain suggesting the hypothesis that ATX interacts with platelet integrins which may localize ATX to substrate in the membrane and/or alter the catalytic …
Human Chondrosarcoma Cells Acquire An Epithelial-Like Gene Expression Pattern Via An Epigenetic Switch: Evidence For Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition During Sarcomagenesis., Matthew P. Fitzgerald, Francoise Gourronc, Melissa L.T. Teoh, Matthew J. Provenzano, Adam J. Case, James A. Martin, Frederick E. Domann
Human Chondrosarcoma Cells Acquire An Epithelial-Like Gene Expression Pattern Via An Epigenetic Switch: Evidence For Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition During Sarcomagenesis., Matthew P. Fitzgerald, Francoise Gourronc, Melissa L.T. Teoh, Matthew J. Provenzano, Adam J. Case, James A. Martin, Frederick E. Domann
Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology
Chondrocytes are mesenchymally derived cells that reportedly acquire some epithelial characteristics; however, whether this is a progression through a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) during chondrosarcoma development is still a matter of investigation. We observed that chondrosarcoma cells acquired the expression of four epithelial markers, E-cadherin,desmocollin 3, maspin, and 14-3-3σ, all of which are governed epigenetically through cytosine methylation. Indeed, loss of cytosine methylation was tightly associated with acquired expression of both maspin and 14-3-3σ in chondrosarcomas. In contrast, chondrocyte cells were negative for maspin and 14-3-3σ and displayed nearly complete DNA methylation. Robust activation of these genes was also …
Learning From Mistakes: Improving Initial Fingertip Force Scaling By Observing Lifting Errors, Gavin Buckingham, Minnie Tang, Paul Gribble, Melvyn Goodale
Learning From Mistakes: Improving Initial Fingertip Force Scaling By Observing Lifting Errors, Gavin Buckingham, Minnie Tang, Paul Gribble, Melvyn Goodale
Gavin Buckingham
• When lifting objects that are lighter or heaver than we expect them to be, individuals typically misapply forces in a way that reflects their prior expectations of heaviness.
• Because we lift in this predictive way, large and small cubes elicit these characteristic errors even when they are adjusted to have equal mass. Lifters will apply too much force to a large cube and substantially less force to a small cube – errors that are rapidly corrected with repeated lifts (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).
• When watching others lift objects, an observer’s motor system automatically reacts in a way …
Von Willebrand Factor Expression In Vascular Endothelial Cells Of Cage Control And Antiorthostatic Cage Suspension Golden Hamster Ovaries., Kristan Provchy
Von Willebrand Factor Expression In Vascular Endothelial Cells Of Cage Control And Antiorthostatic Cage Suspension Golden Hamster Ovaries., Kristan Provchy
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The hamster estrous cycle lasts four days and is considered to be a physiological model for angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from preexisting vessels, and it occurs extensively during corpus luteum formation in the estrous cycle. Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a glycoprotein that is secreted uniquely in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. It is frequently used as an endothelial cell marker and it is able to detect vessels within tissues when it is used in immunohistochemical staining techniques. This study explores von Willebrand Factor expression within Golden Hamster ovarian tissue. In particular, this study uses cage control …
Analysis Of Β8 Integrin In Neurogenesis And Neurovascular Homeostasis, Aaron K. Mobley
Analysis Of Β8 Integrin In Neurogenesis And Neurovascular Homeostasis, Aaron K. Mobley
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain occurs within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. In the SVZ, neural stem cells (NSC) reside in a specialized microenvironment, or vascular niche, consisting of blood vessels and their basement membranes. Most NSCs in the SVZ differentiate into progenitor cells, which further differentiate to generate neuroblasts, which then migrate from the SVZ to the olfactory bulbs (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). ECM-mediated adhesion and signaling within the vascular niche likely contribute to proper NSC self-renewal, survival, differentiation and neuroblast motility. The mechanisms that control these events are poorly understood. Previous …
