Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impaired Hyperemic Response To Exercise Post Stroke, Matthew J. Durand, Spencer A. Murphy, Kathleen K. Schaefer, Sandra K. Hunter, Brian D. Schmit, David D. Gutterman, Allison Hyngstrom

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Individuals with chronic stroke have reduced perfusion of the paretic lower limb at rest; however, the hyperemic response to graded muscle contractions in this patient population has not been examined. This study quantified blood flow to the paretic and non-paretic lower limbs of subjects with chronic stroke after submaximal contractions of the knee extensor muscles and correlated those measures with limb function and activity. Ten subjects with chronic stroke and ten controls had blood flow through the superficial femoral artery quantified with ultrasonography before and immediately after 10 second contractions of the knee extensor muscles at 20, 40, 60, and …

Transdermal Delivery Of Functional Collagen Via Polyvinylpyrrolidone Microneedles, Wenchao Sun, Mohammed Inayathullah, Martin A. C. Manoukian, Andrey V. Malkovskiy, Sathish Manickam, M. Peter Marinkovich, Alfred T. Lane, Lobat Tayebi, Alexander M. Seifalian, Jayakumar Rajadas

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Collagen makes up a large proportion of the human body, particularly the skin. As the body ages, collagen content decreases, resulting in wrinkled skin and decreased wound healing capabilities. This paper presents a method of delivering type I collagen into porcine and human skin utilizing a polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedle delivery system. The microneedle patches were made with concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 8% type I collagen (w/w). Microneedle structures and the distribution of collagen were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Patches were then applied on the porcine and human skin, and their effectiveness was examined using fluorescence …

Ibuprofen Ameliorates Fatigue- And Depressive-Like Behavior In Tumor-Bearing Mice, Diana M. Norden, Donna O. Mccarthy, Sabahattin Bicer, Raymond Devine, Peter J. Reiser, Jonathan P. Godbout, Loren E. Wold

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Aims: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is often accompanied by depressed mood, both of which reduce functional status and quality of life. Research suggests that increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with skeletal muscle wasting and depressive- and fatigue-like behaviors in rodents and cancer patients. We have previously shown that treatment with ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, preserved muscle mass in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the behavioral effects of ibuprofen in a mouse model of CRF.

Main methods: Mice were injected with colon-26 adenocarcinoma cells and treated with ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) in the …

The Association Of Dorsiflexion Flexibility On Knee Kinematics And Kinetics During A Drop Vertical Jump In Healthy Female Athletes, Philip Malloy, Alexander Morgan, Carolyn M. Meinerz, Christopher Geiser, Kristof Kipp

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

While previous studies have examined the association between ankle dorsiflexion flexibility and deleterious landing postures, it is not currently known how landing kinetics are influenced by ankle dorsiflexion flexibility. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ankle dorsiflexion flexibility was associated with landing kinematics and kinetics that have been shown to increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes.

Methods

Twenty-three female collegiate soccer players participated in a preseason screening that included the assessment of ankle dorsiflexion flexibility and lower-body kinematics and kinetics during a drop vertical jump task.

Results

The results demonstrated …

A Model For Hospital Discharge Preparation: From Case Management To Care Transition, Marianne E. Weiss, Kathleen Bobay, Sarah J. Bahr, Linda L. Costa, Ronda G. Hughes, Diane E. Holland

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

There has been a proliferation of initiatives to improve discharge processes and outcomes for the transition from hospital to home and community-based care. Operationalization of these processes has varied widely as hospitals have customized discharge care into innovative roles and functions. This article presents a model for conceptualizing the components of hospital discharge preparation to ensure attention to the full range of processes needed for a comprehensive strategy for hospital discharge.

Biomaterial Properties Of Titanium In Dentistry, Soni Prasad, Mark Ehrensberger, Monica Prasad Gibson, Hyeongil Kim, Edward A. Monaco, Jr.

