Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Hss Advocate Alumni News Fall 2007, Department Of Health And Sport Sciences

Health and Sport Sciences Newsletter

• Completing A Chapter by Tiffany Orcena
• Service Learning: A Win Win Experience
• Updates from the Majors
• Departmental Name Change

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 5, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Carolina Viñoles Gil, B. L. Paganoni, K. M. M. Glover, J. T. B. Milton, G. B. Martin, Hugh Dove, Bill Mckiernan, John Wilkins, Paul Greenwood, Linda Cafe

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

1. Breech Strike Resistance: Selecting for resistance traits reduces breech strike, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

2. Breeding Merino Sheep for Worm Resistance increases profit in a Mediterranean Environment, John Karlsson and Johan Greeff Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

FEEDING

3. Embryo lasses were not increased when Merino ewes that had lost weight were supplemented with lupins, C. Viñoles Gil, B.L. Paganoni, K.M.M. Glover, J.T.B. Milton & G.B. Martin, School of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 1, Richard Gunner, Anthony Clarke, Kevin Bell, Hugh Dove, H. M. Burrow, Kevin Goss

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Life beyond the farmgate - the meat perspective, Richard Gunner – Principal:- Richard Gunner’s Fine Meats

2. Do you need to worry about climate change?, Anthony Clark, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University and Bureau of Rural Sciences.

3. Ruminant nutrition panel session - The impact of nutrition on animal health and welfare, Kevin Bell, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdoch University

4. Ruminant nutrition panel session - Pasture/animal interactions, Hugh Dove, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Plant Industry

5. Precision Cattle Breeding for …

Is Knowing Half The Battle? An Examination Of The Relationship Between Folic Acid Knowledge And Awareness And Daily Supplementation With Folic Acid Among 18 To 24 Year Old Women Who Are Not Contemplating Pregnancy, Katie P. Kilker

Public Health Theses

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that affect 3,000 pregnancies in the United States annually. All women of childbearing age are recommended to consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily for the prevention of NTDs. Women aged 18 to 24 years have multiple risk factors for having an NTD-affected pregnancy and should be targeted by efforts to promote folic acid consumption. Survey data capturing folic acid awareness, knowledge, and supplementation behavior of women aged 18 to 24 years who are not contemplating pregnancy were examined to identify the relationship of folic acid awareness and knowledge to daily supplementation …

Obesity And The Built Environment In Twenty-Six Rural Georgia Counties: An Analysis Of Physical Activity, Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, And Environmental Factors., Kathleen Elizabeth Sobush

Public Health Theses

This study assesses environmental factors in the exercise and food environment, demographic factors, physical activity behavior, and fruit and vegetable consumption in 26 rural Georgia counties. The purpose of the study is to identify environmental indicators of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption; to see what agencies in Georgia, if any, are collecting these types of data systematically throughout the state; and, to analyze potential relationships between environmental factors and health behaviors. Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption were derived from the Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005). Demographic data were from the …

Diet, Nutrition, Obesity And Their Role In Arthritis, Peter F. Sharkey, David L. Paskin, Thomas D. Meade, Richard H. Rothman

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Obesity and poor nutrition, individually and together, have created costly musculoskeletal disease epidemic in the United States. Processed food, with abundant "empty" calories, has contributed greatly to our dietary woes. Much of the food consumed today is packed with calories but refined to the point that essential nutrients are lacking. Even worse, processed food may have ingredients added that are detrimental to good health. Abundant research has documented a close relationship between obesity, poor diet and orthopaedic problems. Dietary supplements have been proven to provide both disease prevention and therapeutic benefits. Unfortunately, many weight loss programs and methods are ineffective …

Energy In-Energy Out: A Balanced Equation?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article reports that many athletes are not ingesting an adequate number of calories from their diets. Fat and lean body mass become the sources for fuel for energy and this leads to lack of tissue growth. Exercise physiologists have calculated energy intake and energy expenditure metrics with recommendations.

Why Look At A Food Label?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article presents information on reading food labels to assist athletes in making better food choices. It discusses the six components required to appear on labels by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including product identity, net contents or number of servings per container, and the ingredient list. The key recommendations of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are presented. Daily values as an expression of a food's nutrient content are discussed.

