Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Medically Tailored Meals As A Prescription For Treatment Of Food-Insecure Type 2 Diabetics, Leslie J. Rabaut

Aurora Family Medicine Residents

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an immense burden to the health of our population and to our current health care system, and the weight of this burden is only projected to multiply in coming years. A nutritious diet is an indispensable aspect of diabetes treatment, and the lack of access to food engenders poor disease-state control, which correlates with increased health care utilization. Interventions aimed at improving access to food through medically tailored meals (MTMs) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving the health of food-insecure type 2 diabetic patients and reducing health care costs. Further studies are necessary to increase the …

Public Opinion Report Of Nutrition Education And Nutrition-Related Behaviors, Kristen Hicks-Roof, Robert J. Zeglin, Daniel Manson, Corinne A. Labyak

Kristen Hicks-Roof

Objectives: Sources of obtaining credible evidence-based nutrition knowledge appears to be more and more limited as nutrition information becomes widespread. The purpose of this study was to determine sources of nutrition information and corresponding nutrition-related behaviors among Florida residents. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: A telephone survey was conducted using probability sampling with residents of Florida in October 2017.Results: A total of 611 respondents completed the survey from 45 different counties across Florida. A significant relationship was established between age and primary source of obtaining nutrition information. Young, middle age and elderly adults preferred media, registered dietitians and physicians/nurses …

Healthy Lifestyles: How A Community-Based Intervention Is Helping Low-Income Patients Battle Chronic Disease, Gina Baik

Gina Baik

Nutrition Students’ Perception Of The Role Of The Slps In Treating People Living With Hiv/Aids, Stephanie Bare, Natalie Dubin, Haley Hawks, Kathleen Quinn, Brittany Ratliff, Brenda Louw

Brenda Louw

This project explores nutrition students’ perceptions of SLPs' and Nutritionists’ role in healthcare needs of PLWHA through survey research. The results will describe participants’ perceptions of the SLPs' and Nutritionists’ roles in the healthcare needs of PLWHA. Recommendations are made regarding interprofessional training curricula for SLP and Nutrition students.

Fit Into College Ii: Physical Activity And Nutrition Behavior Effectiveness And Programming Recommendations, Kristi M. King, Jiying Ling, S. Lee Ridner, Dean E. Jacks, Karen S. Newton, Robert V. Topp

Kristi King

Purpose: To determine whether residency (living on campus versus off campus) was related to the effects of Fit into College on students’ health behaviors, and to understand interns’ perceptions of their roles in mentoring their trainees. Design: Pre-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design and a posttest focus group interview. Setting: University-offered health and internship courses. Subjects: Twenty-four students (trainees) participated in the intervention, nine of whom lived on campus. Five student-interns served as their mentors. Intervention: Fit into College was a 14-week intervention in which trainees teamed up with an intern to improve and/or maintain healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Measures: …

Evidence For Under-Nutrition In Adolescent Females Using Routine Dieting Practices, Jade Guest, Ayse Bilgin, Robyn Pearce, Surinder Baines, Carol Zeuschner, Corilda Le Rossignol-Grant, Margaret J. Morris, Ross Grant

Robyn Pearce

In Western countries the increasing prevalence of obesity in young people is a major public health concern. While the focus has been on reducing obesity, paradoxically the success of these campaigns may result in unhealthy nutritional practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and impact of weight control techniques on the health of adolescent females. Using Analysis of Variance we compared physiological and biochemical markers of health against responses to a modified, Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) in 482 adolescent females (14-17 yrs) from secondary schools in the northern Sydney and Central Coast regions …

Validity Of A Food Frequency Questionnaire To Assess Nutritional Intake Among Sri Lankan Adults, Ranil Jayawardena, Nuala Byrne, Mario Soares, Prasad Katulanda, Andrew P. Hills

Nuala Byrne

Sri Lanka is undergoing nutritional transition and diet-related chronic diseases are emerging as an important health problem. Currently, no validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) exists to measure habitual dietary intake of Sri Lankan adults. The purpose of the study is to assess the validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ and 7-day weighed-intake dietary records (7DWR), designed to assess dietary intake among Sri Lankan adults. Dietary intake was measured using both a FFQ and 7DWR. The FFQ consisted of 8 food groups containing the main foods comprising the diet of Sri Lankan adults, a total of 85 items and 12 color photographs …

The Measurement And Interpretation Of Dietary Protein Distribution During A Rugby Preseason, Kristen Mackenzie, Gary Slater, Neil King, Nuala Byrne

