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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Investigating The Escape Mechanism Of Sre Bearing Mrna Transcripts During Viral Host Shutoff, Daniel Macveigh-Fierro
Investigating The Escape Mechanism Of Sre Bearing Mrna Transcripts During Viral Host Shutoff, Daniel Macveigh-Fierro
Doctoral Dissertations
During viral infection, the virus and host clash for control over gene expression in an evolutionarily arms race that has raged for thousands of years. During lytic replication, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) triggers a massive RNA decay event known as host shut off. This causes over 70% of all RNA to be degraded suppressing the host antiviral response while freeing resources for viral replication. Our lab focuses on a subset of transcripts that escape from this viral degradation event using a cis acting 3’ UTR element known as a “SOX resistant element” or SRE. Although we have identified a …
Detection And Control Of Environmentally Transmissible Viruses, Anand R. Soorneedi
Detection And Control Of Environmentally Transmissible Viruses, Anand R. Soorneedi
Doctoral Dissertations
Viruses, owing to their ubiquitous nature and ability to infect almost every other species, have long been a subject of interest for scientists. Some of the virus species can be very deadly to humans and animals alike and can impose a huge economic and health burden across the world. The recent CoVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of timely detection for developing effective intervention strategies. Unfortunately, some of the virus species that cause significant health and economic impacts do not have robust and reliable detection methods due to several reasons. In some cases, despite having gold standard methods for detection of …
A Shift In Rna Fate: Investigating The Role Of C19orf66 During Kshv Lytic Replication, William Rodriguez Jr.
A Shift In Rna Fate: Investigating The Role Of C19orf66 During Kshv Lytic Replication, William Rodriguez Jr.
Doctoral Dissertations
During viral infection, virus and host clash for control of the cell in a conflict that ultimately drives the evolution of both sides and has lasting consequences in the form of pathogenesis. At the heart of this struggle is a contest for control of cellular gene expression, a struggle epitomized by an evolutionary tug-of-war for supremacy over RNA fate. During lytic replication, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) triggers a massive RNA decay event known as viral “Host Shutoff” which decimates greater than 70% of the host transcriptome, simultaneously suppressing the cellular anti-viral response and freeing host resources for viral replication. However, …
Cat Covid, Cmv And Chemokines, Oh My!, Trevor Hancock
Cat Covid, Cmv And Chemokines, Oh My!, Trevor Hancock
Doctoral Dissertations
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen infecting most humans worldwide. CMV infection within immunocompromised individuals can cause severe morbidity and potential mortality. Disease during CMV infection is due to virus dissemination and subsequent inflammation. Host immune cells lie at the intersection potentially mediating both. The CMV-encoded viral chemokine vCXCL-1 is a proposed virulence factor in mouse models increasing immune cell recruitment and disease. However, the primary immune cell mediator is undetermined. To identify targets, Chapter 2 examines CXCR2 expression (receptor for vCXCL-1) among various mouse tissues and human peripheral blood under steady-state conditions. In vitro, isoforms of HCMV’s vCXCL-1 …
Response Of Soil Viral And Microbial Functional Diversity To Long-Term Agricultural Management In Jackson, West Tennessee, Ning Duan
Doctoral Dissertations
Soil microbial communities are a critical component for ecosystem stability and function. Viruses, as an important biotic controller, have the potential to regulate the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities through infection. Soil is known to harbor abundant and diverse viral assemblages but their ecological role and influence on microbial processes has not been fully elucidated. Microbes can be influenced by viruses not only from infection but though biogeochemical feedbacks of the “microbial (bacterium–phage–DOC) loop” or “viral shunt”. However, we know relatively little about the microbial community and function under the regulation of viruses in soil and how they respond …
Cmv Chemokines And Co-Infection: A Dissemination Plot That Peptides Can Foil, Pranay Dogra
Cmv Chemokines And Co-Infection: A Dissemination Plot That Peptides Can Foil, Pranay Dogra
