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Articles 31 - 60 of 183
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Scheduling Based Optimization In Software Defined Radio And Wireless Networks, Nathan Daniel Price
Scheduling Based Optimization In Software Defined Radio And Wireless Networks, Nathan Daniel Price
Doctoral Dissertations
"The objective of this work is to enable dynamic sharing of software-defined radio (SDR) transceivers through the concepts of hardware virtualization and real-time resource management. SDR is a way to build a digital radio that consists of a software back-end for digital signal processing (DSP) and an analog front-end transceiver for waveform generation and reception. This work proposes the use of a virtualization layer to decouple back-end SDR software from front-end transceivers. With this arrangement, front-ends are said to be virtualized, and it becomes possible to share a limited number of front-ends among many SDR back-ends through different multiplexing techniques. …
Instrumentation, Modeling, And Sound Metamodeling Foundations For Complex Hybrid Systems, Natasha Amelia Jarus
Instrumentation, Modeling, And Sound Metamodeling Foundations For Complex Hybrid Systems, Natasha Amelia Jarus
Doctoral Dissertations
Many of our critical infrastructures, from power grids to water distribution networks, are complex hybrid systems that use software to control their non-trivial physical dynamics. These systems must be able to capably serve their purpose, while also being reliable, dependable, safe, secure, and efficient. Representation and analysis of these features requires the creation of several distinct models. These models may encode design goals or be derived from collected instrumentation data, reflecting both how a system ought to operate and how it does operate. It is essential to ensure that all of these models consistently and accurately describe the same system. …
Performance Evaluation Of Classical And Quantum Communication Systems, Gayane Vardoyan
Performance Evaluation Of Classical And Quantum Communication Systems, Gayane Vardoyan
Doctoral Dissertations
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a robust and reliable method used to transport data across a network. Many variants of TCP exist, e.g., Scalable TCP, CUBIC, and H-TCP. While some of them have been studied from empirical and theoretical perspectives, others have been less amenable to a thorough mathematical analysis. Moreover, some of the more popular variants had not been analyzed in the context of the high-speed environments for which they were designed. To address this issue, we develop a generalized modeling technique for TCP congestion control under the assumption of high bandwidth-delay product. In a separate contribution, we …
Multi-Layer Utilization Of Beamforming In Millimeter Wave Mimo Systems, Mustafa S. Aljumaily
Multi-Layer Utilization Of Beamforming In Millimeter Wave Mimo Systems, Mustafa S. Aljumaily
Doctoral Dissertations
mmWave frequencies ranging between (30-300GHz) have been considered the perfect solution to the scarcity of bandwidth in the traditional sub-6GHz band and to the ever increasing demand of many emerging applications in today's era. 5G and beyond standards are all considering the mmWave as an essential part of there networks. Beamforming is one of the most important enabling technologies for the mmWave to compensate for the huge propagation lose of these frequencies compared to the sub-6GHz frequencies and to ensure better spatial and spectral utilization of the mmWave channel space. In this work, we tried to develop different techniques to …
Leveraging Conventional Internet Routing Protocol Behavior To Defeat Ddos And Adverse Networking Conditions, Jared M. Smith
Leveraging Conventional Internet Routing Protocol Behavior To Defeat Ddos And Adverse Networking Conditions, Jared M. Smith
Doctoral Dissertations
The Internet is a cornerstone of modern society. Yet increasingly devastating attacks against the Internet threaten to undermine the Internet's success at connecting the unconnected. Of all the adversarial campaigns waged against the Internet and the organizations that rely on it, distributed denial of service, or DDoS, tops the list of the most volatile attacks. In recent years, DDoS attacks have been responsible for large swaths of the Internet blacking out, while other attacks have completely overwhelmed key Internet services and websites. Core to the Internet's functionality is the way in which traffic on the Internet gets from one destination …
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Doctoral Dissertations
In the Internet, network traffic between endpoints typically follows one path that is determined by the control plane. Endpoints have little control over the choice of which path their network traffic takes and little ability to verify if the traffic indeed follows a specific path. With the emergence of software-defined networking (SDN), more control over connections can be exercised, and thus the opportunity for novel solutions exists. However, there remain concerns about the attack surface exposed by fine-grained control, which may allow attackers to inject and redirect traffic. To address these opportunities and concerns, we consider two specific challenges: (1) …