Long-Term Hypoxia Regulates Cortisol Biosynthesis In The Ovine Fetal Adrenal Cortex, Vladimir Enrique Vargas
Long-Term Hypoxia Regulates Cortisol Biosynthesis In The Ovine Fetal Adrenal Cortex, Vladimir Enrique Vargas
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Previous studies demonstrated enhanced fetal adrenal cortisol biosynthesis following exposure to long-term hypoxia (LTH). The studies presented here were designed to determine the mechanism(s) regulating this important adaptive endocrine response. Ewes were maintained at high altitude (3,820 m) from approximately day 40 to 138-141 of gestation. Fetal adrenal glands were then collected from LTH and age matched normoxic controls. Dispersed fetal adrenal cortical cells (FACs) were untreated, treated with ACTH, treated in combination with ACTH precursors (POMC and 22-kDa pro-ACTH), or pre-treated with H-89 and or UO126 followed by ACTH treatment. Following ACTH treatment, cortisol biosynthesis increased in both groups …
Quantification Of Localized Brain Iron Sources Using Magnetic Resonance Phase, Grant Alexander Mcauley
Quantification Of Localized Brain Iron Sources Using Magnetic Resonance Phase, Grant Alexander Mcauley
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Brain microbleeds (BMB), often present in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma, are associated with both chronic and acute illness of significant social and economic impact. Because BMB present a source of potentially cyctotoxic iron to the brain proportional to the amount of extravasated blood, non-invasive quantification of this iron pool is potentially valuable both to assess tissue risk and as a biomarker to monitor disease progression, treatment efficacy, and inform treatment. Past efforts to quantify brain iron have focused on distributed (e.g., anatomical) brain regions. However, BMB represent localized sources of iron deposition. In addition, conventional "magnitude" MR images …
Pharmacologic Responses Of The Mouse Urinary Bladder, A. Erdem, Christopher Chapple, Russ Chess-Williams
Pharmacologic Responses Of The Mouse Urinary Bladder, A. Erdem, Christopher Chapple, Russ Chess-Williams
Russ Chess-Williams
The aim of the study was to determine pathways involved in contraction and relaxation of the mouse urinary bladder. Mouse bladder strips were set up in gassed Krebs-bicarbonate solution and responses to various drugs and electrical field stimulation were obtained. Isoprenaline (b-receptor agonist) caused a 63% inhibition of carbachol precontracted detrusor (EC50=2nM). Carbachol caused contraction (EC50=0.3µM), responses were antagonised more potently by 4-DAMP (M3-antagonist) than methoctramine (M2-antagonist). Electrical field stimulation caused contraction, which was inhibited by atropine (60%) and less by guanethidine and α,β-methylene-ATP. The neurogenic responses were not potentiated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Presence of an intact …
Pharmacologic Responses Of The Mouse Urinary Bladder, A. Erdem, Christopher Chapple, Russ Chess-Williams
Pharmacologic Responses Of The Mouse Urinary Bladder, A. Erdem, Christopher Chapple, Russ Chess-Williams
Russ Chess-Williams
The aim of the study was to determine pathways involved in contraction and relaxation of the mouse urinary bladder. Mouse bladder strips were set up in gassed Krebs-bicarbonate solution and responses to various drugs and electrical field stimulation were obtained. Isoprenaline (b-receptor agonist) caused a 63% inhibition of carbachol precontracted detrusor (EC50=2nM). Carbachol caused contraction (EC50=0.3µM), responses were antagonised more potently by 4-DAMP (M3-antagonist) than methoctramine (M2-antagonist). Electrical field stimulation caused contraction, which was inhibited by atropine (60%) and less by guanethidine and α,β-methylene-ATP. The neurogenic responses were not potentiated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Presence of an intact …
Cortisol Exerts Bi-Phasic Regulation Of Inflammation In Humans, Mark P. Yeager, Patricia Pioli, Paul M. Guyre
Cortisol Exerts Bi-Phasic Regulation Of Inflammation In Humans, Mark P. Yeager, Patricia Pioli, Paul M. Guyre
Dartmouth Scholarship
Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used for decades to suppress inflammation. In this paper, we re-examine the role of the endogenous GC, cortisol, as a primary homeostatic regulator of the human inflammatory response to injury. Our data show that cortisol regulation of innate immunity can be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Using a human model of in vivo cortisol depletion, we first show that baseline (diurnal) cortisol concentrations do not exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This is the first clue that cortisol regulation of inflammation is not represented by a linear dose-response relationship. We next show in surgical patients that …
Q-Ve-Oph, A Negative Control For O-Phenoxy-Conjugated Caspase Inhibitors, Benjamin Southerland, Kashmira Kulkarni-Datar, Chanel Keoni, Rebecca Bricker, William C. Grunwald Jr., Daniel M. Ketcha, Eugene Hern, David R. Cool, Thomas L. Brown
Q-Ve-Oph, A Negative Control For O-Phenoxy-Conjugated Caspase Inhibitors, Benjamin Southerland, Kashmira Kulkarni-Datar, Chanel Keoni, Rebecca Bricker, William C. Grunwald Jr., Daniel M. Ketcha, Eugene Hern, David R. Cool, Thomas L. Brown
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
The broad-spectrum apoptosis (caspase) inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, has been shown to have no side effects and is effective at a much lower concentration than other FMK-type caspase inhibitors. However, an appropriate negative control to use with this inhibi- tor has not been available. In this study, we developed and analyzed a new compound, based on the Q-VD-OPh backbone, which acts as a cognate negative control. To create the negative control, we substituted a glutamate residue for the aspartate residue to create Q-VE-OPh, thereby retaining the identical charge and molecular properties with only the addition of an extra –CH2 group. The purity …
De Novo Sequencing And Analysis Of The American Ginseng Root Transcriptome Using A Gs Flx Titanium Platform To Discover Putative Genes Involved In Ginsenoside Biosynthesis, Chao Sun, Ying Li, Qiong Wu, Hongmei Luo, Yongzhen Sun, Jingyuan Song, Ed Lui, Shilin Chen
De Novo Sequencing And Analysis Of The American Ginseng Root Transcriptome Using A Gs Flx Titanium Platform To Discover Putative Genes Involved In Ginsenoside Biosynthesis, Chao Sun, Ying Li, Qiong Wu, Hongmei Luo, Yongzhen Sun, Jingyuan Song, Ed Lui, Shilin Chen
Edmund M. K. Lui
BACKGROUND: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is one of the most widely used herbal remedies in the world. Its major bioactive constituents are the triterpene saponins known as ginsenosides. However, little is known about ginsenoside biosynthesis in American ginseng, especially the late steps of the pathway. RESULTS: In this study, a one-quarter 454 sequencing run produced 209,747 high-quality reads with an average sequence length of 427 bases. De novo assembly generated 31,088 unique sequences containing 16,592 contigs and 14,496 singletons. About 93.1% of the high-quality reads were assembled into contigs with an average 8-fold coverage. A total of 21,684 (69.8%) …
Optimal Bone Strength And Mineralization Requires The Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase In Osteoblasts, J. H. D. Bassett, Alan Boyde, Peter G. T. Howell, Richard H. Bassett, Thomas M. Galliford, Marta Archanco, Holly Evans, Michelle A. Lawson, Peter Croucher, Donald L. St. Germain, Valerie A. Galton, Graham R. Williams
Optimal Bone Strength And Mineralization Requires The Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase In Osteoblasts, J. H. D. Bassett, Alan Boyde, Peter G. T. Howell, Richard H. Bassett, Thomas M. Galliford, Marta Archanco, Holly Evans, Michelle A. Lawson, Peter Croucher, Donald L. St. Germain, Valerie A. Galton, Graham R. Williams
Dartmouth Scholarship
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are each associated with an increased risk of fracture. Although thyroxine (T4) is the predominant circulating thyroid hormone, target cell responses are determined by local intracellular availability of the active hormone 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), which is generated from T4 by the type 2 deiodinase enzyme (D2). To investigate the role of locally produced T3 in bone, we characterized mice deficient in D2 (D2KO) in which the serum T3 level is normal. Bones from adult D2KO mice have reduced toughness and are brittle, displaying an increased susceptibility to fracture. This phenotype is characterized by a 50% reduction in bone …