Nutritional Concerns For Ethnically Diverse Athletes, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article discusses the variety of international nutritional guidelines, comparing the food guide pyramid of the United States to similar constructs such as the Chinese food guide pagoda. Athletic therapists are advised to consider culinary differences between cultures when advising ethnically diverse athletes on nutritional issues.

Modelling The Protein And Amino Acid Requirements Of The Greater Rhea (Rhea Americana), James Sales

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Protein and amino acid requirements of the Greater rhea (Rhea americana) have been estimated from growth data available for this species, and assumptions derived with other closely related species. Differences in body weight and growth pattern caused considerable higher protein and amino acid requirements for males compared to females after 3 months of age. Whereas the absolute protein requirement is comparable between males (148 g/day) and females (144.5 g/day) at 50 days of age, 21.8 g/day protein is needed by males at 500 days of age compared to 12.2 g/day for females. Limitations include the lack of knowledge on feed …

Girls' Perception Of Physical Environmental Factors And Transportation: Reliability And Association With Physical Activity And Active Transport To School, Kelly R. Evenson, Amanda Birnbaum, Ariane L. Bedimo-Rung, James Sallis, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Kimberly Ring, John P. Elder

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Preliminary evidence suggests that the physical environment and transportation are associated with youth physical activity levels. Only a few studies have examined the association of physical environmental factors on walking and bicycling to school. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to examine the test-retest reliability of a survey designed for youth to assess perceptions of physical environmental factors (e.g. safety, aesthetics, facilities near the home) and transportation, and (2) to describe the associations of these perceptions with both physical activity and active transport to school.

Methods

Test and retest surveys, administered a median of 12 days later, …

Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Critical illness presents with the classic response to stress, including hypermetabolism and increased catabolism, resulting in a negative energy and nitrogen balance. These harmful events initiate the immunological response, starting with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which, if not resolved, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Furthermore, patients who do not develop early MODS manifest a compensation anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which suppresses immunity and predisposes the patient to sepsis, thereby ­increasing the risk of late MODS and ultimately death. The use of specialized nutrition support, including enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), has been initiated in an …

Energy Balance And Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Jain Meera, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller, Thomas E. Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

While there is evidence that breast cancer risk is positively associated with body mass index (in postmenopausal women) and energy intake and inversely associated with physical activity, few studies have examined breast cancer risk in association with energy balance, the balance between energy intake and expenditure. Therefore, in the cohort study reported here, we studied the independent and combined associations of vigorous physical activity, energy consumption, and body mass index (BMI), with breast cancer risk. The investigation was conducted in 49,613 Canadian women who were participants in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) and who completed self- administered lifestyle and …

An Analysis Of Nutritional Services Available For Persons With Developmental Disabilities, Dawnie Elzinga

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Developmental disabled (DD) individuals are living longer, more normal lives in the United States. There has been an influx of DD individuals living in residential settings instead of the more traditional institutional setting. Consequently, dietetic professionals will encounter persons with DD in every area of practice. Nutrition therapy is becoming more important in the multidisciplinary treatment of DD individuals. Governmental legislation and community programs have improved the treatment and rights of DD persons over the past decade. Even with these advocacy efforts, DD persons are often not receiving the nutritional treatment they need. Common nutritional problems encountered in the DD …

Body Image Among Elementary-Aged Children: Development, Implications, And Interventions, Mindy Beth Probst

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Body image is the mental image or conception that one has of one's body. Its development is effected by an individual's life experiences beginning at birth. Statistics show that close to half of elementary-aged children are already dissatisfied with their bodies and have begun to develop negative body images. Review of the current literature suggests that family, peers, cultural values and the media, and changes in physical appearance related to adiposity rebound and puberty are the major causes of this unfortunate situation. Research is also showing that children are participating in unhealthy diet and exercise practices as a result of …

Motivation And The Dietitian: Dietitians Must Increase Their Efforts To Motivate And Bring About Long-Term Success In Their Clients, Cory Ann Hansen

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Perhaps the most difficult aspect of a dietitian's job is motivating clients to make necessary changes in their lives to benefit their health. Although most people are capable of enduring short-term attempts at healthy living, a lifetime of appropriate dietary habits is difficult for virtually everyone. One of the greatest challenges of long-term success is a lack of motivation. This signifies that it is not skills or knowledge that people lack in general. Therefore, dietitians must focus part of their efforts on motivation rather than simply teaching people what they need to do. Methods that have been found to be …