Improving Computer Network Operations Through Automated Interpretation Of State, Abhishek Dwaraki
Improving Computer Network Operations Through Automated Interpretation Of State, Abhishek Dwaraki
Doctoral Dissertations
Networked systems today are hyper-scaled entities that provide core functionality for distributed services and applications spanning personal, business, and government use. It is critical to maintain correct operation of these networks to avoid adverse business outcomes. The advent of programmable networks has provided much needed fine-grained network control, enabling providers and operators alike to build some innovative networking architectures and solutions. At the same time, they have given rise to new challenges in network management. These architectures, coupled with a multitude of devices, protocols, virtual overlays on top of physical data-plane etc. make network management a highly challenging task. Existing …
Formal Verification Of Divider And Square-Root Arithmetic Circuits Using Computer Algebra Methods, Atif Yasin
Formal Verification Of Divider And Square-Root Arithmetic Circuits Using Computer Algebra Methods, Atif Yasin
Doctoral Dissertations
A considerable progress has been made in recent years in verification of arithmetic circuits such as multipliers, fused multiply-adders, multiply-accumulate, and other components of arithmetic datapaths, both in integer and finite field domain. However, the verification of hardware dividers and square-root functions have received only a limited attention from the verification community, with a notable exception for theorem provers and other inductive, non-automated systems. Division, square root, and transcendental functions are all tied to the basic Intel architecture and proving correctness of such algorithms is of grave importance. Although belonging to the same iterative-subtract class of architectures, they widely differ …
Towards Optimized Traffic Provisioning And Adaptive Cache Management For Content Delivery, Aditya Sundarrajan
Towards Optimized Traffic Provisioning And Adaptive Cache Management For Content Delivery, Aditya Sundarrajan
Doctoral Dissertations
Content delivery networks (CDNs) deploy hundreds of thousands of servers around the world to cache and serve trillions of user requests every day for a diverse set of content such as web pages, videos, software downloads and images. In this dissertation, we propose algorithms to provision traffic across cache servers and manage the content they host to achieve performance objectives such as maximizing the cache hit rate, minimizing the bandwidth cost of the network and minimizing the energy consumption of the servers. Traffic provisioning is the process of determining the set of content domains hosted on the servers. We propose …
Trustworthy Systems And Protocols For The Internet Of Things, Arman Pouraghily
Trustworthy Systems And Protocols For The Internet Of Things, Arman Pouraghily
Doctoral Dissertations
Processor-based embedded systems are integrated into many aspects of everyday life such as industrial control, automotive systems, healthcare, the Internet of Things, etc. As Moore’s law progresses, these embedded systems have moved from simple microcontrollers to full-scale embedded computing systems with multiple processor cores and operating systems support. At the same time, the security of these devices has also become a key concern. Our main focus in this work is the security and privacy of the embedded systems used in IoT systems. In the first part of this work, we take a look at the security of embedded systems from …
Design Of Hardware With Quantifiable Security Against Reverse Engineering, Shahrzad Keshavarz
Design Of Hardware With Quantifiable Security Against Reverse Engineering, Shahrzad Keshavarz
Doctoral Dissertations
Semiconductors are a 412 billion dollar industry and integrated circuits take on important roles in human life, from everyday use in smart-devices to critical applications like healthcare and aviation. Saving today's hardware systems from attackers can be a huge concern considering the budget spent on designing these chips and the sensitive information they may contain. In particular, after fabrication, the chip can be subject to a malicious reverse engineer that tries to invasively figure out the function of the chip or other sensitive data. Subsequent to an attack, a system can be subject to cloning, counterfeiting, or IP theft. This …
Qoe-Aware Content Distribution Systems For Adaptive Bitrate Video Streaming, Divyashri Bhat
Qoe-Aware Content Distribution Systems For Adaptive Bitrate Video Streaming, Divyashri Bhat
Doctoral Dissertations
A prodigious increase in video streaming content along with a simultaneous rise in end system capabilities has led to the proliferation of adaptive bit rate video streaming users in the Internet. Today, video streaming services range from Video-on-Demand services like traditional IP TV to more recent technologies such as immersive 3D experiences for live sports events. In order to meet the demands of these services, the multimedia and networking research community continues to strive toward efficiently delivering high quality content across the Internet while also trying to minimize content storage and delivery costs. The introduction of flexible and adaptable technologies …