Bitc Sensitizes Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas To Trail-Induced Apoptosis, Christina A. Wicker, Ravi P. Sahu, Kashmira Kulkarni-Datar, Sanjay K. Srivastava, Thomas L. Brown
Bitc Sensitizes Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas To Trail-Induced Apoptosis, Christina A. Wicker, Ravi P. Sahu, Kashmira Kulkarni-Datar, Sanjay K. Srivastava, Thomas L. Brown
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a greater than 95% mortality rate and short survival after diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic resistance hinders successful treatment. This resistance is often associated with mutations in codon 12 of the K-Ras gene (K-Ras 12), which is present in over 90% of all pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Codon 12 mutations maintain Ras in a constitutively active state leading to continuous cellular proliferation. Our study determined if TRAIL resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinomas with K-Ras 12 mutations could be overcome by first sensitizing the cells with Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). BITC is a component of cruciferous vegetables and a cell cycle …
The Role Of The L-Type Calcium Channel And Its Carboxyl-Terminus, Miranda Jean Byse
The Role Of The L-Type Calcium Channel And Its Carboxyl-Terminus, Miranda Jean Byse
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
In the heart, the primary role of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) CaV1.2 is to conduct calcium into cardiomyocytes and initiate contraction. However, part of the CaV1.2 channel itself, the cleaved carboxyl-terminus (CCt) can also localize to the nucleus and regulate gene transcription. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation project was to determine the role and regulation of CCt in the embryonic and adult heart. The global hypothesis of my dissertation project is that CCt localizes to the nucleus in embryonic and adult cardiomyocytes via a calcium-mediated mechanism and regulates transcription. A model of pharmacological LTCC …
Neural Mechanisms Of Sympathetic Activation During Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity-Induced Hypertension, Megan Elyse Bardgett
Neural Mechanisms Of Sympathetic Activation During Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity-Induced Hypertension, Megan Elyse Bardgett
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Obesity afflicts more than 30% of the U.S. population and is a major risk factor for the development of hypertension, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Studies in humans and animals indicate that obesity is associated with increased sympathetic outflow to the vasculature and kidneys. One mechanism postulated to underlie the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in obesity is hyperinsulinemia. Little is known regarding the central circuitry underlying elevated SNA and arterial blood pressure (ABP) during hyperinsulinemia and obesity or if sympathoexcitatory circuits are still responsive to insulin in obesity.
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps elevate SNA to the hind limb vasculature …
Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn A. Goodale
Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn A. Goodale
Psychology Presentations
Our expectations of an object’s heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different‐sized objects of identical mass feel different weights (Charpentier, 1891) long after any initial errors in the application of fingertip forces have been corrected (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).
Here, we examined whether our expectations about the weight of an upcoming lift are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift during a …
Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie S. Ranger, Melvyn A. Goodale
Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie S. Ranger, Melvyn A. Goodale
Psychology Presentations
In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).
The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).
We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …
Genes And Joints, Frank Beier
Genes And Joints, Frank Beier
Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging Presentations
No abstract provided.