Nuala Byrne

Evidence suggests that increasing protein distribution may be desirable to promote muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in combination with resistance exercise. However, there is a threshold above which additional protein consumption has limited benefit for MPS and may promote protein loss due to increased oxidation. This study aimed to measure daily protein intake and protein distribution in a cohort of rugby players. Twenty-five developing elite rugby union athletes (20.5 ± 2.3 years, 100.2 ± 13.3 kg, 184.4 ± 7.4 cm) were assessed at the start and end of a rugby preseason. Using a 7-day food diary the reported daily protein intake …

Physician Perspectives On Nutrition Counseling And Nutrition Focused Continuing Medical Education In Texas, Kristen K. Hicks, P. Murano

Kristen Hicks-Roof

Television Watching, Diet Quality, And Physical Activity And Diabetes Among Three Ethnicities In The United States, Fatma G. Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, Joel C. Exebio, Gustavo C. Zarini, Timothy Katz, Zisca Dixon

Joan A. Vaccaro

Diabetes is a world-wide epidemic associated with multiple environmental factors. Prolonged television viewing (TV) time has been related to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in several studies. TV viewing has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, lower energy expenditure, over-eating high-calorie and high-fat foods. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of hours of TV viewing with dietary quality, obesity and physical activity for three ethnic minorities with and without type 2 diabetes. Diet quality and physical activity were inversely related to prolonged TV viewing. African Americans and participants with type 2 …

Maintenance Energy Requirements Of Odor Detection, Explosive Detection And Human Detection Working Dogs, Rebecca A. Mullis, Angela L. Witzel, Joshua Price

Angela L Witzel (Lusby) DVM, PhD, DACVN

Despite their important role in security, little is known about the energy requirements of working dogs such as odor, explosive and human detection dogs. Previous researchers have evaluated the energy requirements of individual canine breeds as well as dogs in exercise roles such as sprint racing. This study is the first to evaluate the energy requirements of working dogs trained in odor, explosive and human detection. This retrospective study evaluated twenty adult dogs who maintained consistent body weights over a six month period. During this time, the average energy consumption was [Formula: see text] or two times the calculated resting …

Health Professionals’ Roles In Animal Agriculture, Climate Change, And Human Health, Aysha Z. Akhtar, Michael Greger, Hope Ferdowsian, Erica Frank

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

What we eat is rapidly becoming an issue of global concern. With food shortages, the rise in chronic disease, and global warming, the impact of our dietary choices seems more relevant today than ever. Globally, a transition is taking place toward greater consumption of foods of animal origin, in lieu of plantbased diets. With this transition comes intensification of animal agriculture that in turn is associated with the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases, environmental degradation, and the epidemics of chronic disease and obesity. Health professionals should be aware of these trends and consider them as they promote healthier and more …

E-Coaching For Weight Loss, Jennifer Warren

Jennifer Warren

Parental Perception Of Healthy Eating And Physical Activity: Results From A Preliminary Photovoice Study, Nicole Mareno

Nicole Mareno

Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Highlights the versatile and nutritious flax plant, now cultivated worldwide.

Examining The Influence Of Farmers' Market Managers’ Perceived Roles On Access To Healthful Foods For Low-Income Households And Business Opportunities For Small- And Moderate-Size Farms, Rachel K. Ward

Rachel K Ward

Farmers’ markets are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for improving access to healthful foods for low-income households, as they are relatively inexpensive to establish and they can provide affordable food for low-income households by offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market mangers provide a critical role in overseeing SNAP/EBT at markets and influencing business opportunities for farmers. Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to evaluate how managers’ motivations influence SNAP/EBT availability and participation at markets, and business opportunities for small- and moderate- sized farms. To develop a …

Oxandrolone In Trauma Patients, Jane M. Gervasio, Roland N. Dickerson, Jessica Swearingen, Mary E.D. Yates, Ceaminia Yuen, Timothy C. Fabian, Martin A. Croce, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

Study Objective To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting. Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. Patients Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. Intervention Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. Measurements and Main Results Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients …

A Comparison Of Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Specialized Nutrition Support, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Justin J. Sherman, Kenneth A. Kudsk, William L. Hickerson, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

To compare phosphorus intake and renal phosphorus regulation between thermally injured patients and multiple trauma patients, 40 consecutive critically ill patients, 20 with thermal injury and 20 with multiple trauma, who required enteral tube feeding were evaluated. Phosphorus intakes were recorded for 14 days from the initiation of tube feeding which was started 1 to 3 days post-injury. Serum for determination of phosphorus concentrations was collected at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the study period. A 24-hour urine collection was obtained during the first and second weeks of nutrition support for urinary phosphorus excretion, fractional excretion of phosphorus, …

Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Critical illness presents with the classic response to stress, including hypermetabolism and increased catabolism, resulting in a negative energy and nitrogen balance. These harmful events initiate the immunological response, starting with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which, if not resolved, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Furthermore, patients who do not develop early MODS manifest a compensation anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which suppresses immunity and predisposes the patient to sepsis, thereby ­increasing the risk of late MODS and ultimately death. The use of specialized nutrition support, including enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), has been initiated in an …

Anabolic Agents: Adjuncts To Nutrition Support, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.