Deep Learning For Digitized Histology Image Analysis, Sudhir Sornapudi
Deep Learning For Digitized Histology Image Analysis, Sudhir Sornapudi
Doctoral Dissertations
“Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer that affects women worldwide. Assessment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) through histopathology remains as the standard for absolute determination of cancer. The examination of tissue samples under a microscope requires considerable time and effort from expert pathologists. There is a need to design an automated tool to assist pathologists for digitized histology slide analysis. Pre-cervical cancer is generally determined by examining the CIN which is the growth of atypical cells from the basement membrane (bottom) to the top of the epithelium. It has four grades, including: Normal, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3. In …
Novel Approaches For Reliable And Efficient Circuit Design, Prashanthi Metku
Novel Approaches For Reliable And Efficient Circuit Design, Prashanthi Metku
Doctoral Dissertations
"In this research work, a suite of approaches are presented to improve reliability of 3D heterogeneous processors (3DHP) and to reduce the area overhead of asynchronous designs. This work is primarily divided into two parts. In the first part, we present an approach for improving reliability in 3DHP. Typically, in 3DHP, thermal hotspots introduce spatial and temporal variability that results in wide bit error variation in DRAM dies. To address this issue multi- path BCH decoder is introduced. Based on the thermal gradient data generated by on-chip temperature sensors, the proposed methodology specializes in adaptively estimating the number of errors …
Trajectory Control Of A Wheeled Robot Using Interaction Forces For Intuitive Overground Human-Robot Interaction, George Leno Holmes Jr.
Trajectory Control Of A Wheeled Robot Using Interaction Forces For Intuitive Overground Human-Robot Interaction, George Leno Holmes Jr.
Doctoral Dissertations
"Effective and intuitive physical human robot interaction (pHRI) requires an understanding of how humans communicate movement intentions with one another. It has been suggested that humans can guide another human by hand through complex tasks using force information only. However, no clear and applicable paradigm has been set forth to understand these relationships. While the human partner can readily understand and adhere to this expectation, it would be difficult for anyone to explain their intuitive motions with strict rules, algorithms, or steps. Uncovering such a procedural framework for the control of robotic systems to execute expected performance simply from force …
A Parallel Direct Method For Finite Element Electromagnetic Computations Based On Domain Decomposition, Javad Moshfegh
A Parallel Direct Method For Finite Element Electromagnetic Computations Based On Domain Decomposition, Javad Moshfegh
Doctoral Dissertations
High performance parallel computing and direct (factorization-based) solution methods have been the two main trends in electromagnetic computations in recent years. When time-harmonic (frequency-domain) Maxwell's equation are directly discretized with the Finite Element Method (FEM) or other Partial Differential Equation (PDE) methods, the resulting linear system of equations is sparse and indefinite, thus harder to efficiently factorize serially or in parallel than alternative methods e.g. integral equation solutions, that result in dense linear systems. State-of-the-art sparse matrix direct solvers such as MUMPS and PARDISO don't scale favorably, have low parallel efficiency and high memory footprint. This work introduces a new …
Service Competition And Data-Centric Protocols For Internet Access, Thiago Teixeira
Service Competition And Data-Centric Protocols For Internet Access, Thiago Teixeira
Doctoral Dissertations
The Internet evolved in many aspects, from the application to the physical layers. However, the evolution of the Internet access technologies, most visible in dense urban scenarios, is not easily noticeable in sparsely populated and rural areas. In the United States, for example, the FCC identified that 50% of the census blocks have access to up to two broadband providers; however, these providers do not necessarily compete. Additionally, due to the methodology of the study, there is evidence that the number of actual customers without broadband access is higher since the FCC considers the entire block to have broadband if …
Time-Difference Circuits: Methodology, Design, And Digital Realization, Shuo Li
Time-Difference Circuits: Methodology, Design, And Digital Realization, Shuo Li
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis presents innovations for a special class of circuits called Time Difference (TD) circuits. We introduce a signal processing methodology with TD signals that alters the target signal from a magnitude perspective to time interval between two time events and systematically organizes the primary TD functions abstracted from existing TD circuits and systems. The TD circuits draw attention from a broad range of application fields. In addition, highly evolved complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology suffers from various problems related to voltage and current amplitude signal processing methods. Compared to traditional analog and digital circuits, TD circuits bring several compelling features: …