Electrospun Nanofibers For Neural Tissue Engineering, Jingwei Xie, Matthew R. Macewan, Andrea G. Schwartz, Younan Xia
Electrospun Nanofibers For Neural Tissue Engineering, Jingwei Xie, Matthew R. Macewan, Andrea G. Schwartz, Younan Xia
MIIR Faculty Research
Biodegradable nanofibers produced by electrospinning represent a new class of promising scaffolds to support nerve regeneration. We begin with a brief discussion on electrospinning of nanofibers and methods for controlling the structure, porosity, and alignment of the electrospun nanofibers. The methods include control of the nanoscale morphology and microscale alignment for the nanofibers, as well as the fabrication of macroscale, three-dimensional tubular structures. We then highlight recent studies that utilize electrospun nanofibers to manipulate biological processes relevant to nervous tissue regeneration, including stem cell differentiation, guidance of neurite extension, and peripheral nerve injury treatments. The main objective of this feature …
Activation Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor G In Brain Inhibits Inflammatory Pain, Dorsal Horn Expression Of Fos, And Local Edema, Jenny Morgenweck, Omar D. Abdel-Aleem, Katelyn C. Mcnamara, Renee R. Donahue, M Z. Badr, Bradley K. Taylor
Activation Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor G In Brain Inhibits Inflammatory Pain, Dorsal Horn Expression Of Fos, And Local Edema, Jenny Morgenweck, Omar D. Abdel-Aleem, Katelyn C. Mcnamara, Renee R. Donahue, M Z. Badr, Bradley K. Taylor
Renee R. Donahue
Systemic administration of thiazolidinediones reduces peripheral inflammation in vivo, presumablybyacting at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg) in peripheral tissues. Based on a rapidly growing body of literature indicating the CNS as a functional target of PPARg actions, we postulated that brain PPARg modulates peripheral edema and the processing of inflammatory pain signals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To test this in the plantar carrageenan model of inflammatory pain, we measured paw edema, heat hyperalgesia, and dorsal horn expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of PPARg ligands or vehicle. We found that ICV rosiglitazone …
Local Synaptic Network Interactions In The Dentate Gyrus Of A Cortical Contusion Model Of Posttraumatic Epilepsy, Robert F. Hunt Iii
Local Synaptic Network Interactions In The Dentate Gyrus Of A Cortical Contusion Model Of Posttraumatic Epilepsy, Robert F. Hunt Iii
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Posttraumatic epilepsy is a common consequence of brain trauma. However, little is known about how long-term changes in local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic networks contribute to epilepsy after closed-head brain injury. This study adapted a widely used model of experimental brain injury as a mouse model of posttraumatic epilepsy. Behavioral seizure activity and alterations in synaptic circuitry in the dentate gyrus were examined in mice after experimental cortical contusion brain injury. Spontaneous behavioral seizures were observed in 20% of mice after moderate injury and 36-40% of mice weeks after severe injury. In the dentate gyrus, most mice displayed regionally localized …
Individualized Cognitive Modeling For Close-Loop Task Mitigation, Guangfan Zhang, Roger Xu, Wei Wang, Jiang Li, Tom Schnell, Mike Keller, Thomas E. Pinelli (Ed.)
Individualized Cognitive Modeling For Close-Loop Task Mitigation, Guangfan Zhang, Roger Xu, Wei Wang, Jiang Li, Tom Schnell, Mike Keller, Thomas E. Pinelli (Ed.)
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
An accurate real-time operator functional state assessment makes it possible to perform task management, minimize risks, and improve mission performance. In this paper, we discuss the development of an individualized operator functional state assessment model that identifies states likely leading to operational errors. To address large individual variations, we use two different approaches to build a model for each individual using its data as well as data from subjects with similar responses. If a subject's response is similar to that of the individual of interest in a specific functional state, all the training data from this subject will be used …
Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn Goodale
Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn Goodale
Gavin Buckingham
Our expectations of an object’s heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different‐sized objects of identical mass feel different weights (Charpentier, 1891) long after any initial errors in the application of fingertip forces have been corrected (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).
Here, we examined whether our expectations about the weight of an upcoming lift are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift during a …
Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie Ranger, Melvyn Goodale
Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie Ranger, Melvyn Goodale
Gavin Buckingham
In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).
The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).