Nutrition Support Therapy In Acute Kidney Injury: Distinguishing Dogma From Good Practice, Jane M. Gervasio, Ann B. Cotton

Jane M. Gervasio

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently observed complication in critically ill patients. Its presentation may range from the early risk of renal dysfunction to complete renal failure. Morbidity and mortality in the AKI patient increase with the decline of renal function. Appropriate nutrition therapy is essential in the medical management of the AKI patient. Assessment of nutritional requirements should take into account the patient’s underlying complication, comorbid medical conditions, and severity of the renal dysfunction. Various stages of AKI determine the direction of nutrition therapy. Additionally, understanding the macro- and micronutrient modifications and electrolyte and vitamin alterations that should …

Nutrition Support In Acute Kidney Injury, Jane M. Gervasio, Wesley P. Garmon, Michael Holowatyj

Jane M. Gervasio

Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication affecting many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often occurs in conjunction with critical illness, which is a hypermetabolic state presenting with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased protein catabolism. In addition to addressing these changes, the clinician should evaluate the important nutrition implications of decreased kidney function. These include vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and the presence and type of renal replacement therapy. Optimal nutrition management in acute kidney injury includes providing adequate macronutrient support to correct underlying conditions and prevent ongoing loss, supplementing micronutrients …

Compounding Vs Standardized Commercial Parenteral Nutrition Product: Pros And Cons, Jane M. Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Standardized commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations have advantages and disadvantages as compared with PN formulations compounded using an automated compounding device. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with the supporting available research.

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington

Jane M. Gervasio

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. …

Health Claims And Food Advertising: Comparison Of Marketing And Nutrition Experts' Ratings Of Magazine Advertisements, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Williams, Linda C. Tapsell, Kelly L. Andrews

Peter Williams

To determine the nature and differences in expert opinion from the fields of nutrition and marketing on the use of health claims in the 30 most frequently appearing Australian magazine food advertisements, a survey was conducted with 28 nutritionists and 21 marketing experts in Australia and New Zealand. The experts assessed the advertisements with respect to the accuracy of the nutrition claims, the tactics and intentions of the advertising strategy and the accessibility of the nutrition information to lay consumers. Of 28 advertisements where a claim was identified, for only one did more than 90% believe the claim to be …

Nutrition Status Of Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Peter G. Williams, Frank P. Deane

Peter Williams

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition status of people referred to a nutrition and physical activity program for the management of mental health in a general practice.

The Myths Of "Bad" Foods, Brendan J. Rickert

Brendan J. Rickert

No abstract provided.

Health Claims And Food Advertising: Comparison Of Marketing And Nutrition Experts' Ratings Of Magazine Advertisements, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Williams, Linda C. Tapsell, Kelly L. Andrews

Sandra Jones

To determine the nature and differences in expert opinion from the fields of nutrition and marketing on the use of health claims in the 30 most frequently appearing Australian magazine food advertisements, a survey was conducted with 28 nutritionists and 21 marketing experts in Australia and New Zealand. The experts assessed the advertisements with respect to the accuracy of the nutrition claims, the tactics and intentions of the advertising strategy and the accessibility of the nutrition information to lay consumers. Of 28 advertisements where a claim was identified, for only one did more than 90% believe the claim to be …

Healthy Eating And Physical Activity Challenges And Opportunities In After-School Programs: Providers’ Perspectives, Heather Thomas, L. Fellner, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin

Trish Tucker

The purpose of this study was to understand after-school program providers’ perspectives of (a) current physical activity and nutrition curriculum, practices, and challenges, and (b) necessary modifications, program suggestions or resource needs to improve the healthy eating and active living practices within their after-school program for children aged 6 to 12 years. This qualitative study targeted a sample of nine after-school program providers in London, Ontario. Data was collected via in-depth interviews and a demographic survey between January and April 2009. Strategies to enhance data trustworthiness were incorporated throughout. After-school program providers identified insufficient healthy eating curriculum and requested interactive, …

Poor Knowledge And Practices Related To Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation In Australian Women: Pre-And Post-Iodine Fortification, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Catherine Lucas, Samantha Axford, Luke Gemming, Fiona Houweling, Alison Goodfellow, Gary Ma

Karen E. Charlton

A before-after review was undertaken to assess whether knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition, supplementation and fortification has improved in Australian women since the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification in 2009. Surveys of pregnant (n = 139) and non-pregnant (n = 75) women in 2007-2008 are compared with surveys of pregnant (n = 147) and lactating women (n = 60) one to two years post-fortification in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and dietary intake of iodine was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A generally poor knowledge about the role …