Stealthy Parametric Hardware Trojans In Vlsi Circuits, Samaneh Ghandali
Stealthy Parametric Hardware Trojans In Vlsi Circuits, Samaneh Ghandali
Doctoral Dissertations
Over the last decade, hardware Trojans have gained increasing attention in academia, industry and by government agencies. In order to design reliable countermeasures, it is crucial to understand how hardware Trojans can be built in practice. This is an area that has received relatively scant treatment in the literature. In this thesis, we examine how particularly stealthy parametric Trojans can be introduced to VLSI circuits. Parametric Trojans do not require any additional logic and are purely based on subtle manipulations on the sub-transistor level to modify the parameters of few transistors which makes them very hard to detect. We introduce …
Function And Dissipation In Finite State Automata - From Computing To Intelligence And Back, Natesh Ganesh
Function And Dissipation In Finite State Automata - From Computing To Intelligence And Back, Natesh Ganesh
Doctoral Dissertations
Society has benefited from the technological revolution and the tremendous growth in computing powered by Moore's law. However, we are fast approaching the ultimate physical limits in terms of both device sizes and the associated energy dissipation. It is important to characterize these limits in a physically grounded and implementation-agnostic manner, in order to capture the fundamental energy dissipation costs associated with performing computing operations with classical information in nano-scale quantum systems. It is also necessary to identify and understand the effect of quantum in-distinguishability, noise, and device variability on these dissipation limits. Identifying these parameters is crucial to designing …
Feature Space Modeling For Accurate And Efficient Learning From Non-Stationary Data, Ayesha Akter
Feature Space Modeling For Accurate And Efficient Learning From Non-Stationary Data, Ayesha Akter
Doctoral Dissertations
A non-stationary dataset is one whose statistical properties such as the mean, variance, correlation, probability distribution, etc. change over a specific interval of time. On the contrary, a stationary dataset is one whose statistical properties remain constant over time. Apart from the volatile statistical properties, non-stationary data poses other challenges such as time and memory management due to the limitation of computational resources mostly caused by the recent advancements in data collection technologies which generate a variety of data at an alarming pace and volume. Additionally, when the collected data is complex, managing data complexity, emerging from its dimensionality and …
Sparsity In Machine Learning: An Information Selecting Perspective, Siwei Feng
Sparsity In Machine Learning: An Information Selecting Perspective, Siwei Feng
Doctoral Dissertations
Today we are living in a world awash with data. Large volumes of data are acquired, analyzed and applied to tasks through machine learning algorithms in nearly every area of science, business, and industry. For example, medical scientists analyze the gene expression data from a single specimen to learn the underlying causes of disease (e.g. cancer) and choose the best treatment; retailers can know more about customers' shopping habits from retail data to adjust their business strategies to better appeal to customers; suppliers can enhance supply chain success through supply chain systems built on knowledge sharing. However, it is also …
Improving And Understanding Data Quality In Large-Scale Data Systems, Xiaolan Wang
Improving And Understanding Data Quality In Large-Scale Data Systems, Xiaolan Wang
Doctoral Dissertations
Systems and applications rely heavily on data, which makes data quality a critical factor for their function. In turn, low quality data can be incredibly costly and disruptive, leading to loss of revenue, incorrect conclusions, and misguided policy decisions. Improving data quality is far more than purging datasets of errors; it is more important to improve the processes that produce the data, to collect good data sources that are used for generating the data, and to truly understand the quality of the data. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to improve and understand data quality from the above aspects. …
Modeling Temporal Structures In Time-Varying Networks, Kun Tu
Modeling Temporal Structures In Time-Varying Networks, Kun Tu
Doctoral Dissertations
A dynamic network is a network whose structure changes because of the emergence and disappearance of node or edges. It can be used to study complex systems where individuals in a system are represented as nodes and their relations/interactions are represented as edges. Studying dynamic network structures helps to better understand changes in relationships. Considerable work has been conducted on learning network structure. However, due to the complexity of dynamic networks, there is considerable room for improvement to obtain better analysis results. This thesis studies different aspects of characteristic and dynamics of a network, focusing on their application in link …
Sequence Design Via Semidefinite Programming Relaxation And Randomized Projection, Dian Mo
