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Articles 91 - 98 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Development Of A Novel Handheld Device For Active Compensation Of Physiological Tremor, Abhijit Saxena
Development Of A Novel Handheld Device For Active Compensation Of Physiological Tremor, Abhijit Saxena
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In microsurgery, the human hand imposes certain limitations in accurately positioning the tip of a device such as scalpel. Any errors in the motion of the hand make microsurgical procedures difficult and involuntary motions such as hand tremors can make some procedures significantly difficult to perform. This is particularly true in the case of vitreoretinal microsurgery. The most familiar source of involuntary motion is physiological tremor. Real-time compensation of tremor is, therefore, necessary to assist surgeons to precisely position and manipulate the tool-tip to accurately perform a microsurgery. In this thesis, a novel handheld device (AID) is described for compensation …
Metrics For Evaluating Surgical Microscope Usage During Myringotomy, Arefin M. Shamsil
Metrics For Evaluating Surgical Microscope Usage During Myringotomy, Arefin M. Shamsil
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Abstract
Although teaching and learning surgical microscope manoeuvring is a fundamental step in middle ear surgical training, currently there is no objective method to teach or assess this skill. This thesis presents an experimental study designed to implement and test sets of metrics capable of numerically evaluating microscope manoeuvrability and qualitatively assessing surgical expertise of a subject during a middle ear surgery called myringotomy. The experiment involved performing a myringotomy on a fixed cadaveric ear. As participants, experienced ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgeons and ENT surgical residents were invited. While performing the procedure, their microscope manoeuvring motions were captured as translational and …
Quantification Of Bone And Cement Strains Surrounding A Distal Ulnar Implant With Varying Cement-Stem Interface Conditions, Sayward R. Fetterly
Quantification Of Bone And Cement Strains Surrounding A Distal Ulnar Implant With Varying Cement-Stem Interface Conditions, Sayward R. Fetterly
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Implant loosening following joint replacement surgery is a health-care concern. The role of implant-cement debonding on the propensity of loosening has received limited attention. This thesis examines changes in strains within the cement mantle and bone surrounding distal ulnar implants, as a function of cement-stem interface bonding.
A method to embed strain gauges within the cement mantle of the restrictive distal ulnar canal was developed. This technique was applied in 8 cadaveric distal ulnae, where strains were quantified at 2 internal and 5 external (i.e., bone surface) locations under torsion and bending loads with bonded and de-bonded cement-stem interfaces. …
The Contact Mechanics And Kinematics Of Radial Head Implants, Hannah L. Shannon
The Contact Mechanics And Kinematics Of Radial Head Implants, Hannah L. Shannon
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
A number of commercially available radial head (RH) implants are used for the management of RH fractures. The optimal shape of a RH implant to restore joint mechanics to the native state has not been established. This work compares radiocapitellar contact and kinematics for three implant designs as well as the native RH. These implants include an axisymmetric, a quasi-anatomic and a patient-specific design. When compared to the native RH, only the axisymmetric implant was significantly different in contact area (p=0.008). Active and passive forearm supination was assessed for differences in translations of the RH. Significant differences were found in …
A Sensorized Instrument For Minimally Invasive Surgery For The Measurement Of Forces During Training And Surgery: Development And Applications, Ana Luisa Trejos
A Sensorized Instrument For Minimally Invasive Surgery For The Measurement Of Forces During Training And Surgery: Development And Applications, Ana Luisa Trejos
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The reduced access conditions present in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) affect the feel of interaction forces between the instruments and the tissue being treated. This loss of haptic information compromises the safety of the procedure and must be overcome through training. Haptics in MIS is the subject of extensive research, focused on establishing force feedback mechanisms and developing appropriate sensors. This latter task is complicated by the need to place the sensors as close as possible to the instrument tip, as the measurement of forces outside of the patient's body does not represent the true tool--tissue interaction. Many force sensors …
Mri-Based Attenuation Correction In Emission Computed Tomography, Harry R. Marshall
Mri-Based Attenuation Correction In Emission Computed Tomography, Harry R. Marshall
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The hybridization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) enables the collection of an assortment of biological data in spatial and temporal register. However, both PET and SPECT are subject to photon attenuation, a process that degrades image quality and precludes quantification. To correct for the effects of attenuation, the spatial distribution of linear attenuation coefficients (μ-coefficients) within and about the patient must be available. Unfortunately, extracting μ-coefficients from MRI is non-trivial. In this thesis, I explore the problem of MRI-based attenuation correction (AC) in emission tomography.
In particular, I …
Real-Time Prostate Motion Tracking For Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy, Mehdi Esteghamatian
Real-Time Prostate Motion Tracking For Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy, Mehdi Esteghamatian
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Radical prostatectomy surgery (RP) is the gold standard for treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, emergence of minimally invasive techniques such as Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP) and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) has improved the outcomes for prostatectomy. However, it remains difficult for surgeons to make informed decisions regarding resection margins and nerve sparing since the location of the tumour within the organ is not usually visible in a laparoscopic view. While MRI enables visualization of the salient structures and cancer foci, its efficacy in LRP is reduced unless it is fused into a stereoscopic view such that homologous …
Development Of An Active Elbow Motion Simulator And Coordinate Systems To Evaluate Kinematics In Multiple Positions, Louis M. Ferreira
Development Of An Active Elbow Motion Simulator And Coordinate Systems To Evaluate Kinematics In Multiple Positions, Louis M. Ferreira
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Elbow disorders are common as a consequence of both traumatic and degenerative conditions. Relative to disorders of the lower limb, there is comparatively little evidence to direct the treatment of many elbow disorders. Biomechanical studies are required to develop and validate the optimal treatment of elbow disorders prior to their application in patients. Clinically relevant simulation of elbow motion in the laboratory can be a powerful tool to advance our knowledge of elbow disorders. This work was undertaken with the rationale that simulation and quantification of elbow motion could be improved significantly. This treatise includes the development and evaluation of …