Life Sciences Commons^™

Ua66/6/3/1 Biennial Report, Kentucky Gamma, Alpha Epsilon Delta

Student Organizations

Biennial report created by and about the Kentucky Gamma Chapter of Alpha Epsilon Delta premedical honor society sponsored by WKU Biology.

Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition: A Kinetic Study Using A Type I Collagen Gel Model, Gretchen S. Mandel, Paul B. Halverson, Melisa Rathburn, Neil S. Mandel

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is characterized by deposits of triclinic (t) and monoclinic (m) CPPD crystals in articular and fibrocartilage. Many investigators have attempted to model CPPD crystal growth using both solution and a variety of gel systems. We have investigated the effect of type I collagen fibrils on CPPD crystal nucleation and growth using an ionic diffusion model. Collagen was isolated from porcine menisci using a pepsin solubilization procedure and gelled in three layers, with one containing 10 mM pyrophosphate (PPi) plus physiologic ions, the middle containing only the ions, while the third contained 25 mM …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Scanning Electron Microscopy-Examined Ciliary Morphological Changes In Control And Noise Exposed Guinea Pig Cochleas, S. Rydmarker, P. Nilsson, D. E. Dunn, C. Lindqvist

Scanning Microscopy

Many investigations of noise-induced hearing loss have demonstrated a poor correlation between hearing threshold and hair cell loss. One reason for this is that more subtle changes in the hair cell, such as detailed morphological changes of stereocilia, have not been evaluated. However, examining such changes increases the problem of distinguishing experimental pathological changes from artefacts. Preparation of the specimen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) may result in too many artefacts for an adequate quantification of defects due to noise exposure.

One problem with some earlier studies seems to be lack of controls and/or statistical analysis for the purpose of …

The Secondary Blood Vessel System Of Segmental Arteries And Dorsal Aorta In Blennius Pavo And Zosterisessor Ophiocephalus. Histology, Fine Structure And Sem Of Vascular Corrosion Casts., F. Lahnsteiner, A. Lametschwandtner, R. A. Patzner

Scanning Microscopy

The secondary blood vessel system of the segmental arteries and of the dorsal aorta of the teleost fish Blennius pavo and Zosterisessor ophiocephalus are examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy of appropriately processed tissue and of vascular corrosion casts. Dorsal, lateral and ventral segmental arteries and the caudal portions of the dorsal aorta have a secondary vessel system. The secondary vessels are formed by capillaries which arise from the proximal portions of the segmental arteries and from the caudal parts of the dorsal aorta. In Z. ophiocephalus these capillaries are strongly dilated at their …

An Economic Impact Analysis Of The Proposed Yakima/Klickitat Fishery Enhancement Project; Preliminary Design Report, Appendix D., Richard S. Mack, Donald J. Cocheba, Daniel Green, David W. Hedrick

Economics Faculty Scholarship

The objective of this study is to estimate the economic impact of the proposed Yakima/Klickitat Production Project on the local economies of the Yakima and Klickitat subbasins. The project, when operating at planned maximum production, will augment the total number of salmon and steelhead returning to the subbasins by 77,600 and will increase the sustainable terminal harvest by 55,160. These estimates do not include fish harvested in the ocean or in the mainstem Columbia. In addition to evaluating the impacts of the construction, operations and maintenance, experimentation and monitoring, and harvest activities described in the Draft Environmental Assessment (Bonneville Power …

Backscattered Electron Imaging Of Partially-Demineralized Enamel, D. G. A. Nelson

Scanning Microscopy

Backscattered electron (BE) microscopy is being used increasingly as a technique to study the dissolution of dental enamel because of its high resolution and relatively easy sample preparation. Subsurface details such as striae of Retzius, cross-striations and prism microstructure have been observed with a resolution better than 0.1 micrometers using this technique. Since BE images of demineralized enamel appear very similar to microradiography images, it is tempting to interpret them in a similar fashion. We attempt to show that the interpretation of BE images is not straightforward because enamel is not a homogeneous one-phase material, but a two-component composite material …

Binding Of Ions To Nuclear Chromatin, Thomas Von Zglinicki, Heiko Ziervogel, Martina Bimmler

Scanning Microscopy

Ion concentrations in isolated lymphocyte nuclei subjected to KCl or MgCl₂ media of varying ionic strength were measured by X-ray microanalysis. Values were corrected for the contribution of free ions by estimating the volume fraction of the water space morphometrically. The amount of bound cations and Cl was constant and independent of the widely varying free ion concentration.