Cystic Fibrosis And Nutrition Risk, Kristen Rae Stokes

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder with serious pulmonary and nutritional implications. Nutrition status has a direct affect on lung function and longevity. Screening patients for growth velocity makes it possible to identify patients at nutritional risk. This identification is the first step towards appropriate nutritional interventions. The current screening tool used for children and adolescents with CF is not reliable and leaves too much room for clinical judgment. It is for this reason that a new screening tool was developed. Methods: The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation established a panel of experts for the purpose of developing an …

Nutrition In Traumatic Brain Injuries, Jaylene Dalley

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Nutrition intervention and support is a critical part of caring for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. TBI patients have high energy and protein needs, as well as increased needs for some vitamins and minerals. There are a number of ways to assess energy and protein needs for TBI patients including indirect calorimetry, the Harrris-Benedict Equations and the Glasgow Coma Scale Equation. Most TBI patients are either non-responsive (comatose) or develop some form of dysphagia and, therefore, are unable to consume adequate amounts of nutrition via the oral route. Nutrition support through enteral or parenteral routes may improve the medical outcome …

Diet And Nutritional Concerns Of Hispanic Americans, Valerie Rawlinson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Hispanic Americans are the second largest ethnic minority group in the United States today, at 12.5% of the total U.S. population. They face considerable nutrition-related challenges, of which dietitians and other nutrition professionals who serve this population need to be aware. Their diet goes through drastic, rapid changes soon after immigration to the United States, many of which have a strong negative impact on their health, putting them at greater risk for obesity and chronic diseases than the general population. In addition to diet and disease, Hispanic Americans face other issues that hinder their ability to benefit from nutritional counseling, …

Dysphagia And Nutrition In The Elderly, Amanda Panting

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Dysphagia and nutrition in the elderly go hand in hand. As age increases, bodily functions decrease. The loss of function causes an increased susceptibility to swallowing disorders and possible malnutrition. Dysphagia in the elderly increases mortality and morbidity rates (3). This paper discusses causes, symptoms and consequences of dysphagia. Swallow studies and various feeding techniques are examined. Alzheimer's disease, dementia and stroke are diseases that are commonly seen among patients with dysphagia (3, 10). Alternative nutrition via enteral feeding has been shown to increase survival rate (14, 15, 16). The ethics of prolonging death or prolonging life through nutrition support …

B-Complex Vitamins' Role In Energy Release, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

This article reports on the B-Complex Vitamin's role in energy release. The author describes the importance of carbohydrates as a source of energy in physical activity, as well as the ways in which vitamins, minerals, and water work together to impact an athletes performance. Included are the definitions of essential chemicals, the importance of the six basic nutrients, and the role of B-complex vitamins in energy metabolism.

Ayurvedic Concept Of Food And Nutrition, Amala Guha

SoM Articles

Ayurveda places special emphasis on Ahar (diet) and Anna (food) and believes that healthy nutrition nourishes the mind, body and soul. Ayurveda does not discriminate food to be good, or bad, instead it emphasizes various factors that influence food, such as its biological properties, origin, environmental factors, seasons, preparation, freshness, and provides a logical explanation of how to balance food according to one's dosha and physical needs.

Effect Of Refrigerated Storage On Fillet Lipid Quality Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss W.) Fed A Diet Containing Different Levels Of Dl A-Tocopherol Acetate, Mustafa Yildiz, Erdal Şener, Hüseyi̇n Gün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of refrigerated storage at 1 ± 0.3 ºC on vitamin E level, fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation of fillets was studied in 3 groups of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with increasing levels (100, 300 and 500 mg kg^{-1} diet, respectively) of \alpha-tocopherol acetate as antioxidant. Fish (initial mean weight 131 ± 1.0 g) were fed experimental diets for 58 days and reached a mean final weight of 299 ± 6.1 g, with growth differences among the 3 experimental groups being insignificant (P > 0.05). Fillet samples of fish were analyzed fresh (on day 0) or after storage …