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Among various dental materials and their successful restorative uses, titanium provides an excellent example of integrating science and technology involving multiple disciplines of dentistry including biomaterials, prosthodontics and surgical sciences. Titanium and its alloys have emerged as a material of choice for dental implants fulfilling all requirements biologically, chemically and mechanically. Several excellent reviews have discussed the properties of titanium and its surface characteristics that render it biocompatible. However, in most patients, titanium implants are used alongside several other metals. Presence of different metals in the same oral environment can alter the properties of titanium. Other influencing factors include …

Condylar Hyperplasia: An Updated Review Of The Literature, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Joseph Zacharias, Sean Pierce

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a rare disorder characterized by excessive bone growth that almost always presents unilaterally, resulting in facial asymmetry. Classification of the different types of CH can differ depending on the authors. Correct diagnosis is critical in determining the proper treatments and timing. This paper is a review of the recent literature on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, classification, and surgical treatments of CH.

Pain Response After Maximal Aerobic Exercise In Adolescents Across Weight Status, Stacy Stolzman, Michael E. Danduran, Sandra K. Hunter, Marie K. Hoeger Bement

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction

Pain reports are greater with increasing weight status, and exercise can reduce pain perception. It is unknown, however, whether exercise can relieve pain in adolescents of varying weight status. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents across weight status report pain relief after high-intensity aerobic exercise (exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH)).

Methods

Sixty-two adolescents (15.1 ± 1.8 yr, 29 males) participated in the following three sessions: 1) pressure pain thresholds (PPT) before and after quiet rest, clinical pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), and physical activity levels (self-report and ActiSleep Plus Monitors) were measured, 2) PPT were measured with a …

Increasing Autism Awareness In Inner-City Churches: A Brief Report, Norah L. Johnson, Amy V. Van Hecke

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Autism diagnosis rates trail significantly in the African American community. This pre-test post-test pilot study evaluated an African American inner-city church health ambassadors (HAs) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) awareness training session. The participants included 12 HAs who attended the 1 hour training session organized by the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. Results of surveys showed higher mean scores post training for (1) HA attitudes about the potential for children to improve with applied behavior analysis therapy; (2) HA self-efficacy for having information about ASD screening materials; (3) strategies HAs could use to help parents/caregivers of children with developmental delays and …

Readiness For Hospital Discharge Scale For Older People: Psychometric Testing And Short Form Development With A Three Country Sample, Cédric Mabire, Alice Coffey, Marianne E. Weiss

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Aim

To develop and psychometrically test Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for older people and to reduce the scale to a more practical short form.

Background

The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale is the only available and validated scale measuring patients' perceived readiness just prior to discharge.

Design

Secondary analysis of hospital studies data from three countries.

Method

Data were collected between 2008–2012. The study sample comprised 998 medical-surgical older patients. Factor analysis was undertaken to identify the factor structure of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Group comparisons for construct validity and predictive validity for readmission were also conducted. …

The Relationship Of Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels And Urine Cortisol In Women With Chronic Abdominal Pain, Theresa Hardy, Donna O. Mccarthy, Nicolaas Fourie, Wendy Henderson

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Context: Persistent and intense stress leads to chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, placing an individual at increased risk for the development of disease. HPA activity inhibits ovarian functioning, and may contribute to female infertility.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the association of HPA activity with ovarian functioning in female participants with and without chronic abdominal pain (CAP).

Design/setting/and subjects: A secondary data analysis was performed using data from female participants in a natural history protocol at the National Institutes of Health. A total of 36 females (19–39 years, mean 27.11) were included in the …

Dental Service Utilization And Neighborhood Characteristics In Young Adults In The United States: A Multilevel Approach, Christopher Okunseri, Raul I. Garcia, Elaye Okunseri, Alexis D. Visotcky, Aniko Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To investigate the association between neighborhood level factors and dental visits in young adults in the United States after adjusting for individual level factors.

