Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Factors Influencing Nurse Sedation Practices With Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A U.S. National Survey, Jill L. Guttormson, Linda L. Chlan, Craig R. Weinert, Kay Savik

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

Mechanically ventilated patients commonly receive sedative medications. There is increasing evidence that sedative medications impact on patient outcomes. Nursing behaviour is a key determinant of sedation administration. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence nurse sedation administration to mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods

The Nurse Sedation Practices Scale was mailed to a random sample of 1250 members of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses.

Results

A response rate of 39% was obtained. Respondents were primarily staff nurses (73%) with a bachelor's degree in nursing (59%) from various intensive care unit (ICU) settings. We limited the …

Drug-Induced Plasticity Contributing To Heightened Relapse Susceptibility: Neurochemical Changes And Augmented Reinstatement In High-Intake Rats, Aric Madayag, Kristen S. Kau, Doug Lobner, John R. Mantsch, Samantha Wisniewski, David A. Baker

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

A key in understanding the neurobiology of addiction and developing effective pharmacotherapies is revealing drug-induced plasticity that results in heightened relapse susceptibility. Previous studies have demonstrated that increased extracellular glutamate, but not dopamine, in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is necessary for cocaine-induced reinstatement. In this report, we examined whether drug-induced adaptations that are necessary to generate cocaine-induced reinstatement also determine relapse vulnerability. To do this, rats were assigned to self-administer cocaine under conditions resulting in low (2 h/d; 0.5 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) or high (6 h/d; 1.0 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) levels of drug intake since these manipulations produce groups of rats …

Treatment Of Gingival Recession, Moawia M. Kassab, Hala Badawi, Andrew R. Dentino

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Gingival recession is an intriguing and complex phenomenon. Recession frequently disturbs patients because of sensitivity and esthetics. Many surgical techniques have been introduced to treat gingival recession, including those involving autogenous tissue grafting, various flap designs, orthodontics, and guided tissue regeneration (GTR). This article describes different clinical approaches to treat gingival recession with emphasis on techniques that show promising results and root coverage.

Maximizing Beneficence And Autonomy: Ethical Support For The Use Of Non-Pharmacological Methods For Managing Dental Anxiety, Evelyn Donate-Bartfield, Ryan Spellecy, Nicolas J. Shane

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This article examines advantages associated with nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques and suggests that there are benefits to their use (such as achieving a more lasting solution to the problem of dental anxiety) that are not realized with medication-based interventions. Analyses that use Kantian and existential viewpoints for exploring the use of medication versus behavioral interventions for managing life problems yield parallel conclusions: there are advantages gained by using behavioral interventions that are not always associated with medication-based interventions. These analyses, taken together with an understanding of the psychology of dental anxiety management, suggest that using nonpharmacological techniques for the management …

The Quantification Of Tooth Displacement, Thomas W. Radmer, L Thomas Johnson, Mingan Yang, Thomas Wirtz

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

By using reference points from a single pixel marker placed at the center point of the cuspid teeth and the center point on each of the incisor teeth, a polynomial curve was generated as a native curve for each dental arch studied. The polynomial curve generated from actual tooth position in each arch provides the forensic odontologist with another reference point that is quantifiable. The study represents that individual characteristics, such as tooth displacement, can be quantified in a simple, reliable, and repeatable format.

Moving Teeth Faster, Better And Painless. Is It Possible?, Jose A. Bosio, Dawei Liu

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Survival Rates Of Short-Span Implant-Supported Cantilever Fixed Dental Prostheses, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Data sources

Publications were sought using Medline, and searches were made by hand of the journals Clinical Oral Implants Research, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Clinical Periodontology and the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, along with reference lists of identified articles.

Study selection

Titles and abstracts were initially screened by two independent reviewers to identify prospective or retrospective longitudinal cohort studies or controlled studies reporting on implant supported cantilever fixed dental prostheses (ICFDP) with a mean followup period of at least 5 years. A clinical examination had to be performed …

Effect Of Photobiomodulation On Vinblastine-Poisoned Murine Hers Cells, Brian D. Hodgson, B. Pyszka, Michele M. Henry, E. Buchmann, Harry T. Whelan

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation on the proliferation and glutathione levels in murine Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells after poisoning with vinblastine. Background: Photobiomodulation has been shown to improve wound healing in a number of animal models. There have been no studies on the effect of photobiomodulation on cancer-related chemotherapy injury to the cells that initiate tooth root growth. Materials and Methods: Control groups consisted of murine HERS cells without vinblastine (VB−) and cells with vinblastine at 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL (VB10, VB20, and VB30). Experimental groups consisted …