Availability Of Childcare Support And Nutritional Status Of Children Of Non-Working And Working Mothers In Urban Nepal, Shinji Nakahara, Krishna C. Poudel, Milan Lopchan, Masao Ichikawa, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Masamine Jimba, Susumu Wakai

Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar

Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Study Using Automated Dietary Assessment In Primary Care, Y. C. Probst

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

An automated dietary assessment website has been developed for patients with metabolic syndrome. Computers have been set up in local GP practices to which the GP may refer their patients. These patients enter their dietary information into the website and receive an individualised dietary prescription put together by a dietitian. This study outlines the profile of patients using the website and their rates of completion of the assessment. Recruited patients were primarily female(66%). Ranging between 22 and 75 years of age patients reported to be overweight(77%), have high cholesterol (53%), elevated blood pressure (54%) and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (35%). …

Dietary Folate, Alcohol Consumption, And Risk Of Ovarian Cancer In An Italian Case-Control Study, Claudio Pelucchi, Monia Mereghetti, Renato Talamini, Eva Negri, Maurizio Montella, Valerio Ramazzotti, Silvia Franceschi, Carlo La Vecchia

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

An increasing number of studies are focusing on the potential association between dietary folate intake and risk of various cancers (1), particularly of the colorectum and breast (2, 3). A low folate status can induce misincorporation of uracil into DNA, leading to chromosome breaks in humans and hence increasing cancer risk (4). Alcohol may increase folate requirements in the body and cause relative folate deficiencies (2). Although several findings on the relation between folate intake and ovarian cancer risk are inconsistent (5-9), recent results from two prospective …

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 1, R. W. Kelly, R. Kingwell, A. R. Bray, Chris Oldham, Graeme Martin, D. Blanche, D. Ferguson, Keith Crocker, Di Evans

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors: Boosting lambing percentages of WA sheep flocks. R.W. Kelly CSIRO Livestock Industries, Floreat WA , R. Kingwell Department of Agriculture WA, Kiwis can fly - 30% higher lambing in 15 years, AR Bray, Meat and Wool New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Rams are not a trivial expense, so what can you do to maximise on your investment? Chri Oldham, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Graeme Martin, University of West Australia. Care for mun - fetal programming, lamb survival and lifetime performance. RW Kelly CSIRO Livestock Industries, Floreat WA Boost lamb survival - …

Australian Consumers Are Sceptical About But Influenced By Claims About Fat On Food Labels, C. Chan, C. Patch, P. G. Williams

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: To explore the beliefs and attitudes of Australian consumers to claims about fat made on the labels of packaged food.

Design: Content analysis of transcripts from focus group discussions.

Subjects: 26 females and 10 males aged 20-80y, recruited by advertisement into six focus groups, stratified by age, sex and health status.

Results: Awareness of claims about fat was high in this sample of Australians and participants admitted that they influenced their purchase decisions. The most preferred form of claim was “X% fat free”. Claims were considered most useful on foods that were high in fat. There was considerable scepticism …

Using Media Messaging To Promote Healthful Eating And Physical Activity Among Urban Youth, B.J Carter, Amanda Birnbaum, Lisa Hark, Brian Vickery, Charles Potter, Michael P. Osborne

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

National trends show consistent increases, as well as racial and ethnic dis- parities, in the prevalence of overweight children and adolescents. Such disparity is evident regarding behaviors such as a poor diet and a lack of physical activity and in the prevalence and outcomes of associated health problems. It has been suggested that grounding interventions in cultural traditions and norms are critical for preventing obesity among ethnic and racial minority youth; however, with some notable exceptions, few community interventions have used this approach. Moreover, urban minority youth may face additional barriers to healthful eating and physical activity behaviors, such as …

Development Of A Novel Nutrition Screening Tool For Use In Elderly South Africans, Karen E. Charlton, Tracy Kolbe-Alexander, Johanna Nel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: To develop a nutrition screening tool for use in older South Africans. Design: A cross-sectional validation study in 283 free-living and institutionalised black South Africans (60+ years). Methods: Trained fieldworkers administered a 24-hour recall and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool, and performed anthropometric measurements and physical function tests. Cognitive function was assessed using a validated version of the Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test. Biochemical indicators assessed included serum albumin, haemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, red-blood-cell folate, cholesterol and vitamin C. The MNA was used as the gold standard against which a novel screening tool was developed using a six-step …