Signal Processing Commons^™

Investigation Of Vertical Handoff Techniques In Integrated Wlan/Cellular Networks And Performance Analysis Of Horizon Handoff In Wimax Networks, Elaheh Arabmakki

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science by Elaheh Arabmakki May 9, 2011.

Low Power Rtty And Psk31 Decoder For Ham Radio Applications, Benjamin Bales

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Exploration Of Spatial Diversity In Multi-Antenna Wireless Communication Systems, Shichuan Ma

Computer and Electronics Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With increasing demand on wireless internet and personal multimedia, the data rate of wireless communications is expected to increase dramatically. Future wireless networks face challenges of supporting data rates higher than one gigabits per second. Among various technologies, multi-antennas, also known as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are undoubtedly the most promising to enable higher data rates. By employing the extra degrees of freedom in the spatial domain, multi-antenna techniques enhance the wireless communication systems through array gain, spatial diversity, and spatial multiplexing. Although multi-antenna systems have been utilized for more than ten years, a thorough analysis of various aspects of multi-antenna …

Mechatronics Application To Solar Tracking, Danny L. Rodriguez Jr

Purdue Polytechnic Directed Projects

The purpose of this was to design and implement a two-axis solar tracking system utilizing the National Instruments C-Rio real time controller. In order to accomplish this a prototype was modeled in CAD. This prototype used two 12 V DC motors to change a solar panel's rotation and tilt based on feedback data from three cadmium sulfide photoresistors. This configuration was chosen for its ability to create both a left-right rotational and an up/down tilt differential. In Addition this approach uses National Instruments Labview to control a solar tracking system. Using Labview add uniqueness to this project by adding a …

Computational Genomic Signatures And Metagenomics, Ozkan U. Nalbantoglu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Mathematical characterizations of biological sequences form one of the main elements of bioinformatics. In this work, a class of DNA sequence characterization, namely computational genomics signatures, which capture global features of these sequences is used to address emerging computational biology challenges. Because of the species specificity and pervasiveness of genome signatures, it is possible to use these signatures to characterize and identify a genome or a taxonomic unit using a short genome fragment from that source. However, the identification accuracy is generally poor when the sequence model and the sequence distance measure are not selected carefully. We show that the …

Solving The Vehicle Re-Identification Problem By Using Neural Networks, Tanweer Rashid

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Vehicle re-identification is the process by which vehicle attributes measured at one point on a road network are compared to vehicle attributes measured at another point in an effort to match vehicles without using any unique identifiers such as license plate numbers. A match is made if the two measurements are estimated to belong to the same vehicle. Vehicle attributes can be sensor readings such as loop induction signatures, or they can also be actual vehicle characteristics such as length, weight, number of axles, etc. This research makes use of vehicle length, travel time, axle spacing and axle weights for …

Automated Detection Of Hematological Abnormalities Through Classification Of Flow Cytometric Data Patterns, Mark A. Rossman

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Flow Cytometry analyzers have become trusted companions due to their ability to perform fast and accurate analyses of human blood. The aim of these analyses is to determine the possible existence of abnormalities in the blood that have been correlated with serious disease states, such as infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, and various cancers. Though these analyzers provide important feedback, it is always desired to improve the accuracy of the results. This is evidenced by the occurrences of misclassifications reported by some users of these devices. It is advantageous to provide a pattern interpretation framework that is able to provide better classification …

Simultaneous Range/Velocity Detection With An Ultra-Wideband Random Noise Radar Through Fully Digital Cross-Correlation In The Time Domain, James R. Lievsay

Theses and Dissertations

This research effort examines the theory, application, and results of applying two-dimensional cross-correlation in the time domain to ultra-wideband (UWB) random noise waveforms for simultaneous range and velocity estimation. When applying common Doppler processing techniques to random noise waveforms for the purpose of velocity estimation, the velocity resolution degrades as the signal bandwidth or the target speed increase. To mitigate the degradation, the Doppler approximation is not utilized, and instead, wideband signal processing theory is applied in the time domain. The results show that by accurately interpolating each sample in the digitized reference signal, a target's velocity and range can …

A Simple Non-Destructive Method For Characterizing Non-Dispersive, Low-Loss Dielectrics, Thomas S. Olney

Theses and Dissertations

It is shown how permittivity can be extracted via time domain reflection data from a perfect electric conductor (PEC) backed planar sample of a low-loss, non-dispersive dielectric using two rectangular Ku-band waveguide aperture probes with attached PEC flange plates of the same geometry but different dimensions. Of critical importance is being able to identify the reflection from the edge of the flange plate in the parallel plate region created by the plate and the PEC backing of the sample. A signal processing method that takes advantage of physical insight into the geometry and superposition is developed for identifying this edge …