Response To Task-Specific Sex Differences In Muscle Fatigue: Is There A Common Underlying Cause?, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Kinetic Analysis Of Lower Body Resistance Training Exercises, Mckenzie L. Fauth, Luke Garceau, Brittney Lutsch, Aaron Gray, Chris Szalkowski, Brad Wurm, William Ebben

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

This study evaluated and compared the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and rate of force development (RFD) for the eccentric and concentric phases of 4 lower body resistance training exercises, including the back squat, deadlift, step-up, and forward lunge. Sixteen women performed 2 repetitions of each of the 4 exercises at a 6 repetition maximum load. Kinetic data were acquired using a force platform. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences in GRF between the exercises. Results revealed significant main effects for GRF both the eccentric (p ≤ 0.001) and concentric (p ≤ 0.001) …

Neighborhood Factors Relevant For Walking In Older, Urban, African American Adults, N. A. Gallagher, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, Jennifer C. Robinson, Elisa R. Torres, Susan L. Murphy, Kristy K. Martyn

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Focus-group and photo-voice methodology were used to identify the salient factors of the neighborhood environment that encourage or discourage walking in older, urban African Americans. Twenty-one male (n = 2) and female (n = 19) African Americans age 60 years and older (M = 70 ± 8.7, range = 61–85) were recruited from a large urban senior center. Photographs taken by the participants were used to facilitate focus-group discussions. The most salient factors that emerged included the presence of other people, neighborhood surroundings, and safety from crime, followed by sidewalk and traffic conditions, animals, public walking tracks …

Physical Activity Effects On Depressive Symptoms In Black Adults, Jessica D. Richardson, Sarah Grace Dalton, Elisa R. Torres, Carolyn M. Sampselle, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, David L. Ronis, Harold W. Neighbors

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

Randomized trials found physical activity (PA) effective in decreasing depressive symptoms. Few studies included Black participants. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine the effects of PA on depressive symptoms in Black adults.

Methods

Articles were abstracted by conducting a computer and hand search of eligible studies.

Results

Eight of 13 studies found a significant inverse relationship between PA and depressive symptoms in Black adults. Sources for the heterogeneity were explored.

Conclusion

Future studies should include representative samples of Black adults, incorporate a theory which considers multiple levels of influence, account for genetic factors in the …

Current Medical Research: Summer–Fall 2009, Richard Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Risk Management In Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring: Accidental Recording Of The Maternal Heart Rate, Lisa Hanson

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Pulp Polyp Associated With A Natal Tooth: Case Report, Brian D. Hodgson, Rodney Vergotine, Lance Lambert

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Natal teeth are an infrequent occurrence at birth. Often these teeth are extracted because they are very mobile and pose a risk of aspiration. This is a rare case in which a natal tooth was extracted by the pediatrician with his fingers. A root fragment remained and out of this developed a large pulp polyp. This relationship has not been previously reported.

The Roles Of Physical Therapists In Wound Management: Part Iv, Luther C. Kloth

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Physical therapists are important members of the comprehensive wound management team. In addition to being able to provide standard wound care, they are well prepared to treat wounds with a variety of biophysical agents that introduce electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical energies that enhance healing. Physical therapists also address restoration of function that is frequently compromised in patients who suffer from chronically and acutely wounded tissues.

Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia In Healthy And Medically Compromised/Developmentally Disabled Children: A Comparative Study, Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez, Veronica Zavala-Alonso, Cinthya L. Gonzalez-Alvarez, Lilia A. Juarez-Lopez, Nuria Patiño-Marin, Cesar D. Gonzalez

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Aim: To compare the type, number of procedures and working time of dental treatment provided under dental general anesthesia (DGA) in healthy and medically compromised/developmentally disabled children (MCDD children). Design: This cross-sectional prospective study involved 80 children divided into two groups of 40 children each. Group 1 consisted of healthy and Group 2 consisted of MCDD children. Results: Healthy children needed more working time than MCDD children, the means being 161±7.9 and 84±5.7 minutes, respectively (P= 0.0001). Operative dentistry and endodontic treatments showed a significant statistical difference (P= 0.0001). The means of procedures were 17±5.0 for healthy children and 11±4.8 …