Doctoral Dissertations
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of both non-hereditary mental retardation and hearing loss, and CMV infection/reactivation causes serious complications in transplant and immune compromised patients. Due to these issues, development of a CMV vaccine and/or therapeutics is required. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of CMV pathogenesis. Because of its coevolution with humans, HCMV has evolved genes with homology to human immune modulatory genes. Several of these genes help CMV establish a successful and lifelong infection within the host. An example is the viral CXC chemokine homolog UL146 gene (vCXCL-1). UL146 varies …
Elucidating The Impact Of Roseophage On Roseobacter Metabolism And Marine Nutrient Cycles, Nana Yaw Darko Ankrah
Elucidating The Impact Of Roseophage On Roseobacter Metabolism And Marine Nutrient Cycles, Nana Yaw Darko Ankrah
Doctoral Dissertations
As the most abundant biological entities in marine environments, viruses are an important component of marine food webs. The activity of viruses contributes significantly to the mortality of marine microorganisms, ultimately influencing biological function and chemical composition of aquatic systems by impacting species composition and flow of carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients. Despite the growing recognition that viral activity contributes to marine biogeochemical cycles, the extent to which virus infection reshapes host metabolism and the effect of this alteration on the composition of host lysate remains poorly understood. Additionally, the degree to which natural bacterioplankton communities metabolise the released lysate …
Loss Of Cell Surface Agal During Catarrhine Evolution: Possible Implications For The Evolution Of Resistance To Viral Infections And For Oligocene Lineage Divergence, Idalia Aracely Rodriguez
Loss Of Cell Surface Agal During Catarrhine Evolution: Possible Implications For The Evolution Of Resistance To Viral Infections And For Oligocene Lineage Divergence, Idalia Aracely Rodriguez
Doctoral Dissertations
The divergence of the two superfamilies belonging to the Infraorder Catarrhini –Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) and Hominoidea (apes, including humans) – is generally assumed to have occurred during the Oligocene, between 38 and 20 million years ago. Genetic studies indicate that this time period was one of active genetic evolution under strong purifying selection for catarrhine primates. This includes selective pressures on the glycoprotein galactosyltransferase 1 (GGTA1) gene and subsequent inactivation “clocked” at approximately 28 ma, possibly prior to the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea split. The GGTA1 gene codes for an a1,3 galactosyltransferase (GT) enzyme that synthesizes a terminal disaccharide, …
Analysis Of Polymorphism In Human Cytomegalovirus (Hcmv) Chemokine, Vcxcl-1, And Its Role In Cellular Activation, Jinho Heo
Doctoral Dissertations
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viral chemokine gene, UL146, shows a high degree of variability in clinical isolates. The UL146-produced viral chemokine, vCXCL-1, has homology to CXC chemokines and is predicted to be an immune modulator that may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCMV infections. In the analysis of clinical isolates from congenitally infected infants, we found 11 distinct vCXCL-1 clades. Although the four cysteine residues that create two disulfide bonds providing the essential structure for CXC chemokines,are conserved, the N-loop region, which is important for receptor binding and activation, was hypervariable. One clade also contained a modified glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) …
5’-Proximal Cis-Acting Rna Signals For Coronavirus Genome Replication, Bo-Jhih Guan
5’-Proximal Cis-Acting Rna Signals For Coronavirus Genome Replication, Bo-Jhih Guan
Doctoral Dissertations
RNA sequences and higher-order structures in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of positive-strand RNA viruses are known to function as cis-acting elements for translation, replication, and transcription. In coronaviruses, these are best characterized in the group 2a bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), yet their precise mechanistic features are largely undefined. Here, we use a reverse genetics system in MHV to exploit the ~30% nt sequence divergence between BCoV and MHV to establish structure/function relationships of 5’ UTR cis-replication elements. It had been previously shown that a precise replacement of the 391-nt MHV 3’ UTR with …