Diagnosis Commons^™

Hiv: Make The Diagnosis And Take The Next Step, Julie G. Stewart, Amy R. Weinberg

Nursing Faculty Publications

With the CDC urging screening for all willing patients, providers will be testing and managing a growing number of HIV-positive individuals.

The CDC estimates that with more than 40,000 new infections annually, more than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV-and 24% to 27% may not be aware of their infection status.1 Studies have shown that HIV is often diagnosed late in the disease process, when the individual has already developed AIDS, which typically occurs 8 to 11 years after HIV infection.2 Research also points to missed opportunities to offer HIV testing and diagnose the infection …

Evaluating Children With Otitis Media For Bacteremia Or Urinary Tract Infection., Daniel Yawman, Patrick Mahar, Aaron Blumkin, Gregory P. Conners

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background. It is unclear if clinicians evaluate for concurrent bacteremia or UTI in young patients diagnosed with acute otitis media (AOM). Objectives. To describe how often, and under which circumstances, emergency providers investigate for bacteremia or UTI in 2-36 month olds with AOM. Methods. Cases of AOM were analyzed from the 2001-2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)-Emergency Department dataset. Results. AOM was diagnosed in 17% of the 10,847 recorded visits of 2-36 month olds. Of these visits, laboratory testing included: CBC: 7%, Blood culture: 4%, urinalysis or urine culture: 5%, and any of these tests: 9%. Rates of …

Adjacent Slice Prostate Cancer Prediction To Inform Maldi Imaging Biomarker Analysis, Shao-Hui Chuang, Xiaoyan Sun, Lisa Cazares, Julius Nyalwidhe, Dean Troyer, O. John Semmes, Jiang Li, Frederic D. Mckenzie, Nico Karssemeijer (Ed.), Ronald M. Summers (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men in US [1]. Traditionally, prostate cancer diagnosis is made by the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and histopathological images of biopsy samples under microscopes. Proteomic biomarkers can improve upon these methods. MALDI molecular spectra imaging is used to visualize protein/peptide concentrations across biopsy samples to search for biomarker candidates. Unfortunately, traditional processing methods require histopathological examination on one slice of a biopsy sample while the adjacent slice is subjected to the tissue destroying desorption and ionization processes of MALDI. The highest confidence tumor regions gained from the …

Statistical Hypothesis Testing For Postreconstructed And Postregistered Medical Images, Eugene Demidenko

Dartmouth Scholarship

Postreconstructed and postregistered medical images are typically treated as the raw data, implicitly assuming that those operations are error free. We question this assumption and explore how the precision of reconstruction and affine registration can be assessed by the image covariance matrix and confidence interval, called the confidence eigenimage, using a statistical model-based approach. Various hypotheses may be tested after image reconstruction and registration using classical statistical hypothesis testing vehicles: Is there a statistically significant difference between images? Does the intensity at a specific location or area of interest belong to the “normal” range? Is there a tumor? Does the …

Acute Respiratory Infections, Sharon Sanders, Jenny Doust, Chris Del Mar

Jenny Doust

Extract: Acute respiratory infections may be classified in several different ways: by their symptoms (fever, sore throat, cough, ear pain, runny nose); by their clinical manifestations (coryza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, epiglottitis, otitis media, influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia); or by causative organism. Furthermore, their symptoms and sometimes the whole clinical picture may be shared by conditions that are not infections (asthma, allergic rhinitis). Some of this complexity is shown in Figure 46.1. Elucidating the exact location or responsible organism is usually clinically unhelpful. In this chapter, we focus on diagnostic questions that have the greatest impact on the patient with an acute respiratory …