Sequence Design Via Semidefinite Programming Relaxation And Randomized Projection, Dian Mo
Doctoral Dissertations
Wideband is a booming technology in the field of wireless communications. The receivers in wideband communication systems are expected to cover a very wide spectrum and adaptively extract the parts of interest. The literature has focused on mixing the input spectrum to baseband using a pseudorandom sequence modulation and recovering the received signals from linearly independent measurements by parallel branches to mitigate the pressures from required extreme high sampling frequency. However, a pseudorandom sequence provides no rejection for the strong interferers received together with weak signals from distant sources. The interferers cause significant distortion due to the nonlinearity of the …
Fundamental Limits Of Covert Communication In Packet Channels, Ramin Soltani
Fundamental Limits Of Covert Communication In Packet Channels, Ramin Soltani
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on covert communication in channels where the communication takes place by the transmission of packets. Consider a channel where authorized transmitter Jack sends packets to authorized receiver Steve according to a Poisson process with rate $\lambda$ packets per second for a time period $T$. Jack's transmitted packet visit Alice, Willie, Bob and Steve, respectively. Suppose that covert transmitter Alice wishes to communicate information to covert receiver Bob without being detected by a watchful adversary Willie. We consider three sets of assumptions for this channel. For each set of assumptions, we present a technique for establishing covert communication …
Volumetric Error Compensation For Industrial Robots And Machine Tools, Le Ma
Volumetric Error Compensation For Industrial Robots And Machine Tools, Le Ma
Doctoral Dissertations
“A more efficient and increasingly popular volumetric error compensation method for machine tools is to compute compensation tables in axis space with tool tip volumetric measurements. However, machine tools have high-order geometric errors and some workspace is not reachable by measurement devices, the compensation method suffers a curve-fitting challenge, overfitting measurements in measured space and losing accuracy around and out of the measured space. Paper I presents a novel method that aims to uniformly interpolate and extrapolate the compensation tables throughout the entire workspace. By using a uniform constraint to bound the tool tip error slopes, an optimal model with …
Neuroengineering Of Clustering Algorithms, Leonardo Enzo Brito Da Silva
Neuroengineering Of Clustering Algorithms, Leonardo Enzo Brito Da Silva
Doctoral Dissertations
"Cluster analysis can be broadly divided into multivariate data visualization, clustering algorithms, and cluster validation. This dissertation contributes neural network-based techniques to perform all three unsupervised learning tasks. Particularly, the first paper provides a comprehensive review on adaptive resonance theory (ART) models for engineering applications and provides context for the four subsequent papers. These papers are devoted to enhancements of ART-based clustering algorithms from (a) a practical perspective by exploiting the visual assessment of cluster tendency (VAT) sorting algorithm as a preprocessor for ART offline training, thus mitigating ordering effects; and (b) an engineering perspective by designing a family of …
Cmos Compatible Memristor Networks For Brain-Inspired Computing, Can Li
Cmos Compatible Memristor Networks For Brain-Inspired Computing, Can Li
Doctoral Dissertations
In the past decades, the computing capability has shown an exponential growth trend, which is observed as Moore’s law. However, this growth speed is slowing down in recent years mostly because the down-scaled size of transistors is approaching their physical limit. On the other hand, recent advances in software, especially in big data analysis and artificial intelligence, call for a break-through in computing hardware. The memristor, or the resistive switching device, is believed to be a potential building block of the future generation of integrated circuits. The underlying mechanism of this device is different from that of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) …
Multi-Sensor Localization And Tracking In Disaster Management And Indoor Wayfinding For Visually Impaired Users, Zhuorui Yang
Multi-Sensor Localization And Tracking In Disaster Management And Indoor Wayfinding For Visually Impaired Users, Zhuorui Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation proposes a series of multi-sensor localization and tracking algorithms particularly developed for two important application domains, which are disaster management and indoor wayfinding for blind and visually impaired (BVI) users. For disaster management, we developed two different localization algorithms, one each for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, which enable the disaster management system to track patients in real-time. Both algorithms work in the absence of any pre-deployed infrastructure along with smartphones and wearable devices. Regarding indoor wayfinding for BVI users, we have explored several types of indoor positioning techniques including BLE-based, inertial, visual …