Methods: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Wave 1 (1994-1995) to Wave III (2001-2002) was analyzed. The primary outcome of having had at least one dental visit in the previous 12 months was analyzed via a multilevel random-effects logistic model accounting for geographic clustering in Wave III and survey design clustering from Wave I. Neighborhood level covariates were defined at the census tract level.

Results: Overall rate of dental visits was 57 percent, highest …

Imaging Of The Jaws, Lisa J. Koenig

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Media In The Dental School Environment, Part B: Curricular Considerations, Heiko Spallek, Sharon P. Turner, Evelyn Donate-Bartfield, David Chambers, Maureen Mcandrew, Pamela Zarkowski, Nadeem Karimbux

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The goal of this article is to describe the broad curricular constructs surrounding teaching and learning about social media in dental education. This analysis takes into account timing, development, and assessment of the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors needed to effectively use social media tools as a contemporary dentist. Three developmental stages in a student’s path to becoming a competent professional are described: from undergraduate to dental student, from the classroom and preclinical simulation laboratory to the clinical setting, and from dental student to licensed practitioner. Considerations for developing the dental curriculum and suggestions for effective instruction at each stage …

Labial Reduction Guide For Laminate Veneer Preparation, Seok-Hwan Cho, William W. Nagy

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This article describes a method of fabricating a labial reduction guide for laminate veneer preparations by using a digital tire tread depth gauge and orthodontic wire. The labial reduction guide can help clinicians to achieve accurate reduction of the labial surface. Minimally invasive porcelain laminate veneers have become a popular option in esthetic dentistry. Porcelain laminate veneers require only 25% to 50% of the amount of tooth reduction required for complete coverage restorations.Nevertheless, adequate labial reduction is important in creating optimal esthetics. However, excessive reduction can lead to compromised bond strength due to penetration of the enamel surface. Typically, the …

Lpcoms: Towards A Low Power Wireless Smart-Shoe System For Gait Analysis In People With Disabilities, Ishmat Zerin

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Gait analysis using smart sensor technology is an important medical diagnostic process and has many applications in rehabilitation, therapy and exercise training. In this thesis, we present a low power wireless smart-shoe system (LPcomS) to analyze different functional postures and characteristics of gait while walking. We have designed and implemented a smart-shoe with a Bluetooth communication module to unobtrusively collect data using smartphone in any environment. With the design of a shoe insole equipped with four pressure sensors, the foot pressure is been collected, and those data are used to obtain accurate gait pattern of a patient. With our proposed …

Integrating Meal And Exercise Into Personalized Glucoregulation Models: Metabolic Dynamics And Diabetic Athletes, Sofie Schunk

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Diabetes affects nearly 26 million Americans, according to the American Diabetes Association, with as many as three million Americans who have Type 1 Diabetes (ADA, 2015). Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is autoimmune and characterized by little to no insulin production whereas Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) concerns insulin resistance and inability to use produced insulin. Factors contributing to current diabetes management and regulation include exercise type, daily movement activities, and distinct tissue compartment metabolism, each challenging to model in a robust and comprehensive manner. Past models are highly limited in regard to exercise and varying glucose fluctuations dependent on type, intensity, …

Children’S Oral Health Assessment, Prevention, And Treatment, Christopher Okunseri, Cesar Gonzalez, Brian D. Hodgson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Media In The Dental School Environment, Part A: Benefits, Challenges, And Recommendations For Use, Heiko Spallek, Sharon P. Turner, Evelyn Donate-Bartfield, David Chambers, Maureen Mcandrew, Pamela Zarkowski, Nadeem Karimbux

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Social media consist of powerful tools that impact not only communication but relationships among people, thus posing an inherent challenge to the traditional standards of who we are as dental educators and what we can expect of each other. This article examines how the world of social media has changed dental education. Its goal is to outline the complex issues that social media use presents for academic dental institutions and to examine these issues from personal, professional, and legal perspectives. After providing an update on social media, the article considers the advantages and risks associated with the use of social …