Acute Respiratory Infections, Sharon Sanders, Jenny Doust, Chris Del Mar

Christopher Del Mar

Extract: Acute respiratory infections may be classified in several different ways: by their symptoms (fever, sore throat, cough, ear pain, runny nose); by their clinical manifestations (coryza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, epiglottitis, otitis media, influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia); or by causative organism. Furthermore, their symptoms and sometimes the whole clinical picture may be shared by conditions that are not infections (asthma, allergic rhinitis). Some of this complexity is shown in Figure 46.1. Elucidating the exact location or responsible organism is usually clinically unhelpful. In this chapter, we focus on diagnostic questions that have the greatest impact on the patient with an acute respiratory …

Feasibility Study Of Liquid-Based Cytology For Post-Treatment Surveillance Of Patients With Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Wendy Likes

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction: Colposcopy and tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for diagnosing vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Vulvar colposcopy is fairly nonspecific. As a result, many women undergo unwarranted painful biopsies. Vulvar cytology, which is relatively painless, inexpensive and allows a larger area to be sampled, may likely reduce false negative diagnoses. However, previous cytological studies that used conventional methodologies were largely unsuccessful in diagnosing VIN. In this study, liquid based cytology and HPV typing by PCR have been assessed as possible alternatives to biopsy for follow-up surveillance of women treated for VIN.

Methods: Women with a history of VIN and a …

Risk Factors For Persistent Problems Following Whiplash Injury: Results Of A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, David Walton

David Walton

No abstract provided.

Universal Screening For Extracardiac Abnormalities In Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease., Javier H. Gonzalez, Girish S. Shirali, Andrew M. Atz, Sarah N. Taylor, Geoffrey A. Forbus, Sinai C. Zyblewski, Anthony M. Hlavacek

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Extracardiac or genetic abnormalities (EGA) represent a factor in the morbidity of patients with congenital heart disease. We evaluated the way neonates with CHD are screened at our institution and determined the yield for the screening tests. We reviewed the charts of 223 neonates with structural CHD. Subjects were categorized into 6 groups: univentricular, left-sided obstructive lesions, right-sided obstructive lesions, septal defects, conotruncal defects (CTD), and other. We reviewed which patients underwent cranial ultrasonogram (CUS), abdominal ultrasonogram (AUS), and/or genetic studies (GS) as well as their results. There was a high prevalence of EGA in each group by CUS (32% …

Methodology Development For Three-Dimensional Mr-Guided Near Infrared Spectroscopy Of Breast Tumors, Colin M. Carpenter, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Combined Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a unique method to quantify hemodynamics, water content, and cellular size and packing density of breast tumors, as these tissue constituents can be quantified with increased resolution and overlaid on the structural features identified by the MR. However, the choices in how to reconstruct and visualize this information can have a dramatic impact on the feasibility of implementing this modality in the clinic. This is especially true in 3 dimensions, as there is often limited optical sampling of the breast tissue, and methods need to accurately reflect …

Current Significance Of Meconium Plug Syndrome., Scott J. Keckler, Shawn D. St Peter, Troy L. Spilde, Kuojen Tsao, Daniel J. Ostlie, G W. Holcomb Iii, Charles L. Snyder

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The significance of meconium plug syndrome is dependent on the underlying diagnosis. The incidence of pathologic finding, particularly Hirschsprung's disease, contributing to the presence of these plugs, has been debated. However, there are little recent data in the literature. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with meconium plugs as a cause of abdominal distension to evaluate the associated conditions and incidence of Hirschsprung's disease.

METHODS: We reviewed the records of newborns with meconium plugs found in the distal colon on contrast enema from 1994 to 2007. Demographics, radiologic findings, histologic findings, operative findings, and clinical courses were reviewed.

RESULTS: During …

Barriers To Breast Cancer Prevention, Detection And Treatment Among Middle Eastern Women, Senida Husic

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Many have heard of breast cancer and how it has become one of the top caused of death in the United States. but how many know of the impact it has on other parts of the world, the developed and developing countries? Accourding to the World Health Organization (WHO), 13% of all deaths in the world are due to cancer and it is predicted to increase in the upcoming decades. In the Arab World, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 70% of women who discovered in late stages in the Unted States. The reseach focused on identifying whether the barriers …

Smallpox, Richard N. Bradley

Richard N Bradley

Description Viral infection of the human respiratory tract. Causes Infection by variola virus. Risk Factors Exposure to a biological warfare or bioterror attack or contact with an infected person. Symptoms

Fever, cough and body aches, followed by a spotted, bumpy rash.