It is concluded that the mechanism of binding is counterion condensation but with limited cooperativity. In contrast to classical counterion condensation theory, the binding of ions occurs at oppositely charged clusters at the surface of the chromatin. Therefore, both cations and …

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1989 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1989 crop season, including precipitation data, crop performance test, spring wheat breeding, nitrogen tests for corn, potato rotation study, grasshopper research, corn rootworm research, oat research, weed control, disease control in wheat, farming system studies, and an economic analysis of farming systems.

Effectiveness Of Dentin Bonding Agents, J. -F. Roulet, U. Blunck

Scanning Microscopy

The interface between a composite resin restoration and dentin is still a problem with regard to secondary caries and esthetics. With conventional restorative techniques the absence of bonding between the restorative material and the dentin produces marginal gaps. These gaps are populated with microorganisms or trap pigments. Therefore, adhesive techniques are required for functional and esthetic restorations.

In extracted teeth stored in 0.1% thymol solution, 8 cylindrical cavities (diameter: 3 mm; depth: 2 mm) and 8 class V cavities (1/2 of the margin in dentin) were prepared in each group and filled with composite resin. Before actual placement the following …

Electron Microscopy Of Endothelial Cell - Biopolymer Interaction, Stuart K. Williams, Timothy Schneider, Bruce E. Jarrell

Scanning Microscopy

Vascular endothelial cells form a natural antithrombogenic lining on all blood vessels. Replacement or bypass of small diameter blood vessels with artificial polymeric grafts has not been clinically acceptable due to the thrombogenic nature of polymeric material. One approach to improving the patency of vascular prosthetic devices has been the establishment of endothelial monolayers on the blood flow surface using the technique known as seeding. Scanning electron microscopy has been a major tool in evaluating the interaction of endothelial cells with polymeric surfaces resulting in a basic understanding of forces and structures regulating endothelium-polymer interactions. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have …

Comparison Of Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy And Microradiography Of Secondary Caries, Grayson W. Marshall Jr., Michal Staninec, Yasuhiro Torii, Sally J. Marshall

Scanning Microscopy

Carious lesions are usually studied using light microscopy and/or microradiography which require preparation of thin sections. Backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSEM) has received little attention although it provides information similar to that obtained with microradiographs, with the potential for higher resolution. Recently, microscopes have been introduced that can be used to study wet or nonconducting specimens, offering techniques for studying specimens without desiccation or preparation of thin sections. This investigation sought to determine if secondary carious lesions have the same characteristics when studied by microradiography as when using the "wet" BSEM mode. Microradiographs were made of thin sections from restored …

Release Of Hemoglobin And Potassium From Human Red Blood Cells Treated With Triton X-100 Under The Critical Micellar Concentration, P. Bogner, M. Kellermayer, C. F. Hazlewood

Scanning Microscopy

The action of detergents is thought to be connected primarily with micelle formation. However, detergent monomers can also effect biological systems. It was found in this study that human red blood cells can be disintegrated with Triton X-100 non-ionic detergent at a concentration of 0.007 %, lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC). The time dependent release of hemoglobin and potassium was detected at 37°C and both were sigmoid in character. Although potassium was released faster than hemoglobin, a cooperative relationship between potassium and hemoglobin within the intact red blood cell is suggested by this observation.

The Use Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In The Analysis Of Pathological Hairs, Bo Forslind

Scanning Microscopy

The potentials of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have only to a certain degree been exploited in the study of pathological hair fibers. In this review brief viewpoints on aspects of preparation and interpretation are discussed. It is shown that SEM will reveal important facts on the morphology of pathological hairs is appropriate experiment are performed, such as forming a knot on the fiber. Such a simple experiment will provide information on the fiber cross section, and on the tensile strength of the cuticle and the fiber. Complementary methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pathological hair fibers are suggested.

Properties Of A New Dental Porcelain, T. K. Vaidyanathan, J. Vaidyanathan, A. Prasad

Scanning Microscopy

A high strength dental porcelain OPTEC, HSP™ has recently been introduced for use in the fabrication of crowns, three-unit anterior bridges with a single pontic, inlays, on lays, veneers, etc., without a metal substrate. This investigation reports the results of our research involving the characterization of the structure properties and thermally induced transformations of this porcelain. It has been found that the material possesses superior strength and other properties relative to conventional porcelains. The improved properties appear to result from the presence of a very fine and relatively dense distribution of leucite crystals. Scanning electron microscopy indicates, however, that the …

Ultrastructural Features Of Osteoclasts In Situ, L. De Saint-Georges, S. C. Miller, B. M. Bowman., W. S. S. Jee

