Musculoskeletal System Commons^™

Control Of Myosin Motor Activity And Actin Filament Translation By Alteration Of Assay Reducing Potential, Siva Krishna Nalabotu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The use of biomolecular motors for nanotechnological applications has been impaired by an inability to control biomolecular motor activity in a temporal fashion. Previous data has suggested that myosin activity can be modulated by inducing changes in the degree of myosin oxidation. The hypothesis of this study is that myosin motor activity can be regulated by altering the amount of antioxidants and reducing agents present in assay solution. To test this hypothesis we systematically altered the concentration of reducing agents and examined the effects of these changes on myosin-dependent actin filament translation. Our findings indicate that myosin activity can be …

The Effects Of Differing Bicycle Frame Geometry On Muscle Recruitment Strategies And Power During A 30-Second Wingate Anaerobic Test, Patrick Hills-Meyer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to test how changing the bicycle frame geometry; from a shallow frame geometry [seat tube angle (STA) of 72°] to a steep frame geometry (STA of 82°) affected the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the hamstrings [biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles] and the quadriceps [vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL)] and power (max, mean, min, and, % drop) during a Wingate anaerobic test (WAT). To measure the muscle recruitment and power, 12 experienced triathletes were prepped with surface electrodes to measure EMG amplitude and an electrogoniometer to measure knee joint angle while …

The Effects Of Ankle Taping And Spatting On The Reaction Times Of The Supporting Musculature Of The Ankle Before And After Exercise In Healthy And Functionally Unstable Ankles, Jennifer I. Mckenzie

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Ankle taping is a common practice in the athletic training room, but there is minimal evidence to support its effectiveness in enhancing muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle taping on muscle activation following sudden inversion in functionally unstable and healthy ankles before and after exercise. Fourteen recreational athletes with a unilateral functionally unstable ankle volunteered to participate. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the peroneals and anterior tibialis muscles of both extremities. Each subject received four treatment conditions; ankle taping, ankle taping with spatting, spatting, and no tape in a randomly assigned, …

Deep Muscle Function In The Cervical Spine: Application To Musculoskeletal Modelling, Jonathon Green

Theses : Honours

Neck pain in occupational tasks is a problem that involves a high cost to society therefore, understanding the mechanics of musculoskeletal loading is important in formulating preventative rehabilitation strategies. Musculoskeletal modelling of the neck provides a means by which to calculate loads on the components and muscles of the neck thus allowing quantitative data to be gained non-invasivcly for a wide range of occupational tasks. Anatomically detailed, electromyography (EMG) driven neck models require deep muscle EMG activation profiles which arc difficult to attain without invasive EMG procedures. The aim of this study was to determine whether EMG activity of semispinalis …

The Short-Term Effects Of Grade 1 And 2 Joint Mobilizations On Subject Pain Range Of Motion And Muscle Activity In The Pathological Lumbar Spine, Sean Hanrahan

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term effects of Grades 1 and 2 posteroanterior joint mobilizations (JM) at the pathological lumbar spine on subject pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle force. All subjects were determined to have sustained mechanical dysfunction of the lumbar spine of less than 48 hours as assessed through a standardized evaluation. Subjects were randomly assigned to a group; the control group received ice and stretching while the experimental group received JM in addition to ice and stretching. The JM's were performed at 3 consecutive lumbar segments surrounding the area of greatest discomfort. …

Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Sense organs in the legs that detect body weight are an important component in the regulation of posture and locomotion. This thesis seeks to gain an understanding of how body weight is detected by sense organs of the legs, and determine how this information influences muscle activities in standing and walking. The first study tested the ability of tibial campaniform sensilla (receptors that monitor forces in the cockroach leg) to encode variations in body load using magnets attached to the thorax. Recordings of sensory activities in freely standing animals showed that proximal tibial sensilla (oriented perpendicular to the leg long …

The Effect Of Moderate +Gz On Cervical Muscle Strength Of Raaf Trainee Pilots Flying Pc-9 Aircraft, Elissa Jane Burton

Theses : Honours

External stimulus/loading initiates adaptations within skeletal muscle. Whilst performing flying manoeuvres under +Gz it has been previously found that the cervical area has the highest loading. The purpose of this study was to examine cervical muscle response to moderate +Gz force (+4-6Gz) loading generated during RAAF pilot training. Cervical muscle strength was monitored in nine RAAF pilots completing an eight-month flight training course and ten controls matched for gender, age, height and weight. Cervical muscle strength and range of movement were measured at baseline and at eight months using the Multi-Cervical Rehabilitation Unit (Hanoun, Canada). Also measured, using EMG, was …

Efficacy Of AllowashTm Solution In Solubilization Of Bone Marrow, Alyce Marie Linthurst

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

LifeNet currently cleans allograft bone utilizing Allowash^TM Technology, which encompasses the use of a closed continuous circulation chamber to remove bone marrow by flushing it with Allowash^TM Solution for a prescribed time and temperature after which, it is rinsed with various solutions to remove residual detergent that could be toxic to the recipient. A portion of this process employs Allowash^TM Solution to improve the solubilization and removal of protein and cellular elements in the red bone marrow. This study examines the effectiveness of Allowash^TM Solution in comparison to its component detergents Nonidet P40, Nonoxynol 9 and …

A Kinematic And Kinetic Analysis Of First, Fourth, And Fifth Positions In The Classical Ballet Method, Mary Sue Hill