The Relationship Of Spasticity And Impairments In Force Regulation And Neuromuscular Fatigue Post Stroke, Reivian Berrios Barillas

Dissertations (1934 -)

Hyperreflexia that causes muscle spasticity may contribute to limitations in force regulation and walking ability post stroke. Additionally, neuromuscular fatigue may reduce force regulation, which is important because fatigue can assist to strengthen muscles that control walking. Hyperreflexia may be caused by cortical disinhibition that allows Ia afferents to amplify excitatory synaptic inputs to motoneuron pools. Cortical disinhibition is presumably caused by stroke-related motor cortex damage. Although, other excitatory synaptic sources to motoneurons contribute to motor control, hyperreflexia may be one contributor that affects stroke survivors. However, hyperreflexia is reported infrequently to effect force regulation post stroke. The goal was …

A Neurobiological Pathway That Mediates Stress-Induced Drug Use, Oliver Vranjkovic

Dissertations (1934 -)

Cocaine addiction represents a tremendous health and financial burden on our society and the high rate of relapse to cocaine use in abstinent addicts represents a major barrier to effective therapy. Thus, understanding the factors that contribute to relapse and the underlying neurobiological processes is important for guiding the development of treatment for addiction. Stressful life events often trigger drug use in recovering addicts. The contribution of stress to drug use is problematic due to the unpredictable and often uncontrollable nature of stress. A growing literature indicates that norepinephrine and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the brain play key roles …

Effects Of Spiritual Care Education On Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Competence, Cheryl Lynn Petersen

Dissertations (1934 -)

Holistic nursing care embraces the physical, psychological, and spiritual needs of the patient and family, thereby providing support and reducing suffering. Nurses’ spiritual care can improve the well-being and quality of life of children with cancer by assisting them to find meaning in their lives. At the end of life, spiritual care assists children in coping with their diagnosis, suffering, and losses. There are distinct deficiencies in education that lead nurses to feel unprepared to provide spiritual care to children. This study employed a prospective, longitudinal design to evaluate the potential effects of an online spiritual care educational program on …

Conducting Research With Community Groups, Mary Molewyk Doornbos, Adejoke Ayoola, Gail Landheer Zandee, Robert V. Topp

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Nurse scientists are increasingly recognizing the necessity of conducting research with community groups to effectively address complex health problems and successfully translate scientific advancements into the community. While several barriers to conducting research with community groups exist, community based participatory research (CBPR) has the potential to mitigate these barriers. CBPR has been employed in programs of research that respond in culturally sensitive ways to identify community needs and thereby address current health disparities. This manuscript presents case studies that demonstrate how CBPR principles guided the development of: (a) a healthy body weight program for urban, underserved African-American women, (b) a …

Resourcefulness In African American And Caucasian American Caregivers Of Persons With Dementia: Associations With Perceived Burden, Depression, Anxiety, Positive Cognitions, And Psychological Well-Being, Abir K. Bekhet

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

Providing care to persons with dementia can have negative effects on caregivers' physical and psychological well-being. This secondary analysis explored relationships among perceived burden, depression, anxiety, resourcefulness, and psychological well-being in 28 African American (AA) and 45 Caucasian American (CA) caregivers of persons with dementia.

Design and Methods

Descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to examine the hypothesized relationships in a sample of 73 caregivers.

Findings

CAs reported greater burden (t = −3.68, p < .001), more anxiety (t = −2.66, p < .01), depression (t = −2.21, p < .05), and hostility (t = −2.30, p < .05) than AAs. AAs reported higher scores than CAs on resourcefulness, positive cognitions, and psychological well-being.