Scanning Microscopy

The morphology of in situ osteoclasts on endocortical surfaces of the femoral midshaft was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Mice were perfusion fixed and bone marrow plugs were flushed out of femoral diaphyseal cylinders. The bones were split longitudinally and the endocortical surfaces examined. This method left on the bone surface most of the endosteal cells in their natural, in situ shape and position. Most of the bone surface was lined by contiguous bone lining cells covering resting bone surfaces, making a clear physical barrier between the bone and marrow compartments. On resorption surfaces, which were characterized by excavation cavities, …

Studies Of Heart Development In Normal And Cardiac Lethal Mutant Axolotls: A Review, M. E. Fransen, L. F. Lemanski

Scanning Microscopy

The morphology of developing hearts in axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to provide a chronology of morphogenesis that can be correlated with ongoing biochemical and immunocytochemical studies. In addition to normal embryos we have studied homozygous recessive cardiac lethal mutant axolotls. The mutant myocardium undergoes aberrant sarcomere development and lacks a normal heartbeat. Morphogenesis of mutant hearts appears to be nearly normal with respect to myocardial cell shape changes, epicardial formation, and the distribution of extracellular matrix fibrils in the cardiac jelly. This suggests that the deficient arrangement of contractile proteins in …

Non-Fibrous Inorganic Particles In Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids, P. Dumortier, P. De Vuyst, J. C. Yernault

Scanning Microscopy

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple and non-invasive sampling technique of the deep lung. Analytical electron microscopy was used for the identification and quantification of non-fibrous inorganic particles recovered in BAL fluid samples from 51 subjects with various occupational exposures (silica, silicates, metals and alloys, metallic oxides, precious and hard metals, abrasives). Around 4750 particles were analysed. More than sixty different compounds were identified, among which silica, kaolinite, illite, mica, Fe oxides and hydroxides, appeared to be ubiquitous. Feldspar, talc, chlorite, Al oxide, Ti oxide, tungsten carbide, stainless steel, carbonaceous compounds and flyash were also frequently encountered. From 1 to …

Cryofixation Of Heart Tissue For X-Ray Microanalysis, Alice Warley

Scanning Microscopy

Cryofixation of tissues is necessary to be able to study the concentrations of elements by X-ray microanalysis. Simple dissection of heart tissue fragments of the size needed for optimum cryofixation by the conventional methods of plunge or slam freezing leads to the development of ischaemia in the tissue fragments and a consequent redistribution of the diffusible elements. Heart tissue can be frozen in vivo using liquid nitrogen cooled Cu clad pliers, but the morphological detail is preserved better if the cooled pliers are exposed to liquefied propane immediately before freezing, Concentrations of Na are lower and concentrations of K are …

An Analytical Method Of Determining Thickness Of Multi-Layer Films With Electron Microprobe, Yen-Cai Ho, Jia-Guang Chen, Xin-Lei Wang

Scanning Microscopy

In the previous work we have developed a series of theoretical corrections for calculating the emitted X-ray intensity in multi-layer films. By the use of these theories, along with careful experimental operation of the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Monte Carlo iteration calculation, the thickness of each layer in multi-layer films can be determined.

To test the reliability of this method, the multi-layer film specimens Au/Cu/Si, Cu/Au/Si and Ag/Cr/Si of known thicknesses were analyzed at 20, 25, 30 and 35 keV. The percentage relative errors between the thicknesses determined using the correction procedures and those measured using nuclear backscattering are …

Interferon Beta 2/Interleukin-6 And Interleukin-3 Synergize In Stimulating Proliferation Of Human Early Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells., R. Michalevicz, D. Lifshitz, M. Revel

Scanning Microscopy

Early 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) resistant hematopoietic progenitor cells (pre-colony-forming units, pre-CFU) were evaluated by a two-step liquid culture system, (earlier progenitors), pre-CFU, as well as by the conventional semi-solid mixed colony assay (later progenitors) for their growth response to interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and a combination of both factors. The effect of the IL-6/IL-3 combination was compared to that of IL-1/IL-3. IL-3 alone proved less effective in supporting earlier pre-CFU cells than later progenitor cells. In a previous work IL-6 promoted the growth of early multipotential progenitor cells circulating in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. IL-6 alone did not stimulate growth …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.4 December 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

SMALL MAMMALS IN TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE: PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAZING AND BURNING ▪ E. K. Clark, D. W. Kaufman, E. J. Finck, and G. A. Kaufman

BURROW DISTRIBUTION OF THIRTEEN-LINED GROUND SQUIRRELS IN RELATION TO TREE CANOPIES ▪ J. L. Koprowski 185

SPRING AND SUMMER PREY REMAINS COLLECTED FROM MALE MINK DENS IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA ▪ . T. W. Arnold and E. K. Fritzell

BREEDING CANVASBACKS: A TEST OF A HABITAT MODEL ▪ D. H. Johnson, M. C. Hammond, T. L. McDonald, C. L. Nustad, and M. D. Schwartz

A CHECKLIST OF THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA ▪ G. C. Wheeler and …

Effects Of Acidic Precipitation On The Soil Chemistry And Bioavailability Of Aluminum, Manganese, And Copper, Alan Christie Stam

Doctoral Dissertations

The effects of acidic precipitation on the soil solution chemistry and bioavailability of AI, Mn, and Cu in soils from spruce-fir and oak-hickory forests were examined in laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies.