Diagnosis

Confirmed by testing blood or the fluid from the blisters.

Treatments

None currently approved but experts are testing some medications.

Pathogenesis

The virus enters and multiplies in the respiratory passages.

Prevention

Avoid those with the disease. During an outbreak a vaccine is available that will prevent the disease or lessen its severity.

Epidemiology

Completely eradicated from nature, but …

Left Ventricular Noncompaction Mimicking Peripartum Cardiomyopathy., Chetan Patel, Girish S. Shirali, Naveen Pereira

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Near-Infrared Characterization Of Breast Tumors In Vivo Using Spectrally-Constrained Reconstruction, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Ben Brooksby, Shudong Jiang, Hamid Dehghani, Christine Kogel, Wendy A. Wells, Steven P. Poplack, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Multi-wavelength Near-Infrared (NIR) Tomography was utilized in this study to non-invasively quantify physiological parameters of breast tumors using direct spectral reconstruction. Frequency domain NIR measurements were incorporated with a new spectrally constrained direct chromophore and scattering image reconstruction algorithm, which was validated in simulations and experimental phantoms. Images of total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, water, and scatter parameters were obtained with higher accuracy than previously reported. Using this spectral approach, in vivo NIR images are presented and interpreted through a series of case studies (n=6 subjects) having differing abnormalities. The corresponding mammograms and ultrasound images are also evaluated. Three of six …

Presentation And Symptom Predictors Of Coronary Heart Disease In Patients With And Without Diabetes, Marjorie Funk, Janice B. Naum, Kerry A. Milner, Deborah Chyun

Nursing Faculty Publications

The aims of this prospective, observational study were to compare: (1) symptom presentation of coronary heart disease (CHD) between patients with and without diabetes and (2) symptom predictors of CHD in patients with and without diabetes. We directly observed 528 patients with symptoms suggestive of CHD as they presented to the ED of a 900-bed cardiac referral center in the northeastern United States. There were no significant differences in symptom presentation of CHD between patients with and without diabetes, although patients with diabetes were slightly more likely to present with shortness of breath (P =.056). Patients with diabetes reported …

Recognition Of Left Atrial Aneurysm By Fetal Echocardiography., R R. Fountain-Dommer, H B. Wiles, C O. Shuler, S M. Bradley, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Untrained Volunteers Are Marginally Effective In Delivering Public Access Defibrillation, Richard N. Bradley, Lynda J. Schoenstein, Mohhamad Alshanti

Richard N Bradley

Study objectives: This study analyzed the behavior of untrained volunteers when presented with a simulated cardiac arrest and an automated external defibrillator (AED). The primary hypothesis of this study was that volunteers could, with no advance training, operate an AED to deliver a defibrillation to a mannequin in 3 minutes or less at least 75% of the time. The secondary hypothesis was that this population would perform all of the tasks considered essential in AED use (establish unresponsiveness, check for breathing, give 2 rescue breaths, check for pulse, apply electrodes correctly, clear patient, activate emergency medical services (EMS) response, and …

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report 1965, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1965 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1964 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1962 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report 1961, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1961 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report 1960, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1960 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1959 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1958 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Ua3/3 Health Clinic Report, Wku President's Office

WKU Archives Records

WKU Health Clinic monthly reports for 1957 recording the number of physical exams, immunizations, illnesses, diseases and injuries treated.

Quantitative Sugar Estimations In Pleural Fluid - An Aid To Diagnosis, John E. Peterson

Medical Arts and Sciences: A Scientific Journal of the College of Medical Evangelists

In a study of 33 cases of serous effusion it would appear that determination of the sugar content of the pleural fluid may provide an early clue to the etiologic diagnosis.