Practice Implications

The study findings provided directions for the development of resourcefulness interventions …

Bidirectional Psychoneuroimmune Interactions In The Early Postpartum Period Influence Risk Of Postpartum Depression, Elizabeth J. Corwin, Kathleen Pajer, Sudeshna Paul, Nancy Lowe, Mary Weber, Donna O. Mccarthy

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

More than 500,000 U.S. women develop postpartum depression (PPD) annually. Although psychosocial risks are known, the underlying biology remains unclear. Dysregulation of the immune inflammatory response and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis are associated with depression in other populations. While significant research on the contribution of these systems to the development of PPD has been conducted, results have been inconclusive. This is partly because few studies have focused on whether disruption in the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the inflammatory response and the HPA axis together influence PPD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that disruption in the inflammatory-HPA axis …

Managing Delirium In Hospitalized Older Adults, Margaret J. Bull

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Consequences of delirium for older adults may include increased mortality, functional decline, nursing home placement, and decreased quality of life. Longer duration of delirium is linked to poorer health outcomes among older adults, underscoring the need for early detection and intervention.

Delirium also exacts a high economic price. Estimated annual U.S. healthcare expenditures range from $143 to $152 billion, with increased hospital stays contributing heavily. Delirium can be frightening for both patients and for family members who observe it in their loved ones. As a nurse, you can play a key role in identifying risk factors, detecting symptoms early, implementing …

Collaborating With Businesses To Support And Sustain Research, Susan Diemert Moch, Debra A. Jansen, Rosemary A. Jadack, Phil Page, Richard Topp

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Financial assistance is necessary for sustaining research at universities. Business collaborations are a potential means for obtaining these funds. To secure funding, understanding the process for obtaining these business funds is important for nursing faculty members. Although faculty rarely request funding from businesses, they are often in a position to solicit financial support due to existing relationships with clinical agency administrators, staff, and community leaders. The economic support received from businesses provides outcomes in nursing research, research education, academic–service partnerships, and client health care. This article describes the steps and processes involved in successfully obtaining research funding from businesses. In …

Models Of Discharge Care In Magnet® Hospitals, Kathleen Bobay, Sarah J. Bahr, Marianne Weiss, Ronda G. Hughes, Linda L. Costa

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: The aim of this article is to describe how the discharge preparation process is operationalized in Magnet® hospitals.

Background: Nationally, there are intensive efforts toward improving discharge transitions and reducing readmissions. Discharge preparation is a core hospital function, yet there are few reports of operational models.

Methods: This was a descriptive, Web-based survey of 32 Magnet hospitals (64 units) participating in the Readiness Evaluation and Discharge Interventions study.

Results: Most hospitals have adopted 1 or more national readmission reduction initiatives. Most unit models include several discharge preparation roles; RN case managers, and discharging RNs lead …

The Relationship Between Consumption Of Beverages And Tooth Wear Among Adults In The United States, Christopher Okunseri, May C.M. Wong, David T.W. Yau, Colman Mcgrath, Aniko Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and severity of tooth wear (TW) and its relationship with consumption of beverages among adults in the United States.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data for 2003-2004 was analyzed. TW was defined as “wear on at least one surface of at least one examined tooth.” Drink/juice consumption was ascertained via a Food Frequency Questionnaire processed with Diet*Calc software to obtain the average daily consumption frequency for all queried drinks and juice categories including milk. Survey-weighted descriptive and multivariable analyses with interaction terms were performed.

Results: Our study sample consisted of 3,773 adults …

The Role Of Candidate-Gene Cntnap2 In Childhood Apraxia Of Speech And Specific Language Impairment, Tracy M. Centanni, J. N. Sanmann, J. R. Green, Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel, Christopher W. Bartlett, W. G. Sanger, Tiffany P. Hogan

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a debilitating pediatric speech disorder characterized by varying symptom profiles, comorbid deficits, and limited response to intervention. Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is an inherited pediatric language disorder characterized by delayed and/or disordered oral language skills including impaired semantics, syntax, and discourse. To date, the genes associated with CAS and SLI are not fully characterized. In the current study, we evaluated behavioral and genetic profiles of seven children with CAS and eight children with SLI, while ensuring all children were free of comorbid impairments. Deletions within CNTNAP2 were found in two children with CAS but …