The Professional Portfolio: An Evidence-Based Assessment Method, Michelle Byrne, Kathryn Schroeter, Shannon Carter, Julie Mower

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Competency assessment is critical for a myriad of disciplines, including medicine, law, education, and nursing. Many nurse managers and educators are responsible for nursing competency assessment, and assessment results are often used for annual reviews, promotions, and satisfying accrediting agencies' requirements. Credentialing bodies continually seek methods to measure and document the continuing competence of licensees or certificants. Many methods and frameworks for continued competency assessment exist. The portfolio process is one method to validate personal and professional accomplishments in an interactive, multidimensional manner. This article illustrates how portfolios can be used to assess competence. One specialty nursing certification board's process …

Effects On Resilience Of Women Family Caregivers Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness: The Role Of Positive Cognitions, Jaclene A. Zauszniewski, Abir K. Bekhet, M. Jane Suresky

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

This study examined the effects of risk and protective factors on resilience in 60 women family members of adults with serious mental illness. Both the risk factors constituting caregiver burden (strain, stigma, client dependence, and family disruption) and protective factors, including eight positive cognitions were found to predict two indicators of resilience: resourcefulness and sense of coherence. The effects of caregiver burden on resourcefulness and sense of coherence were mediated by positive cognitions, lending support to resilience theory and suggesting the need to develop interventions to encourage positive thinking among women caregivers of adults with mental illness.

Μ-Opioid Receptor Agonist Injections Into The Presumed Pre-Bötzinger Complex And The Surrounding Region Of Awake Goats Do Not Alter Eupneic Breathing, K. L. Krause, Suzanne E. Neumueller, B. D. Marshall, T. Kiner, Joshua M. Bonis, Lawrence Pan, B. Qian, Hubert V. Forster

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Opioids are clinically important in the alleviation of pain. An undesirable side effect of opioids is depression of breathing. Data from isolated preparations suggest this effect is due to attenuation of discharge activity of neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötzC), a medullary area with respiratory rhythmogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to examine how [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a μ-opioid receptor agonist, affected breathing after injection into the presumed preBötzC of the adult awake goat. We hypothesized that DAMGO would cause breathing to decrease and become irregular when injected into the presumed preBötzC and the surrounding region of the conscious …

Quantification Of The Individual Characteristics Of The Human Dentition, L Thomas Johnson, Thomas W. Radmer, Thomas S. Wirtz, Nicholas M. Pajewski, David E. Cadle, James Brozek, Daniel D. Blinka

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The considerations for admissibility suggested by the Daubert trilogy challenge forensic experts to provide scientific support for opinion testimony. The defense bar has questioned the reliability of bitemark analysis. Under an award from the U. S. Department of Justice, via the Midwest Forensic Resource Center, a two-year feasibility study was undertaken to quantify six dental characteristics. Using two computer programs, the exemplars of 419 volunteers were digitally scanned, characteristics were measured, and frequency was calculated. The study demonstrates that there were outliers or rare dental characteristics in measurements. An analysis of the intra-observer and inter-observer consistency demonstrated a high degree …

Teaching Casual Random Blood Glucose Screening To Second-Year Dental Students, Thomas W. Radmer, Moawi M. Kassab, Denis P. Lynch, Martin Walsh

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

In our project, archived casual random blood glucose levels of second-year dental students who were taught the mechanics of self-testing were retrieved. Material data were analyzed by calculating means, medians, standard deviations, and ranges for 161 dental students screened by this casual and random self-monitoring of blood glucose levels as described by the American Diabetes Association’s 2008 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Three types of data were assessed in this study. The first was the casual blood glucose levels of second-year dental students. The second was the data retrieved from student questionnaires regarding the value of teaching casual random …

How To Select The Correct Education Strategy: When Not To Go Online, Carol Klingbeil, Norah L. Johnson, Joan P. Totka, Lynn Doyle

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Screening for intimate partner violence is an important injury prevention strategy. Nurses who develop staff education, to promote screening, need to select a method that is sensitive to learners. Online learning, although convenient, is not well suited to sensitive topics such as screening for intimate partner violence. The purpose of this article is to describe a curriculum for intimate partner violence screening based on self-efficacy theory, which includes a hospital-produced video, a role play, and a discussion.