Bistatic 3d Electromagnetic Scattering From A Right-Angle Dihedral At Arbitrary Orientation And Position, Andreas Z. Tempelis

Theses and Dissertations

A method is created to extend a bistatic 3D electromagnetic scattering solution for a dihedral at a given orientation and position to the case of arbitrary orientation and position. Results produced using this method are compared to shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) and method of moments (MoM) predictions, as well as measured data for applicable cases. The model in this thesis shows excellent agreement in magnitude and phase with SBR predictions. It also shows good agreement in magnitude with MoM predictions. Small phase differences between model and MoM data occur due to differences in the underlying scattering solution and the …

Direction Finding With Mutually Orthogonal Antennas, David F. Chick

Theses and Dissertations

Estimating the direction-of-arrival of incident electromagnetic plane waves (a.k.a. direction finding or DF) has typically been accomplished in the past using arrays of spatially separated antennas. The spatial separation produces a delay in each antenna's measured voltage due to the finite propagation time as the wave strikes each antenna in succession. In this thesis, we approach the problem differently by using three antennas that have been oriented in orthogonal directions but are co-located at the origin of a coordinate system. Being co-located, this mutually orthogonal arrangement of antennas cannot detect the propagation phase delay and must rely solely on the …

Characterization Of Noise Technology Radar Signal Detectability Using A Non-Cooperative Receiver, Daniel V. Atienza

Theses and Dissertations

As Noise Technology Radar (NTR) systems emerge, there is a need for non-cooperative, non-matched filter detection and exploitation. This work is based on that need and AFIT's Noise Network (NoNET) radar system. These signals are associated with Low Probability of Detection/ Intercept (LPD/LPI) signals. Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks (QMFB) has been effectively used for non-cooperatively detecting structured LPD/LPI signals and extracting various waveform characteristics. However, the QMFB process performance with unstructured NTR signals was challenging and motivated a need for a transformed QMFB. This transform was based on AFIT research by Gronholz and Mims (G-M), who used a multi-channel receiver …

Blind Deconvolution Method Of Image Deblurring Using Convergence Of Variance, Quentin D. Macmanus

Theses and Dissertations

Images are used for both aerial and space imagery applications, including target detection and tracking. The current problem concerning objects in geosynchronous orbit is that they are dim and hard to resolve because of their distance. This work will further the combined effort of AFIT and AFRL to provide enhanced space situational awareness (SSA) and space surveillance. SSA is critical in a time when many countries possess the technology to put satellites into orbit. Enhanced imaging technology improves the Air Force's ability to see if foreign satellites or other space hardware are operating in the vicinity of our own assets …

Signals Of Opportunity Navigation Using Wi-Fi Signals, Wilfred E. Noel

Theses and Dissertations

Since GPS is generally limited to areas with clear sky view, additional methods of navigation are currently being explored. This thesis explores navigation using Signals of Opportunity(SoOP). The signals chosen for evaluation in this thesis are the common Internet IEEE 802.11a/g signals, or Wi-Fi. This thesis presents SoOP navigation based on cross-correlations of received data from multiple Wi-Fi stations. It shows the effectiveness of the methods using collected Wi-Fi signals in a real-world environment. By using simple statistical representations of collected data in large groups, or windows, cross-correlation calculations can produce timing offsets between simulated stations. The timing offsets, or …

Development Of A Novel Methodology For Indoor Emission Source Identification, Kwanghoon Han

Kwanghoon Han

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a methodology to identify individual sources of emissions based on the measurements of mixed air samples and the emission signatures of individual materials previously determined by Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), an on-line analytical device. The methodology based on signal processing principles was developed by employing the method of multiple regression least squares (MRLS) and a normalization technique. Samples of nine typical building materials were tested individually and in combination, including carpet, ceiling material, gypsum board, linoleum, two paints, polyolefine, PVC and wood. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions from each …

Analytical Coexistence Benchmark For Assessing The Utmost Interference Tolerated By Ieee 802.20, Mouhamed Abdulla, Yousef R. Shayan

Publications and Scholarship

Whether it is crosstalk, harmonics, or in-band operation of wireless technologies, interference between a reference system and a host of offenders is virtually unavoidable. In past contributions, a benchmark has been established and considered for coexistence analysis with a number of technologies including FWA, UMTS, and WiMAX. However, the previously presented model does not take into account the mobility factor of the reference node in addition to a number of interdependent requirements regarding the link direction, channel state, data rate and system factors; hence limiting its applicability for the MBWA (IEEE 802.20) standard. Thus, over diverse modes, in this correspondence …