We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …
Gamma Motor Neurons Express Distinct Genetic Markers At Birth And Require Muscle Spindle-Derived Gdnf For Postnatal Survival, Neil A. Shneider, Meghan N. Brown, Courtney A. Smith, James Pickel, Francisco J. Alvarez
Gamma Motor Neurons Express Distinct Genetic Markers At Birth And Require Muscle Spindle-Derived Gdnf For Postnatal Survival, Neil A. Shneider, Meghan N. Brown, Courtney A. Smith, James Pickel, Francisco J. Alvarez
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Background: Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs) selectively innervate muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulate their sensitivity to stretch. They constitute a distinct subpopulation that differs in morphology, physiology and connectivity from α-MNs, which innervate extrafusal muscle fibers and exert force. The mechanisms that control the differentiation of functionally distinct fusimotor neurons are unknown. Progress on this question has been limited by the absence of molecular markers to specifically distinguish and manipulate γ-MNs. Recently, it was reported that early embryonic γ-MN precursors are dependent on GDNF. Using this knowledge we characterized genetic strategies to label developing γ-MNs based on GDNF receptor expression, …
Effects Of Estrogen On The Mechanical Behavior Of The Human Achilles Tendon In Vivo, Adam Bryant, Ross Clark, Simon Bartold, Aron Murphy, Kim Bennell, Erik Hohmann, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Craig Payne, Kay Crossley
Effects Of Estrogen On The Mechanical Behavior Of The Human Achilles Tendon In Vivo, Adam Bryant, Ross Clark, Simon Bartold, Aron Murphy, Kim Bennell, Erik Hohmann, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Craig Payne, Kay Crossley
Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of normal fluctuating [nonmonophasic oral contraceptive pill (MOCP) users] and low, consistent (MOCP users) endogenous plasma estrogen levels on the strain behavior of the Achilles tendon in vivo. Twenty women (age 28.0 ± 4.2 yr, height 1.67 ± 0.07 m, mass 61.6 ± 6.8 kg) who had been using the MOCP for at least 12 mo together with 20 matched women who were non-MOCP users (age 31.9±7.3 yr, height 1.63 ± 0.05 m, mass 62.5 ± 5.9 kg) participated in this study. Non-MOCP users were tested at the time of …
A Dominant Loss-Of-Function Gja1 (Cx43) Mutant Impairs Parturition In The Mouse, Dan Tong, Xuerong Lu, Hong-Xing Wang, Isabelle Plante, Ed Lui, Dale W. Laird, Donglin Bai, Gerald M. Kidder
A Dominant Loss-Of-Function Gja1 (Cx43) Mutant Impairs Parturition In The Mouse, Dan Tong, Xuerong Lu, Hong-Xing Wang, Isabelle Plante, Ed Lui, Dale W. Laird, Donglin Bai, Gerald M. Kidder
Physiology and Pharmacology Publications
Expression of GJA1 (commonly known as connexin43 or Cx43), a major myometrial gap junction protein, is upregulated before the onset of delivery, suggesting an essential role for Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in normal uterine contraction during parturition. To determine how a disease-linked Cx43 mutation affects myometrial function, we studied a mutant mouse model carrying an autosomal dominant mutation (Gja1Jrt) in the gene encoding Cx43 that displays features of the human genetic disease oculodentodigital dysplasia. We found that Cx43 level, specifically the phosphorylated species of the protein, is significantly reduced in the myometrium of the mutant mice (Gja1Jrt/+), as …
The Role Of Epha4 In Glial Scar Formation Following Injury, Krysti Todd
The Role Of Epha4 In Glial Scar Formation Following Injury, Krysti Todd
Honors Scholar Theses
Although many areas of the brain lose their regenerative capacity with age, stem cell niches have been identified in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) along the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (Gage, 2000; Alvarez-Buylla et al., 2001; Alvarez-Buylla and Lim, 2004). The SVZ niche utilizes many mechanisms to determine the migration patterns of neuroblasts along the RMS into the olfactory bulb, one being Eph/ephrin signaling (Conover et al., 2000; Holmberg et al., 2005). EphA4-mediated signaling is necessary for axon guidance during development, and its continued expression in the SVZ niche …