Masters Theses

The problem of the study was to compare electromyography (EMG) responses, ground reaction forces, and torques on female college-age dancers' knees in selected positions. Subjects were 18 female dancers, aged 18 to 30 years, with 6 subjects from each of three levels: Ballet Technique I, II, and III. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were analyzed in a grande plie in three positions, (1) first, (2) fourth, and (3) fifth, with two phases: (1) eccentric, and (2) concentric. No differences in force or EMG data were found for the concentric phases of the three positions. Significant differences were …

Pain Levels And Rating Of Perceived Exertion Of People With Herniated Lumbar Disc While Walking In Two Environments, Brenda L. Cunningham-Boerger

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to investigate if walking in water is an effective substitute for walking on land as an aerobic exercise for people with herniated lumbar disc. The study involved the dependent variables o f perceived pain levels (PPL) and ratings o f perceived exertion (RPE). Independent variables were walking condition and work intensity. Land walking was performed on a treadmill; water walking was performed in an indoor pool 4.5 ft deep and 90*F. Work was set at four different intensities, based on the formula for predicting maximum heart rate (MHR), 220 minus age. The graded work …

Neurophysiologic Bases For Abnormal Muscle Coactivation Patterns In Hemiparetic Stroke, Julius P.A. Dewald

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To study disturbed muscle activation patterns in hemiparetic stroke, the EMG activity in spastic-paretic and contralateral elbow muscles of 10 stroke subjects were compared during graded directionally varying voluntary isometric contractions. We observed significant shifts in the peak EMG angle and increases in the angular range of EMG activity in the impaired upper limb. Furthermore, we observed stereotypic coactivation of many muscles acting at the same joint or at different joints across all subjects.

The effect of elbow angle changes on muscle coactivation patterns was studied by examining isometric torque-angle relations under passive and active conditions in 8 stroke subjects. …

Osteoinductivity Of Demineralized Bone: A Quantitative In Vitro Assessment, Yihong Zheng

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Acid demineralized bone (DMB) implanted in extraosseous sites induces bone formation. In vivo studies have shown that DMB stimulates the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteogenic cells. In this study an in vitro system was developed to demonstrate the osteoinductivity of DMB quantitatively. This in vitro working system was used to assess the osteoinductivity of variously processed DMB products as a means to evaluate their processing protocols. A human dermal fibroblastic (HDF) cell line was initiated from tissue explants as a working model, along with a human periosteal (HPO) cell line as a control. Ground DMB processed by LifeNet Transplant …

The Inhibition Of Bone Formation Occurring Under Weightlessness : The Effect Of Skeletal Unloading On Serum Levels Of A Bone-Derived Growth Factor, Jean D. Sibonga

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A deleterious effect of spaceflight on human health is the loss of bone associated with the prolonged lack of gravitational stress on the skeleton. A potential for bone loss is indicated by the hypercalciuria and decreased heel bone density determined in Skylab astronauts. Histological studies of juvenile laboratory rats in actual spaceflight and in simulation models document a suppression of bone formation with little alteration of bone resorption. The mechanism for net bone loss needs to be defined in order to develop measures for its prevention or correction.

Skeletal growth factors, which may mediate coupling and locally regulate bone volume …

Cineradiography Of The Temporomandibular Joint : A Research Entity And Diagnostic Modality, L. Albert Lewis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Readily accessible equipment as utilized for cineangiography has been demonstrated to be useful in producing dynamic studies of the temporomandibular joint.

The reproducible studies have been obtained without adaptation of equipment. Methods used in this project were based on principles which have been advocated for the past thirty years for static radiographs of the temporomandibular joints.

Studies were made of a variety of subjects varying in size and joint integrity. Diagnostic views were obtained on all subjects showing normal osseous joint structures and typical joint function via the use of motion picture records. Changes in osseous joint structures were readily …

The Effects Of Desoxycorticosterone, Hydrocortisone, And Prednisone On Myogenesis In Vitro, Gregory K. Nienaber

Masters Theses

In order to obtain proper muscle development in tissue culture, certain conditions must prevail. There is a delicate balance of factors, and elimination of even one of these factors leads to poor and improper development. Muscle cells grown in the absence of fibroblasts usually fail to differentiate. Therefore, proper development depends upon the presence of two cell types: myoblasts and fibroblasts. Investigators have demonstrated that the fibroblasts are necessary in that they produce collagen which is necessary for proper muscle development. The present study has shown that desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone at concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 ug/ml of …

Masseter And Temporal Muscle Adaptability To Interproximal Contact Disruption : An Electromyographic Study, Robert E. French

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study an attempt was made to determine the amount of interproximal contact disruption necessary to initiate an electromyographically discernable deviation in the masticatory musculature. Ten adult subjects with adjudged normal occlusions were used. An additional study was under taken to determine the time necessary for the right and left temporal and masseter muscles to accommodate this disruption. Myographic recordings were taken of the subjects while closing firmly in centric occlusion and chewing Dentyne gum first on the right side, then on the left.

Contact disruption was accomplished with a metal shim of .003 inch thickness and later in …

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Temporal And Masseter Muscles During The Para-Retentional Period In Orthodontic Patients, Thomas L. Thompson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was initiated to compare electromyographically the activity of the masseter and temporal muscles during the early retentional period in orthodontic patients. Electromyographic recordings were taken at the following times: (1) before typical edgewise appliance was removed, (2) at time of retainer insertion, (3) after eight to twelve weeks of retainer wearing, and (4) one day following occlusal equilibration. Electromyograms from the orthodontic group of subjects were compared with electromyograms from a group of subjects with normal occlusion, and a group of subjects with untreated Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. There was a total of thirteen subjects studied: five …