Electric Guitar Amplifier With Digital Effects, Shawn Garrett

Computer Engineering

During the course of this project, the research and development of an electric guitar amplifier was undertaken. This amplifier is divided into three distinct sections. The power distribution circuitry provides the proper voltages to safely operate all necessary components. The DSP and digital effects stage provides processing and allows the user to add digital effects to the original guitar sound. The amplification stage increases the power of the input signal to drive a loudspeaker. Due to several setbacks throughout the course of this project, the overall amplifier was not completed. All three of the sections were developed to working functionality, …

Intelligibility Of Electrolarynx Speech Using A Novel Hands-Free Actuator, Brian Madden, Mark Nolan, Ted Burke, James Condron, Eugene Coyle

Conference Papers

During voiced speech, the larynx provides quasi-periodic acoustic excitation of the vocal tract. In most electrolarynxes, mechanical vibrations are produced by a linear electromechanical actuator, the armature of which percusses against a metal or plastic plate at a frequency within the range of glottal excitation. In this paper, the intelligibility of speech produced using a novel hands-free actuator is compared to speech produced using a conventional electrolarynx. Two able-bodied speakers (one male, one female) performed a closed response test containing 28 monosyllabic words, once using a conventional electrolarynx and a second time using the novel design. The resulting audio recordings …

Augmented Control Of A Hands-Free Electrolarynx, Brian Madden, James Condron, Eugene Coyle

Conference Papers

During voiced speech, the larynx acts as the sound source, providing a quasi-periodic excitation of the vocal tract. Following a total laryngectomy, some people speak using an electrolarynx which employs an electromechanical actuator to perform the excitatory function of the absent larynx. Drawbacks of conventional electrolarynx designs include the monotonic sound emitted, the need for a free-hand to operate the device, and the difficulty experienced by many laryngectomees in adapting to its use. One improvement to the electrolarynx, which clinicians and users frequently suggest, is the provision of a convenient hands-free control facility. This would allow more natural use of …

Wireless Physical-Layer Security Performance Of Uwb Systems, Miyong Ko

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Traditionally, spread-spectrum systems have been employed to provide low probability-of-intercept (LPI) and low probability-of-detection (LPD) performances at the physical layer, but the messages transmitted over such a system are still encrypted with a powerful cipher to protect their secrecy. Our challenge is to find a solution to provide an additional level of security at the physical layer so that simple systems such as RFID tags with limited resources can be secure without using standard encryption. It has recently been suggested that the cryptographic security of the system can be enhanced by exploiting physical properties of UWB signals. With an eavesdropper …

On The Retrieval Of The Beam Transverse Wind Velocity Using Angles Of Arrival From Spatially Separated Light Sources, Shiril Tichkule

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

For optical propagation through the turbulent atmosphere, the angle of arrival (AOA) cross-correlation function obtained from two spatially separated light sources carries information regarding the transverse wind velocity averaged along the propagation path. Two methods for the retrieval of the beam transverse horizontal wind velocity, v_t, based on the estimation of the time delay to the peak and the slope at zero lag of the AOA cross-correlation function, are presented. Data collected over a two week long experimental campaign conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) site near Erie, CO was analyzed. The RMS difference between 10 s estimates of …

Inversion Of Marine Radar Imagery To Surface Realizations And Dual-Polarization Analysis, Brian Paulsen

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

The ocean influences global weather patterns, stores and transports heat, and supports entire ecosystems. An area of interest is the relationship between the observed backscattered power received by a surface-based marine radar and the ocean surface topography. Current methods for obtaining surface elevation maps involve either in situ devices, which only provide point measurements, or an interferometric radar, which can be costly. During the late 1990's and early 2000's a radar was built at UMass, called the Focused Phased Array Imaging Radar II (FOPAIR II), and deployed at a several locations. A method is discussed to determine a transfer function …

Addressing/Exploiting Transceiver Imperfections In Wireless Communication Systems, Lihao Wang

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

This thesis consists of two research projects on wireless communication systems. In the first project, we propose a fast inphase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance compensation technique for the analog quadrature modulators in direct conversion transmitters. The method needs no training sequence, no extra background data gathering process and no prior perfect knowledge of the envelope detector characteristics. In contrast to previous approaches, it uses points from both the linear and predictable nonlinear regions of the envelope detector to hasten convergence. We provide a least mean square (LMS) version and demonstrate that the quadrature modulator compensator converges.