Differential Actions Of Ethanol And Trichloroethanol At Sites In The M3 And M4 Domains Of The Nmda Receptor Glun2a (Nr2a) Subunit, Ak Salous, H Ren, Ka Lamb, Xiang-Qun Hu, Rh Lipsky, Robert W. Peoples

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Background and purpose:  Alcohol produces its behavioural effects in part due to inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CNS. Previous studies have identified amino acid residues in membrane-associated domains 3 (M3) and 4 (M4) of the NMDA receptor that influence ethanol sensitivity. In addition, in other alcohol-sensitive ion channels, sedative-hypnotic agents have in some cases been shown to act at sites distinct from the sites of ethanol action. In this study, we compared the influence of mutations at these sites on sensitivity to ethanol and trichloroethanol, a sedative-hypnotic agent that is a structural analogue of ethanol.

Experimental approach: …

Current Medical Research Winter 2008–Spring 2009, Richard Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Note that the “Current Medical Research” feature focuses on issues relevant to natural family planning and the beginning of life. This piece is complemented by medical reviews published in The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, which focus more on other areas of general medical interest including end-of-life issues.—Ed.

A Critical Appraisal Of Guidelines For Antenatal Care: Components Of Care And Priorities In Prenatal Education, Lisa Hanson, Leona Vandevusse, Joyce Roberts, Amanda Forristal

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

There are a variety of published prenatal care (PNC) guidelines that claim a scientific basis for the information included. Four sets of PNC guidelines published between 2005 and 2009 were examined and critiqued. The recommendations for assessment procedures, laboratory testing, and education/counseling topics were analyzed within and between these guidelines. The PNC components were synthesized to provide an organized, comprehensive appendix that can guide providers of antepartum care. The appendix may be used to locate which guidelines addressed which topics to assist practitioners to identify evidence sources. The suggested timing for introducing and reinforcing specific topics is also presented in …

Primary Language Spoken At Home And Children's Dental Service Utilization In The United States, Matthew Noyce, Aniko Szabo, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Scott Jackson, T. Gerard Bradley, Christopher Okunseri

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: Language barriers have been well documented as a contributing factor to disparities in the receipt of medical services, especially for Hispanic children. However, there is a paucity of information on the effect of language barriers on children's dental service utilization. We examined the association of primary language spoken at home with the receipt of preventive and routine dental care for children in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2002-2004), which contains data on 21,049 children weighted to represent 75.8 million children nationally. Results: Among children aged 1-18 years, 13 percent spoke a …

Observation Of Amounts Of Movement Practice Provided During Stroke Rehabilitation, Catherine E. Lang, Jillian R. Macdonald, Darcy S. Reisman, Lara Boyd, Teresa Jacobson Kimberley, Sheila M. Schindler-Ivens, T. George Hornby, Sandy A. Ross, Patricia L. Scheets

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To investigate how much movement practice occurred during stroke rehabilitation, and what factors might influence doses of practice provided.

Design

Observational survey of stroke therapy sessions.

Setting

Seven inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation sites.

Participants

We observed a convenience sample of 312 physical and occupational therapy sessions for people with stroke.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

We recorded numbers of repetitions in specific movement categories and data on potential modifying factors (patient age, side affected, time since stroke, FIM item scores, years of therapist experience). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize amounts of practice. Correlation and regression analyses were …

Teaching Excellence: What Great Teachers Teach Us, Barbara Johnson-Farmer, Marilyn Frenn

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Given the shortage of nurse educators, we sought to better understand teaching excellence because it is crucial for developing the next generation of nurses. A grounded theory approach was used. The sample included 17 respondents, thought to be excellent teachers, from universities across the United States. Consenting respondents were asked, “What do you do to bring nursing to life with your students?” Using line-by-line coding and the constant comparative method, five major themes emerged: (a) engagement, (b) relevance, (c) student centeredness, (d) facilitation of learning, and (e) dynamic process of becoming an excellent nursing educator. We found that the core …

Risk Management & Patient Safety: Focus On The Patient And The Rest Falls Into Place, Kathryn Rapala, Kathryn Leonhardt

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

It is difficult, if not impossible, to define and separate risk management and patient safety roles. Both track and mitigate patient care error and improve processes with the goal of improving patient outcomes. At Aurora Health Care, risk management and patient safety are intertwined throughout the system. In the course of clarifying function, we have attempted to delineate risk management from patient safety, only to conclude that it is difficult to identify where one ends and the other begins. The structure and process that we are developing at Aurora Health Care offer advantages as well as challenges, but the organizational …