Soil solution concentrations of labile (inorganic) monomeric AI (LMAI) increased with decreasing solution pH and with increasing exchangeable AI and decreasing exchangeable Ca/AI of the soils. Dissolved organic matter decreased with decreasing solution pH and influenced decreases in nonlabile (organic) monomeric AI (NLMAI).

Simulated acidic precipitation increased LMAI concentrations in the laboratory equilibration and greenhouse studies, but not in the field plot studies in oak-hickory and spruce-fir forests. …

Tillage And Fertilizer Influences On Corn And Legume Cover, J. E. Gilley, J. F. Power, P. J. Reznicek, S. C. Finkner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The use of legumes in a cropping system may provide a variety of benefits. In this study, the effectiveness of selected legume species in providing surface cover was examined. The legumes were interseeded into either conventional or no-till corn, with or without N fertilizer. Both maximum legume cover and maximum cover furnished by corn plus legumes were examined. Mean cover provided during the study period by both the cover crop, and corn plus cover crop was also determined.

Guidelines For By-Laws For Those Abrolhos Islands Set Aside For Fisheries Purposes., N. Moore

Fisheries management papers

The main purpose of this discussion paper is to establish the guidelines required for determining by-laws for the islands of the Abrolhos used for fisheries purposes as part of a self-management systems.

Attribute Relationships: An Impediment In Automating Schema Integration, Amit P. Sheth, Sunit K. Gala

Kno.e.sis Publications

Success in schema integration depends on understanding the semantics of schema components (e.g., entity sets, relationship sets, attributes), and the ability to capture and reason about these semantics. An important objective of our work on schema integration is to automate the reasoning as much as possible, and when not possible, depend on the human input and guidance. A key results of comparing the semantics associated with schema objects is that of determining attribute relationship. Once attribute relationships are determined, the task of object class(e.g., entity sets and relationship sets) integration becomes simpler and can e automated to a great extent. …

Nutritive And Nonnutritive Sucking And The Temporal Organization Of The Suckling Behavior Of Domestic Piglets, Jeffrey Rushen, David Fraser

Feeding Behavior Collection

Detailed video recordings of the suckling behavior of one piglet from each of four litters were analyzed to determine how the components of piglet suckling behavior are organized in relation to the time of milk ejection and the temporal pattern of grunting by the sow. Early in the suckling episode, most piglets massaged the udder with their snouts, and then changed gradually to sucking the teats with slow mouth movements (1-2/sec). The piglets then had a distinct phase of sucking with rapid mouth movements (4-5/sec) which began suddenly and lasted about 5 to 15 sec. The weight gains of piglets …

Prediction Of Release Properties Of Silicone Coated Paper Through Analysis Of Coating Particle Size And Distribution, Kent Bartholomew

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Silicone release coatings are gaining in popularity. The use of water-borne emulsions is seeing its way into the production of release coatings as well as pressure sensitive applications.

Thermoset silicone release coatings systems consist of a reactive polymer, a crosslinker, and a catalyst. A condensation reaction takes place to form the low surface energy silicone film which is primarily what gives good release property.

It is believed that an emulsion's stability, and hence quality, can be related to the particle size and distribution.

It was the goal of this study to quantify the relationship between particle size/distribution and release properties …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This twenty-ninth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, soil testing, alfalfa yield test, fertilizer testing, herbicide research, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock research, and pest and weed control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1989 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary for all west river counties involved in research, small grain variety trials and demonstrations, grain crops variety testing and demonstrations, management, tillage and cultural practices, and weed control research projects.

Introduction And Enhancement Of Vegetative Cover At Lake Mead, Jennifer S. Haley, Lisa K. Croft, Suzanne E. Leavitt, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Studies done by the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) and the Arizona Fish and Game between 1978 and 1981 indicate that inadequate cover may be limiting the production and survival of largemouth bass at the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA). As a result of these studies, NDOW initiated a contract in 1986 with the Lake Mead Research Center (LMRC) to investigate means of improving habitat for game fish by introducing natural and/or artificial cover.

During Phase I (1986-1987) of this contract, the shoreline of Lake Mead was surveyed for aquatic and terrestrial plant growth. Also during this time, submerged …