In the second project, …

Automated Detection And Counting Of Pedestrians On An Urban Roadside, Gayatri D. Prabhu

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

This thesis implements an automated system that counts pedestrians with 85% accuracy. Two approaches have been considered and evaluated in terms of count accuracy, cost and ease of deployment. The first approach employs the Autoscope Solo Terra, a traffic camera which is widely used to monitor vehicular traffic. The Solo Terra supports an image processing-based detector that counts the number of objects crossing user-defined areas in the captured image. The count is updated based on the amount of movement across the selected regions. Therefore, a second approach has been considered that uses a histogram of oriented gradients (HoG), an advanced …

Development, Deployment, And Characterization Of A Ku-Band Interferometer, Anthony Swochak

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Space-borne radar interferometry provides a global vantage point to understand climate change, global weather phenomenon, and other Earth dynamics. For climate change observations, space-borne interferometers can be utilized to relate ocean topography to temperature, thus providing a global map of ocean temperatures. Since the oceans are in constant motion, a single-pass interferometer is needed to successfully make these measurements of ocean height. The feasibility of a single-pass measurement is dependent on the physical size of the instrument, hence it is cheaper and more practical to launch a small, light weight instrument into space. Since instrument size scales inversely with operating …

The Synchronized Short-Time-Fourier-Transform: Properties And Definitions For Multichannel Source Separation., Ruairí De Fréin, Scott Rickard

Articles

This paper proposes the use of a synchronized linear transform, the synchronized short-time-Fourier-transform (sSTFT), for time-frequency analysis of anechoic mixtures. We address the short comings of the commonly used time-frequency linear transform in multichannel settings, namely the classical short-time-Fourier-transform (cSTFT). We propose a series of desirable properties for the linear transform used in a multichannel source separation scenario: stationary invertibility, relative delay, relative attenuation, and finally delay invariant relative windowed-disjoint orthogonality (DIRWDO). Multisensor source separation techniques which operate in the time-frequency domain, have an inherent error unless consideration is given to the multichannel properties proposed in this paper. The sSTFT …

Improve Design For Automated Tajweed Checking Rules Engine Of Quranic Verse Recitation: A Review, Noor Jamaliah Ibrahim, Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff, Zaidi Razak, Rosli Salleh

Noor Jamaliah Ibrahim

Generally, reliable speech recognition is a hard problem that required a combination of many techniques. Thus, the combinations of Al-Quran with speech recognition system is quite challenging task to be implemented. It is because the Quran sound, which had been recited by most of recitors will probably tend to differ a lot from one person to another. Although those Quranic sentence were particularly taken from the same verse, but the way of the sentence in Al-Quran been recited or delivered may be different, depend on recitors with the different levels of understanding of Tajweed rules. This paper seeks to provide …

Freeing Space For Nasa: Incorporating A Lossless Compression Algorithm Into Nasa's Fiber Optic Strain Sensing System, Kaitlyn Fiechtner, Allen Parker

STAR Program Research Presentations

NASA’s Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (FOSS) system can gather and store up to 1,536,000 bytes (1.46 megabytes) per second. Since the FOSS system typically acquires hours—or even days—of data, the system can gather hundreds of gigabytes of data for a given test event. To store such large quantities of data more effectively, NASA is modifying a Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO) lossless data compression program to compress data as it is being acquired in real time. After proving that the algorithm is capable of compressing the data from the FOSS system, the LZO program will be modified and incorporated into the FOSS system. …

Application Of Stochastic Diffusion For Hiding High Fidelity Encrypted Images, Jonathan Blackledge, Abdulrahman Al-Rawi

Articles

Cryptography coupled with information hiding has received increased attention in recent years and has become a major research theme because of the importance of protecting encrypted information in any Electronic Data Interchange system in a way that is both discrete and covert. One of the essential limitations in any cryptography system is that the encrypted data provides an indication on its importance which arouses suspicion and makes it vulnerable to attack. Information hiding of Steganography provides a potential solution to this issue by making the data imperceptible, the security of the hidden information being a threat only if its existence …

On Improving Electrooculogram-Based Computer Mouse Systems: The Accelerometer Trigger, Johnalan Keegan, Edward Burke, James Condron, Eugene Coyle

Conference Papers

Eye tracking is a well-established method of computer control for profoundly paralysed people (Anson et al., 2002). Cameras are commonly used to track eye movements (Morimoto et al., 2005) but one alternative is the bioelectrical signal known as the electrooculogram (EOG). There are some EOG mouse control systems that facilitate the use of GUI applications, but certain actions, which are straightforward using a conventional mouse, remain impossible. Unless the eyes are tracking a target, they move in saccades (jumps), making it impossible to voluntarily trace out smooth trajectories with one's gaze, as would be required to draw a smooth curve. …